Garland-Buford HouseThe Garland-Buford House represents the height of sawnwork inventivenes in the county during the mid-nineteenth century boom era of tobacco prosperi~y. The large

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMen OF THE INTERIOR NI, TI ONAl PAR ~ SE RVI CE

ION GI R INV NTO

(Type all entries - complete applicable sections)

Garland-Buford House ",..iDlOR HtSrO.RIC:

~I orth Carolina COUNTY;

. CaS1A[B 11 FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY DATE

[2; .. l_OCA T j O:...:N-.:..·..-.· _..;.,.,..,...:...-..-"-..:.:...... __ --.:.... _____ --'-~_._.:..:__"'___~._..:...'"'__'____'___'_~ ____ '___' .. :_.: .• ~: --'-~--'--..;...-----'=--1 ISTREE-.= AND NUMBER: I Southeast side of S .. R. 1561 0.1 mi. northeast of Osmond at CITY OR TOWN:

f __ -.-l:~9-SbUrg vicini ty STATE

North Carolina

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:Second

The Hon. ~.~F_o~u=n~t~a~i=n~ ____ r-' __ ~ COUNTY:

J:::L ASS! FIe AT IO~ .. . .' -,-~_.:.... ----::--.:---.:..---~-'-----..:...:.~~~--"-..:.:.r-'--"'-'-'-~-.:.-.."'---'---'-."_r--~~---:.~I '-CATEGORY~

- (Check One) , 1-------o District !XI Build;.,g 0 Public

o Site 0 Structure

STATUS. _ ACCE5SiBLE

TO THE PUBUC ----CJ Occupied Yes:

0 Unoccupied 0 Rest~ic::ted Privote

Public Acquisition:

o In Process

o Object o Both o Being Considered rn Preservation work 0 Unres tri cled

i n pro 9 roe S 5 []j No

PRESEN T USE (Check One or Mor", as Appropriate)

0 Agri cu Itura' 0 Government 0 Por~ 0 Trans portoli on o Comments

[J Commercial 0 Industrial ~ Private Residence o Other (Spe3cily)

[J Educational 0 Military 0 ·Religious --------0 Entertainment 0 Museum 0 Scientific ------

STREET AND NUMBER:

. ':'<--~::.':J'\.J 0 g

~ ~I ~ ~

---------------------------------------,------------------------ ~ env OR TOWN, STATE c~ ~

Yanceyville North ~~~-~~~~~~~~~---~

f~~ .. : f(EF.ill.~t4! ,\J.IQ,~ iN E X 1ST IN G SU_R __ V __ E~Y_$_ .. _--'"---'--____ -'--___ ._ .... ::~: .. ::?::::<::::<>:::: :: .... : TITLE OF SURVEY;

II " !------------.:..----------------.-=--..,.----------- ---------------------+--t -< 0 o Fede.r.:ll 0 Stotfo 0 County 0 Local Z :;0 DATE OF SURVEY:

-----.--------------------------- ------------------~ C z DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS:

STREET AI-JD NUMBER:

CITY OR TOWN;

3:: -0 W VI

rn C ;;iJ V'

m o ____________________ . ___ -._~____ z r,"'E' 1 CODE r-7 ~

~--------~--------------------------------------~ -I rn

I -, / I

i ! I I i f

PION (Check One)

fJ Deleri orated 0 Ruins 0 Unexposed --------------------------------~

(Check One)

o Good [Zl Fair o Excel I~ent -------CONDiTION

(Check One)

rn Altered o Unaltered [l Moved Q9 Origipol Site ~--

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

The Garland-Buford House represents the height of sawnwork inventivenes in the county during the mid-nineteenth century boom era of tobacco prosperi~y. The large two-story re c tan gular house, three bays wide and two deep, is se t on a full raised basement of fieldstone and brick. Plain lapped Siding covers the house, with flush sh~athing beneath the front and rear porches. Two large interior brick chimneys with round-headed panels and molded caps rise from the standing-seal'll tin hip roof. Exuberant sawnwork articulates the doors) windmvs, eaves and porches.

The main entrance) in the center bay of the main (northwest) facade, consists of a double door with oval flat panels surrounded by an irregularly paned transom and sidelights. Beneath the side~ights on each side is a single flat panel. Flanking the door and sidelights are fluted tapering pilasters wi th curved sawn capi tals extending be hv-een the transom pane s to support a wide scalloped lintel. The second story entrance is similar but lacks a transom, and the flanking pilasters are accented with lozenge orname At the rear is a similar central double door entrance, and in the bay to the east of this entrance is a single door with simpler trim. Large, nearly floor-length six-over-six sash windovvs illuminate the house. Each window

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has sav-m"tvork scalloped horizontal muntins and is set within a fluted surroun 1 z tv-ith plain corner blocks, a pointed-:arched li~tel, and louwred shutters. TI1e eaves form a wide overhang over the plain frieze board and are punc-tuated by paired pendant brackets.

