中国成与 资调研报告 2013年6月定稿 Rena Lau 编 全球化监察 亚洲基本工资联盟
!
!
20136
Rena Lau
!
!: 2009 !(Race to Bottom)() ! ! !!! !!. !2000WTO !1949-1979 1970194938 179,0001
745,000 !
!1
Larry D. Qiu, China TexFle and Clothing Industry, HKUST, 2005, hPp://s3.amazonaws.com/1
zanran_storage/www.bm.ust.hk/ContentPages/18112599.pdf
http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.bm.ust.hk/ContentPages/18112599.pdf
(1950-1955) 2
197824.31 3!19792000 19791979198213.2() !!2000 200020011111(WTO)20041221 30 (Multi-Fibre Arrangement) 2005 3197 4
10 (T ) 2005 2008 8 12.5 5
7.5% 2005 2008 6!2008200952009 5 11%
!2
, , , 1995, 2
http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64184/64186/66660/4493007.html
200812, , 200911, http://3
monitor.textiles.org.tw/result/9712.doc
, 20102, http://4
www.globalmon.org.hk/sites/default/files/attachment/postmfa-report_finalcn19022010.pdf
45
46
http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64184/64186/66660/4493007.html
78% 7!20122,578.1 3%108
20112,512.520.1%61% 1,532.4 9!!. !
!3
()
(A+B) (A) (B) (C+D) (C ) (D)
1978 *24.31 17.23 7.08 1.89 1.88 0.02
1980 41.65 25.4 16.25 11.47 11 0.47
1985 61.3 36.8 24.5 20.54 20.4 0.14
1990 168.88 72.19 96.69 53.4 52.92 0.48
1995 379.67 139.18 240.49 118.83 109.14 9.69
2000 522.06 161.35 360.71 140.24 128.32 11.92
2005 1,152.13 410.50 741.63 171.32 155.03 16.29
2006 1,440.71 486.83 953.88 180.82 163.58 17.24
2007 1,712.06 559.68 1,152.38 186.21 166.45 19.76
2008 1,896.24 698.34 119.90 186.46 163.71 22.75
2009 1,670.24 599.73 1070.51 Nil 149.70 Nil
2010 2,120.01 825.23 1294.78 202.20 178.05 25.15
2011 2,512.50 980.10 1532.40 230.40 190.30 40.10
2012 2,549.80 958.00 1591.80 244.60 199.40 45.20
2013 411.70 150.67 260.98 35.70 28.14 7.53(12)
: (, ) 47
, 2012, http://ttf.textiles.org.tw/ 8
8.9
http://ttf.textiles.org.tw/Textile/TTFroot/2012%25E5%25B9%25B41~12%25E6%259C%2588%25E7%25B4%25A1%25E7%25B9%2594%25E5%2593%2581%25E9%2580%25B2%25E5%2587%25BA%25E5%258F%25A3%25E8%25B2%25BF%25E6%2598%2593-%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%2599%25B8.pdf
. !40%50%10% OEM 10
1050200517.5% 11!
(2012) NO.20.6914 12 !!. !20043970% : 13
14!
!!
. 20121-12
(%)
1 267.28
2 53.72 20.10
3 39.50 14.78
4 7.34 13.67
5 5.33 13.49
6 161.38 37.96
:
!4
, , 2012103http://10
info.wenweipo.com/index.php?action-viewnews-itemid-51608
, 11
, http://training.ttri.org.tw/dailynews/newsview.php?newsnum=7661
1420111212http://12
www.hkcd.com.hk/content/2011-12/12/content_2862993.htm
2003/2004 13
, 200614
http://www.hkcd.com.hk/content/2011-12/12/content_2862993.htmhttp://training.ttri.org.tw/dailynews/newsview.php?newsnum=7661
. !65%20112011 !20124.520114.295%2012149.992011 !!!
!!
:
2011 2012 2011 2012
%
%
'
/
%
'
/
%
31731
-12% 31411 -1% 4.29 34% 4.5 5%
:
20910
-1% 20939 0% 3.42 20% 3.72 9%
10122
-4% 9746 -4% 5.93 21% 5.95 0.30%
17 -23% 15 -12% 115.49 32% 146.99 27%
682 -84% 710 4% 3.98 697% 4.9 5%
:
!5
. !
!!2015
2005
1 5 1 9
1.2072010
1.053
2015
9,490 15
1524
20101.06
20159200 (
) 16
17!1/5 809018
!4040
18-2525
!6
, 2012-7-16, http://15
www.hrac.org.cn/CN/viewnews/20120716/2012716113148.htm
201228http://www.mpfinance.com/16
htm/finance/20120208/Columnist/edx_edx.htm
2012-07-16 http://17
www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1021/6/8/8/102168820_2.html?coluid=7&kindid=0&docid=102168820&mdate=0716113549
201334http://18
news.hexun.com.tw/2013-03-04/151676090.html
http://news.hexun.com.tw/2013-03-04/151676090.htmlhttp://www.mpfinance.com/htm/finance/20120208/Columnist/edx_edx.htm
!2011 ! !
