Gary Sibcy, II, Ph.D. Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Piedmont Psychiatric Center Director, PhD Program in Professional Counseling Liberty University Lynchburg, Virginia Tim Clinton, EdD, LPC, LMFT President, AACC Executive Director, Liberty University Center for Counseling and Family Studies
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Gary Sibcy, II, Ph.D. Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Piedmont Psychiatric Center Director, PhD Program in Professional Counseling Liberty University Lynchburg,
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Gary Sibcy, II, Ph.D.Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Piedmont Psychiatric Center
Director, PhD Program in Professional CounselingLiberty UniversityLynchburg, Virginia
Tim Clinton, EdD, LPC, LMFTPresident, AACCExecutive Director, Liberty University Center for Counseling and Family Studies
The Mind and the Brain are completely separate from each other
The embodied process that regulates the flow of energy and information
◦ Energy the physical properties that propel us to take action
◦ Information is the representation of something other than itself (e.g., words and ideas)
The neuro-circuitry through which energy and information flow—◦ Concentrated primarily in the head, but extends
through the entire body
How energy and information is shared as we connect and communicate with one another
Relationships are co-regulators of energy and information
I Corinthians 12: 12ff
General Systems Theory—how complex systems develop◦ Undifferentiated
◦ Differentiated—separate/individuated with specialized functions and sovereignty
◦ Integration—linked together but retains separateness in specialized functions
The whole is greater than sum of parts
Disintegration and Fragmentation
The brain is open system-
◦ Open systems of capable of being influenced by external factors
◦ Dynamic, nonlinear, complex systems
◦ When integrated, this type of system is most flexible and adaptive
FlexibleAdaptiveCoherentEnergizedStable
A river, with an ever changing central channel of integration and harmony
On one bank is Rigidity-- On the other bank is Chaos—
Screen clipping taken: Siegel, Mindsight
Psychospiritual health is the function of integration
Psychopathology is a deviation from integration◦ Rigidity◦ Chaos
The middle prefrontal cortex◦ Anterior cingulate◦ Orbital prefrontal cortex◦ The mediate prefrontal◦ Ventral lateral◦ All work together as a team
Body regulation-- Attuned communication-- Emotional balance-- Response Flexibility-- Insight— Empathy
Theory of mind
Mindsight--mentalization
Fear modulation Accessing intuition Morality
Implicit Memory—◦ Present at birth◦ Includes behavioral, emotional, perceptual, body◦ Mental models—states become traits◦ Conscious attention not required for encoding◦ No sense of recollection when memories recalled◦ Does not involve hippocampus—mostly amygdala
Explicit Memory◦ Emerges in second year of life◦ Sense of recollection when recalled◦ If autobiographical, sense of self and time present◦ Includes semantic (factual) and episodic
(autobiographical)◦ Requires conscious attention◦ Involves hippocampus—converts to context◦ If autobiographical—involves prefrontal cortex
Mind is the container/organizer/regulator of content, but is not the same things as the content itself
You are not your thoughts!
Just because you have a thought doesn’t mean its true
Just because you think a thought doesn’t mean you believe it
◦ ultimately through integration of these systems with the middle prefrontal cortex
Secure Base
Self-Confidence/Exploration
Perceived Threat
Felt security
Attachment System
Signaling
Proximity Seeking
Safe Haven
Caregiver’sSignal detection
Secure Base
Perceived Threat
Felt security
Attachment System
Signaling
Safe Haven
Caregiver’sSignal detection
Sense of Self
Sense of Other
Balancing
Inconsistent/Role reversal
Responsive/Attuned
Avoidant
Ambivalent
Disorganized
Secure
Frightening/Threatening/Dissociated
Rejecting/disengaged/overly Intrusive
Parent Responses Themes Attachment Style
AAI Classifications
of Pre-term Mothers in Third
Trimester of Pregnancy Child Strange
Situation Classification
At Twelve –Months
AAI Classification 16 To 20
Years Later
70% ACCURACY
75% TO 78%
ACCURACY
Self Other
•Am I worthy? •Am I capable?•Am I willing?
•Are you trustworthy?•Are accessible?•Are you capable?•Are you willing?
