Garmin GNS 430 Navigation Training - Andrew - · PDF file1/113 6/14/2004 Andrew Sarangan Garmin GNS 430. Navigation Training. Andrew Sarangan. CFII

1/113 6/14/2004 Andrew Sarangan

GarminGarmin GNS 430GNS 430Navigation TrainingNavigation Training

Andrew SaranganCFII


GNS 430 PanelGNS 430 Panel

GPS drives an external CDI/OBS


GPS Navigation BasicsGPS Navigation Basics

GPS allows direct navigation from departure to destination.

DepartureD

irect

Nav

igat

ion

IAF

Airw

ay

VOR

Airway


GPS GPS vsvs VOR NavigationVOR Navigation

VOR navigation is between VOR stations. GPS navigation is between GPS waypoints.

Unlike a VOR, a GPS waypoint can be placed almost anywhere.

Also, unlike the VOR, there is no need to change frequencies when switching from one waypoint to the next. Waypoints don’t have frequencies.

DepartureD

irect

Nav

igat

ion

IAF

Airw

ay

VOR

Airway


Departure

IAF

Waypoint1

Waypoint2

GPS RouteGPS Route

A GPS route can have multiple legs to navigate around obstacles or airspaces.


GPS RouteGPS RouteDeparture

IAF

Waypoint1

Waypoint2

Active leg

A waypoint is automatically sequenced to the next waypoint upon station passage. Active leg will also sequence automatically.

GPS drives the external CDI. Deflection is independent of OBS setting (unless using OBS mode).

Fly it like a localizer, i.e., set OBS to desired course for correct needle interpretations.


Departure

IAF

Waypoint1

Waypoint2

Active leg

GPS RouteGPS Route

A waypoint can be skipped at any time, proceeding directly to the next waypoint.


GPS ApproachGPS Approach

MAP (RWY)

IAFIAF IAF

Hold

FAF

High CDI sensitivity

Active leg

An approach is just another sequence of waypoints.

The CDI will automatically switch to a higher sensitivity between the FAF and MAP.


GPS Approach with Radar GPS Approach with Radar VectoringVectoring

If radar vectors to final is selected, the final approach leg will be activated regardless of aircraft position.

The aircraft must intercept the final approach course prior to the FAF for proper approach sequencing to the MAP.

IAF

Hold

FAF

MAP (RWY)

High CDI sensitivity

Active leg

IAF IAF


GPS ApproachesGPS Approaches

• Standard GPS Approach– T- structure

• GPS Overlay Approach– A temporary measure to allow pilots to fly

existing non-precision approaches using GPS


Standard GPS ApproachStandard GPS Approach


GPS Overlay ApproachGPS Overlay Approach


NavNav/Com Control (Left Side)/Com Control (Left Side)

Standby/Active flip-flop

COM volumePull for squelch

NAV volumePull for ident

Push to select NAV or COMStandby freq will be highlighted

Outer knob for 133.550Inner knob for 110.550

VLOC=VOR/LOC


GPS Control (Right Side)GPS Control (Right Side)

Outer knob selects page groups (NAV,WPT,AUX,NRST)Inner knob selects pages within groupPush to activate cursor; again to deactivate.Outer selects field, inner selects subfieldsOuter selects character field, inner changes characters

Map range. Up to zoom out (higher alt)Direct To Navigation

Context sensitive menuEnter key

Clear/Cancel. Press and hold to return to NAV1 screen


GPS Controls and AlarmsGPS Controls and Alarms

Blank = Auto sequence enabled.SUSP = Auto sequence suspended.

ex: holding fix, MAPOBS = external OBS-selected course to

the waypoint

External CDI source:GPS or VLOC


GPS Controls and AlarmsGPS Controls and AlarmsEnroute/Terminal/Approach (CDI sensitivity)Terminal mode is within 30 NM of the airportApproach mode is just prior to FAF

INTEG alarm (RAIM)

MSG screenflashes when msg is waiting

Procedures:Approaches, DP, STAR

Flight plan screen


Start Up PageStart Up Page

Updated every 28 days


Instrument Panel Self TestInstrument Panel Self Test

Verify against CDI/GS/Flag


FPL2 Screen FPL2 Screen ––Flight Plan CatalogFlight Plan Catalog

FPL2 contains the saved flight plans.