: 19
!!. !20121-122492510.1%1117.23.7%2012104.8%82% 20!2012Capital Business Credit4 (Uniqlo)21
70% (Nike)200140%22
13%200536%
2010 2011 2012201
3
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
()
62.3
68.5
72.3
80.4
88.1
43.0
66.78
69.6
71.8
52.2
71.9
72.4
90.8
()
3.85
4.02
4.14.2
44.1
44.3
83.7
NA
3.17
3.29
3.29
3.35
3.15
:
hPp://big5.ce.cn/gate/big5/www.ce.cn/cysc/ztpd/zszl/index.shtml
!7
http://big5.ce.cn/gate/big5/www.ce.cn/cysc/ztpd/19
zszl/index.shtml
2012 , CTA , 17/01/2013 20
http://www.adsalecta.com/Publicity/Mobile/MarketNews/lang-trad/article-67002231/Article.aspx
40% of luxury brands to shift manufacturing away from China( 421
), Want China Times, 2012-10-11, http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?cid=1202&id=20121011000085
, , , 2013.05.02 http://udn.com/NEWS/22
MAINLAND/MAI3/7869572.shtml#ixzz2SfRwOqU7Power%20By%20udn.com
http://big5.ce.cn/gate/big5/www.ce.cn/cysc/ztpd/zszl/index.shtmlhttp://big5.ce.cn/gate/big5/www.ce.cn/cysc/ztpd/zszl/index.shtmlhttp://www.adsalecta.com/Publicity/Mobile/MarketNews/lang-trad/article-67002231/Article.aspx
26%200936%201037%34% Coach23
adidas201210 !LV(Vuitton), H&M Zara 30Zara 10% !(adidas), (Nike) Nike, 05OEM(Shenzhou International Group Holdings Limited)OEMUniqlo, Itochu, Itokin Ito-Yokado, Nike, Adidas, Puma, Fila and Mizuno !!!. !: 30
30
!
! 3 24
T
.
!8
201261 23
2012-06-01 hPp://finance.sina.com.hk/news/-29-4916763/1.html
Winz, 2013-05-02 http://big5.ycwb.com/money/24
2013-05/02/content_4435174.htm
http://finance.sina.com.hk/news/-29-4916763/1.htmlhttp://big5.ycwb.com/money/2013-05/02/content_4435174.htm
!A. !200312302004312013(830)790 !15501010540 !!B. ! !
!100%1980-201132(CPI) 4199819992002, 200943020012011CPI 33%2003 !
:
%2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
545 580 640 730 800 800 960 1160 1260 1400 156.88%
635 690 750 840 960 960 1120 1280 1450 1620 155.12%
400 400 580 580 680 680 680 870 1050 1050 162.50%
610 690 810 850 1000 1000 1100 1320 1500 1600 162.30%
510 684 780 780 860 860 1030 1300 1300 1550 203.92%
450 470 650 750 750 750 900 1100 1200 1200 166.67%
620 670 750 850 960 960 1100 1310 1310 1470 137.10%
620 690 750 750 850 850 960 1140 1320 1320 112.90%
410 530 590 610 760 760 920 1100 1240 1380 236.59%
!9
2 !2012(2011201513%40% 25!C. !201320131500459532% 26 27
201316006% 13% ()28
20003000 50008000250029
11302.2 !!D. ()() !E. !
!10
50% 23%
77%
2011-2015, http://big5.china.com.cn/policy/txt/2012-02/08/25
content_24584303.htm
26
30%35%40%
2013-02-26http://27
www.chinadevelopmentbrief.org.cn/ngo_talkview.php?id=3989
28
29
http://big5.china.com.cn/policy/txt/2012-02/08/content_24584303.htm
36 ! 30
80, 90 !F. !FIDH 20112010180000 31
32
!(): 33
20125 34! !
!11
ILO, Decent work agenda , ILO PromoFon on Decent Work on October 7 every year 30
hPp://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/decent-work-agenda/lang--en/index.htm
FIDH, http://www.fidh.org/31
article13273-13273
22.32
Rena lau, , http://33
globalmon.pixelactionstudio.com/content/new-publication-restructuring-honda-auto-parts-union-guongdong-china-2-year-assessment-2010
, , 2013-03-01 http://www.chengbiancun.com/34
2013/0301/28418.html
!G. !1994 3535
20082012920.8973761.8 36!20 37!2012163160 !H. ! !Walmart 33 38
!:
!12
: http://big5.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zwgk/2005-08/15/35
content_22926.htm
, , http://big5.xinhuanet.com/36
gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2013-05/01/c_115600931.htm
3737
38
:
! !