Secure AttachmentSecure AttachmentSelf DimensionSelf DimensionI’m worthy of loveI’m worthy of loveI’m capable of getting the love I needI’m capable of getting the love I need
Other DimensionOther DimensionOthers are willing and able to love meOthers are willing and able to love meI can count on you to be there for meI can count on you to be there for me
Avoidant AttachmentAvoidant AttachmentSelf DimensionSelf DimensionI’m worthy of love (false pride)I’m worthy of love (false pride)I’m capable of getting love I want and need I’m capable of getting love I want and need (false sense of mastery)(false sense of mastery)
Other DimensionOther DimensionOthers are incompetentOthers are incompetentOthers are untrustworthyOthers are untrustworthy
Ambivalent AttachmentAmbivalent AttachmentSelf DimensionSelf DimensionI am not worth of love (I feel flawed)I am not worth of love (I feel flawed)I’m not able to get love I need without being I’m not able to get love I need without being angry or clingyangry or clingy
Other DimensionOther DimensionCapable but unwilling (bc my flaws)Capable but unwilling (bc my flaws)May abandon me (bc my flaws)May abandon me (bc my flaws)
Fearful AttachmentFearful AttachmentSelf DimensionSelf DimensionI’m not worthy of loveI’m not worthy of loveI’m unable to get the love I needI’m unable to get the love I need
Other DimensionOther DimensionOthers are unwillingOthers are unwillingOthers are unableOthers are unableOthers are abusive, I deserve itOthers are abusive, I deserve it
Other
Sel
f
+
_
+ __
Secure AttachmentSecure Attachment Full rangeFull rangeGood controlGood controlSelf-soothesSelf-soothesShares feelingsShares feelingsOk with others’ feelingsOk with others’ feelingsCapable of accurate empathyCapable of accurate empathy
Avoidant AttachmentAvoidant AttachmentRestricted RangeRestricted RangeToo much controlToo much controlUses things to soothe self, prone to Uses things to soothe self, prone to addictionsaddictionsKeeps feelings at a distanceKeeps feelings at a distanceDoesn’t share feelingsDoesn’t share feelingsRestricted empathyRestricted empathy
Ambivalent AttachmentAmbivalent AttachmentFull rangeFull rangePoor controlPoor controlCan’t self sootheCan’t self sootheShares Feelings too muchShares Feelings too muchOverwhelms others with their feelingsOverwhelms others with their feelingsUses feelings instrumentally to gain Uses feelings instrumentally to gain proximityproximity
Disorganized AttachmentDisorganized AttachmentFull Range, but few positive feelingsFull Range, but few positive feelingsPoor controlPoor controlCan’t self-sootheCan’t self-sootheCan’t really share with othersCan’t really share with othersOverwhelmed by others feelingsOverwhelmed by others feelingsDissociates when in face of strong emotionDissociates when in face of strong emotion
Secure AttachmentSecure AttachmentComfortable with closenessComfortable with closenessShares feelings and dreamsShares feelings and dreamsWilling to commitWilling to commitBalances closeness and distanceBalances closeness and distance
Avoidant AttachmentAvoidant AttachmentNot comfortable with closenessNot comfortable with closenessWithholds feelings and dreamsWithholds feelings and dreamsDifficulty with commitmentDifficulty with commitmentDistances Distances
Ambivalent AttachmentAmbivalent AttachmentDesires closeness, but never seems to Desires closeness, but never seems to have enoughhave enoughWants to merge with otherWants to merge with otherPreoccupied with abandonmentPreoccupied with abandonmentClings and criticizesClings and criticizesCrisisCrisisattachmentattachment
Disorganized AttachmentDisorganized AttachmentDesires closeness, but fears and avoids Desires closeness, but fears and avoids ititWants to merge, then wants to Wants to merge, then wants to distancedistanceTerrified of abandonmentTerrified of abandonmentSabotages closenessSabotages closenessAttracted to people who victimizeAttracted to people who victimize
Kirkpatric◦ Reframes attachment within religious context
Christian conception of God satisfies Ainsworth’s attachment criteria:Seeks closeness in times of troubleSafe Haven ExplorationSeparationanxiety/angerLossGrief
Christian Attachment Therapy 48
Philippians 4:4-7 Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice! Let your gentleness
be evident to all. The Lord is near. Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.(NIV)
Ps 17:6-10I call on you, O God, for you will answer me; give ear to me and hear my prayer. Show the wonder of your great love, you who save by your right hand those who take refuge in you from their foes. Keep me as the apple of your eye; hide me in the shadow of your wings from the wicked who assail me, from my mortal enemies who surround me. They close up their callous hearts, and their mouths speak with arrogance.(NIV)
Christian Attachment Therapy 49
Ps 46:1-4God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Therefore we will not fear, though the earth give way and the mountains fall into the heart of the sea, though its waters roar and foam and the mountains quake with their surging. Selah
Christian Attachment Therapy 50
Attachment style impacts how God is viewed◦Secure: He is there, I can count on Him. He will
accepts me, in spite of my flaws◦Avoidant: He isn’t there for me when I need
Him. I will have to go at life alone. I don’t really need Him.
◦Ambivalent: I’m too flawed; God is sure to reject me. I probably committed the unpardonable sin
◦Disorganized: I’m flawed, beyond repair. God will strike me down if I turn toward Him. He will surely reject or punish me.
Christian Attachment Therapy 51
The “Secure” Model of Change
Cooking a good soup◦ Know the essential ingredients◦ How the ingredients interact with other,
compliment each other◦ How they may behave differently, each time you
use them◦ A good soup—I love chili—is more than the sum of
its parts//tomatoes, onions, meat, beans, seasoning, etc.
Are you called to do this work God uses those who have been wounded You must come to terms with what has
happened to you— God will work all things to the good of those
who are called according to his purposes Your reliance on God and sensitivity to the
Spirit is essential Take care of yourself—this is hard work
Fostering therapeutic alliance Nurturing collaboration—exploring the story
of “why are you here?” Create a “safety zone” (McCallough) Information gathering, assessment,
Learn to engage in personal experiments that can generate new “data” that may unfreeze negative, rigid, globally negative beliefs—both in and out of session
Practice new patterns of relating to others and giving up old patterns of avoidance, blame, and defensiveness
Fostering forgiveness—self-others
Dealing with resistance and therapeutic ruptures
Begin differentiating between old, toxic relationships and therapy relationship (Interpersonal Discrimination Exercises)
Fostering generalization from safety of therapy office to other context