Activate cursor (push), select flight plan (outer knob) and press ENT to view/edit the flight plan.

FPL2 indicator

Press FPL and turn inner knob to get the FPL2 screen


FPL2 Screen FPL2 Screen ––Flight Plan CatalogFlight Plan Catalog

Hit MENU from the FPL2 screen to create a new flight plan.


FPL2 Screen FPL2 Screen –– Viewing a Flight PlanViewing a Flight PlanDefault flight plan nameFlight plan #

Select field (outer knob) and turn inner knob to enter a new waypoint.


FPL2 Screen FPL2 Screen –– Editing a Flight PlanEditing a Flight Plan

When inner knob is turned, the waypoint entry menu pops us. Move between fields using outer knob and change characters using inner knob. Press ENT to accept.


FPL2 Screen FPL2 Screen –– Adding an Approach Adding an Approach to a Flight Planto a Flight Plan

An approach can be added as the last leg of the flight plan.

Only one approach can be loaded into the flight plan.



Press MENU and highlight Select Approach field.



This will activate the WPT4 screen. Select the desired approach.

GPS Overlay Approach



Select transition



Load approach into flight plan.


FPL2 Screen FPL2 Screen –– Verify Flight PlanVerify Flight Plan


FPL2 Screen FPL2 Screen –– Removing a Removing a Waypoint from a Flight PlanWaypoint from a Flight Plan

To remove a waypoint, highlight the field and press CLR.


FPL2 Screen FPL2 Screen –– Removing an Removing an Approach from a Flight PlanApproach from a Flight Plan

To remove the entire approach, highlight the approach (blue field) and press CLR.

Any segment of the approach can also be removed.


FPL2 Screen FPL2 Screen -- Flight Plan ActivationFlight Plan Activation

Press MENU and highlight Activate Flight Plan field. Press ENT to activate.

Alternatively, press MENU from Flight Plan Catalog screen.


FPL1 Screen FPL1 Screen –– Viewing Active Viewing Active Flight PlanFlight Plan

Flight plan #

FPL1 shows the active flight plan and the active leg.

Active flight plan is designated as #0.


FPL1 Screen FPL1 Screen –– Activating a Activating a Different LegDifferent Leg

A different leg can be activated. Highlight the waypoint (outer) and press MENU.

FPL1 indicator

Press FPL to quit FPL screen


NAV2 Screen NAV2 Screen –– Map DisplayMap Display

Magenta line shows active leg of flight plan.

White line shows other segments

Use CLR key to increase/decrease map information

Verify that auto sequence is on

NAV2 indicator


NAV1 Screen NAV1 Screen –– Default Default NavNavNAV1 screen can be used to view the CDI display as well as some extra information such as ETE, Bearing to station, Present track etc..DTK = Desired Track

NAV1 Indicator

CDI display

Active Leg of flight plan

Course information


External CDIExternal CDI

GPS drives the external CDI.

CDI is insensitive to OBS.



Next DTK alert flashes when approaching a waypoint.‘Steep turn ahead’ alert will appear in the MSG window if ground speed is high.

Next DTK Alert



Course change instruction

New course instruction will flash when close to the waypoint (using standard rate turn).



Active leg will automatically sequence upon station passage.



GPS expects the external OBS to be set to the DTK (even though this makes no difference to the CDI). If the difference between the DTK and the OBS is more than 10 deg, a warning will appear under MSG.


NAV3 Screen NAV3 Screen -- NAVCOMNAVCOMEnroute airport

Airport closest to the next waypoint will be displayed.

Activate cursor (push), select the frequency field (outer), and press enter to automatically load frequency into the standby channel.


NAV3NAV3--WPT1 Screen (NAVCOMWPT1 Screen (NAVCOM--Airport Location)Airport Location)

Press ENT on any field in the NAV3 screen to get to the WPT1 screen for that airport.

Press ENT or CLR to return to NAV3.


NAV3 Screen NAV3 Screen -- NAVCOMNAVCOM

Any airport in the flight plan can be selected.

Activate cursor (push), select the airport field (outer), and rotate subfield (inner). Press enter to select highlighted airport.


NAV3 Screen NAV3 Screen -- NAVCOMNAVCOMArrival airport


WPT1 Screen WPT1 Screen –– Airport LocationAirport Location

General airport information is listed in WPT1


WPT1 Screen WPT1 Screen –– Airport LocationAirport Location

Press Menu to invoke airport selection menu.