60%652000 39!10523 ! !7IS09000 !
2008 1 24 71
20092422
201212 4 14 !201212194 !!
!13
14: 2012121304:29 http://39
news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2012-12-13/042925798810.shtml
http://news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2012-12-13/042925798810.shtml
!2013485(4) 4016 23 4016 311() E35 !: ! ! 40!! !300040001500400050007000800070008000() !
!14
40
() !
!! !()2000 41!: ! !812167102 !:
() 1500-3000 4000-5000 7000-8000
,
!15
, 14 20121208, 41
http://www.chinanews.com/fz/2012/12-08/4393216.shtml
http://www.chinanews.com/fz/2012/12-08/4393216.shtml
!:
! !2000()(124) ! !D () !!!!!!!!!
: 812 (4) : 16 (5) (): 710 (3)
!16
!!() !!!!!!
!!!!!! () !!!!!!
!!!!! () !!!!!!
!17
! () !: 1. 2. 3.
4. ! !A() !! ! 1.
2. 3. 4. !! !7A
!18
()D7912 !1416 !A205D ! !1. 2. 7 3. 4. ! !:
!2332.8A3628005000D36280040004000 !!
A B C D
1500 2000 1500-4000 1500-4000
11000 4000-5000 8000 7000
5000-8000 2000-3000 8000 6500
!19
H&M ! Hop Lun Fashion Fty (Dongguan) ! !70 4243! !H&M ()6ix8ight ()1993 2002Hoplun International Fashion Co., Ltd.) !2000-300030 ! !201348 : 1. A 2. B A 3. C 4. D 5. E 6. F 7. G 8. H 9. I !
!20
, 3, []1082 ,(2008811) 43
http://www.businessweekly.com.tw/KWebArticle.aspx?id=34075
! !
75.5362600 ! !511131011.29/15/0.87.53/ 11.29/44
15.05/0.52600 !150/()110 503045
15 !AB3000400026002600 !260013102: !
()
7451145 4
115-515 4
() 545-745 2
()
7451145 115-515
8
!21
21.75: 44
=21.758
45
!200: 46!C2600150C30004000 ! ! ! 15 !C: I ! !802332.8 !
: 1310 : 11.29x 21.75x 2=491.12 : 15.05() x 4x 8= 481.6 : 75.5 x 0.8=60.4 : 50 : 2396.32(203.68)
!22
2012310: http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/46
392985278.html
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/392985278.html
!2600 ! !
!!
1 1;336
287236
2
3
1515
4
5
6
7
!23
: ! ! !1980 47
: Falcon Babywears Manufacturing Ltd1980 :
1. Walmart (USA) 28%
2. John Lowis ( UK) 22%
3. Tesco ( UK) 12%
4. Sainsbury ( UK)
5. Coles (Aus)
6. Debenhams (UK)
7. Disney
:
!!!
// 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
30005000+
!24
200211647
319
! !:
201336600238
5 !! 41 45 39 22 23 !!!
320
! 10 :
!25
!1. 6002 1315. 2. 3141048
3. 4. 5. 6. 402-3 7. 8. 10 9. !10. 3931618 !(): http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6cc630bd0101aeap.html ! !NGO, 517NGO
April 5 & April 28, 2013
2013454283(12) ! 950 5.453000360-370() !
!26
48
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6cc630bd0101aeap.html
!1535 ! !8122671030 !:
!: !
-,
(/) 2000-3000 3000-
,
80-100
()
8:0012:00 4
2:00-6:00 4
() 7:00-1030
3.5
()
7451145 115-515
8
23 2012
1. , !
9505.45/ 230(56)9003.48/
2.
,
3
4
!27
!362800 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !28
2014 !
%
201411
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
545 580 640 730 800 800 960 1160 1260 1400 156.88% 1560 635 690 750 840 960 960 1120 1280 1450 1620 155.12% 1820 400 400 580 580 680 680 680 870 1050 1050 162.50% 1250-1150 610 690 810 850 1000 1000 1100 1320 1500 1600 162.30% 1808 510 684 780 780 860 860 1030 1300 1300 1550 203.92% 1550-1110 450 470 650 750 750 750 900 1100 1200 1200 166.67% 1320-950 620 670 750 850 960 960 1100 1310 1310 1470 137.10% 1650-1220 620 690 750 750 850 850 960 1140 1320 1320 112.90% 1320-1100 410 530 590 610 760 760 920 1100 1240 1380 236.59% 1500-1200