Or enter the airport code (outer, then inner).


WPT2 Screen WPT2 Screen –– Airport RunwayAirport Runway

Airport diagram is on WPT2


WPT2 Screen WPT2 Screen –– Airport RunwayAirport Runway




WPT3 Screen WPT3 Screen –– Airport Airport FrequencyFrequency

Similar to NAV3 screen


WPT3 Screen WPT3 Screen –– Airport Airport FrequencyFrequency




NRST1 Screen NRST1 Screen –– Nearest AirportNearest Airport

NRST1 contains all the nearest airports.

Any frequency can be automatically loaded into standby by highlighting it and pressing ENT.


NRST1NRST1--WPT1 ScreenWPT1 Screen(Nearest Airport Information)(Nearest Airport Information)

Highlight an airport in the NRST1 screen and press ENT to access WPT1 screen for that airport.

Press ENT or CLR to return back to NRST1.


NRST2 Screen NRST2 Screen –– Nearest Nearest IntersectionIntersection

NRST2 contains all the nearest intersections.


NRST2 NRST2 ––WPT7 Screen WPT7 Screen (Nearest Intersection Information)(Nearest Intersection Information)



NRST3 Screen NRST3 Screen –– Nearest NDBNearest NDB

NRST3 contains all the nearest NDB stations.


NRST3 NRST3 –– WPT8 Screen WPT8 Screen (Nearest NDB Information)(Nearest NDB Information)



NRST4 Screen NRST4 Screen –– Nearest VORNearest VOR

NRST4 contains all the nearest VORs.

Frequency can be automatically loaded into standby.


NRST4NRST4--WPT9 Screen (Nearest WPT9 Screen (Nearest VOR Information)VOR Information)

Frequency can be automatically loaded into standby by highlighting it and pressing ENT.

Press ENT or CLR to return to NRST4.


NRST6 Screen NRST6 Screen –– Nearest ARTCCNearest ARTCC

NRST6 contains the nearest ARTCC.

Frequency can be automatically loaded into standby by highlighting it and pressing ENT.


NRST7 Screen NRST7 Screen –– Nearest FSSNearest FSS

NRST7 contains the nearest FSS. Frequency can be automatically loaded into standby by highlighting it and pressing ENT.


NRST8 Screen NRST8 Screen –– Nearest AirspaceNearest Airspace

NRST8 contains the nearest airspace.


NRST8 NRST8 ––Expanded Screen Expanded Screen (Nearest Airspace)(Nearest Airspace)


NRST8 NRST8 ––Expanded Screen Expanded Screen (Nearest Airspace)(Nearest Airspace)

Highlight Frequencies? and press ENT to access WPT3 screen for that airspace. Frequency can be automatically loaded into standby by highlighting it and pressing ENT.



DRCT1 DRCT1 –– Direct NavigationDirect Navigation

DIRECT can be invoked any time. By default, it presents the next waypoint in the current active leg.

New airport can be entered by activating the cursor (press), selecting the field (outer) and using the subfield (inner) to change the airport code.



By selecting the FPL field (outer) and using the subfield (inner), the list of airports in the active flight plan (#0) will be shown. Current leg can be bypassed. Activate confirmation is required.



Current leg is being bypassed – Direct to RID from present position.



By selecting the NRST field (outer) and using the subfield (inner), the list of nearby airports will be shown. Activate confirmation is required.



Press MENU in the DIRECT screen. Previous DIRECT commands can be cancelled to return to the original flight plan.


OBS Selected Course OBS Selected Course

Select OBS

Selected course to the next WPT is displayed as active segment, and CDI moves like a normal VOR.

Select course


Starting the ApproachStarting the Approach

This airplane is still on the enroute leg. It will be automatically sequenced to the approach leg.


GPS Overlay ApproachGPS Overlay Approach


Initial Approach FixInitial Approach Fix

IAF


Outbound SegmentOutbound Segment

Outbound from waypoint


Outbound SegmentOutbound Segment

Procedure Turn


Procedure TurnProcedure Turn

Start procedure turn


Procedure Turn OutboundProcedure Turn Outbound

Outbound

Procedure turn headings are not shown. DTK remains on the outbound course.


Procedure Turn InboundProcedure Turn Inbound

Inbound

FAF

Automatically sequences to inbound leg when aircraft turns inbound on the PT.


Procedure Turn InboundProcedure Turn Inbound

FAF


Inbound SegmentInbound Segment

Approach is automatically armed prior to FAF. CDI goes to high sensitivity.

FAF


Final Approach SegmentFinal Approach Segment

MAP

Final approach leg


Missed Approach PointMissed Approach Point

Approaching MAP



Remains at MAP

Auto sequencing is suspended at MAP.


Missed Approach SegmentMissed Approach Segment

Press OBS to start sequencing

Terminal mode (low CDI sensitivity)

Course to Missed Approach Hold

Missed Hold



Direct navigation to Missed Approach Hold


Missed Approach HoldMissed Approach Hold

Hold entry method



Auto sequence suspended at holding fix



Clock counts up from zero abeam the holding fix



Clock resets and counts up on inbound leg


Direct to the IAFDirect to the IAF

If you want to skip all the intermediate waypoints and go straight to the IAF, press PROC and select Activate Approach. This will create a direct leg to the IAF and activate that leg.


Direct to the IAFDirect to the IAF

Direct course to the IAF is shown.


Changing to Radar VectorsChanging to Radar Vectors

Press PROC and select and activate Vectors to final.



Final course is active even though the aircraft has not intercepted it. Automatic sequencing will begin when the aircraft intercepts the course.



Vectors to final is indicated by VTF.


Selecting a Different ApproachSelecting a Different Approach

Press PROC and Select Approach.


Selecting an ApproachSelecting an Approach

If the active flight plan does not contain an approach, the Activate and Vectors to Final options will be greyed out. A new approach must be selected.


Selecting a NonSelecting a Non--GPS ApproachGPS Approach

Select, load and activate a new approach (vectors to final in this example)


NonNon--GPS Approach WarningGPS Approach Warning


Radar Vectors to FinalRadar Vectors to Final


NonNon--GPS Approach WarningGPS Approach Warning

Localizer frequency is automatically loaded to standby



IAF

This airplane is still on the enroute leg. It will be automatically sequenced to the approach leg.




Intermediate SegmentIntermediate Segment

This airplane is on the intermediate approach segment.


Inbound SegmentInbound Segment

FAF


Inbound SegmentInbound SegmentFAF

Approach is automatically armed prior to FAF. CDI goes to high sensitivity.


Final Approach SegmentFinal Approach Segment

MAP

Final approach leg



Approaching MAP



Remains at MAP

Auto sequencing is suspended at MAP.



Press OBS to start sequencing

Terminal mode (low CDI sensitivity)

Course to Missed Approach Hold

Missed Hold



Hold entry method



Auto sequence suspended at holding fix


DME ArcsDME Arcs

DTK will constantly change along the DME arc. Fly the DTK and set the external OBS to the DTK. If the difference between DTK and OBS is greater than 10 deg, a change course warning will appear under MSG.


RAIMRAIM

Minimum satellites required: 4 (or 3 with baro-aiding)Minimum satellites required for RAIM: 5 (or 4 with baro-aiding)RAIM prediction forecasts availability of RAIM

RAIM prediction is automatically done prior to arming the approach at the FAF.


SUMMARYSUMMARY• NAV2 (map) and NAV1 (default) are the most frequently used pages.• Program flight plan prior to departure. Include anticipated approach. Multiple

approaches cannot be programmed.• Program separate flight plan for the alternate airport.• During flight, monitor NAV2 (map screen) for DTK and Distance.• DIRECT can be used anytime to bypass a segment, or to navigate to

somewhere else.• If expected approach is cleared, GPS will automatically activate the approach

and arm the APR mode (higher CDI sensitivity)• If cleared for a different approach, select and activate that approach using

PROC (which will present a direct navigation to that IAF).• Use PROC if a different transition is desired (vectors to final).• Auto sequence will be suspended at the MAP. Activate auto sequencing if a

missed approach is necessary.• For published holds, entry method will be suggested, and auto sequence will

be suspended. Outbound and inbound legs will be automatically timed (in NAV1)

• VOR/LOC and COM frequencies can be automatically loaded from thedatabase into standby.

Garmin GNS 430 Navigation Training - Andrew - · PDF file1/113 6/14/2004 Andrew Sarangan Garmin GNS 430. Navigation Training. Andrew Sarangan. CFII

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