The richest ornament, derived from a trefoil motif, is concentrated on the front and rear porche s of the house. The front three -bay two-story pedimented porch is set on brick piers with segmentally-aTched opanings infilled with latticed brick. Flat-paneled posts support both levels. The sav-Tnwork porch balustrades and the frieze ornament between the upper porch posts at both levels are identical, the rectangular design in each bay con~· sisting of tapering boards ext.ending from four directions, each. terminating in a trefoil shape at the center. At the top of the balustrades and at the bottom of the upper porch ornament is a scalloped and trefoliated border .. From the molded cornice beh"een the two porch levels, a drip course identicar­to these borders is suspended. The cornice ,treatment of the main block is continued around the facade porch. The flush-sheathed tJ~panum is accented by an elaborate snoHflake -shape d sawm-Jork vent. A one -s tory porch extends the entire length of the rear elevation. The site slopes at the rear, and high brick piers support the porch.. The shed roof, wi th cornice treatment identical to the main cornice, is supported by plain Doric posts, and an identical balustrade and upper porch ornament enclose this porch.

Beneath the main rear entrance is the bas'3ment entrance) a double flat­panele d door Hi th a plain archi tra '1,/13 • Six-pane c aseme nt wind O'V'TS, prate c te d on the exterior by horizontal diagonally set slats, illu:''Tlinate the bas8P"Bnt. A grani te drainage trough surrounds the front three sides of the house.

The house has a center c8nter hall at both le vels.

11a11 pIal1 t"t~]O rooms deep, wi tJh &."1 llilusllally 1ivide Th3 wide stair T·ri th curvilinear bracke ts

ornamenting the open string rises in two flights against the northeast hall 'Vvall. Beneath the stair) a sin~).e flight deSCends to the basement. The

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Form 10-3000 (Jul, 19(9)

(Number all entries)

7.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THt: INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

ON R

(Continuation Sheet)

RIC

FORM

STATE

North Carolina COUNTY

CasvT8ll FOR NPS USE ONLY

..,-----1 ENTRY NUMBER DATE

stair railing and all the mantels were taken from the house, although the out­line of the mantels, which matches that of the scalloped and trefoliated drip courses of the porches, is visible.. The remainder of the original interior finish is intact, and is equal in inventiveness, charm and high quality to the exterior ornament. Throughout the house are high molded baseboards, vdrticall paneled doors, pilasters supporting entablatures at each door and window, and doors, niches, or closets flanking the fireplace in each room. The openings are surrounded by plain, scalloped or symmetrically molded pilasters which support serpentine entablatures, arched entablatures, or entablatures con­taining the same trefoliatGd design which spans the porch bays. This trim is consistent wi thin each room, but different from room to room wi th the exceptior of the two rooms southwest of the hall, which have identical trim. These are the only fully connecting rooms, for on each side of the chimney are three openings--a ceiling-height opening on each side and a shorter double door surmounted by a: colored glass transom in the parti tion wall.

The second floor was never finished. The rear room on the northeast side is unplastered, the hall contains only one thin coat of plaster, and the v-Tood­Hark never recei ved a finish coat. The center ceiling joist of the hall is exposed, and scalloped ornament similar to the pilaster trim is applied to the three visible faces. On each side of the chimney in each of the four bedchamb, rs on this floor is a closet v-n th a double door. Panels beneath the closet doors and the windrnvs match the architraves in each room.

The basement is also unfinished, vli th bare stone and brick ~\Talls, un­plas tered parti tion walls, and dirt floprs.. A room is parti tione d off in each rear corner, and the remainder of the asement is unparti tioned. Several of the door frames have symmetrically mol ed archi traves. At the front and rear of each chimney, constructed of fields one to the first floor level, is a small fireplace wi th a large grani te 1 ntel.

()-r-~-

GPO 921·724

r Gr~IFICANCE (Cbeck One or ,'Hore as Appropriate)

o Pre-Columbian: o 16th Century

o 15," Century o 17th Century

SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicabfe and Known) It)? 7 AAJ::::AS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More BS Appropriate)

Abor iginol 0 Educetion

0 Prehi s tori c 0 Engineering

0 Historic 0 Industry

0 Agriculture 0 Invention

00 Architecture 0 Landscape

0 Art Architecture

0 Commerce 0 Literature

0 Communications 0 Military

0 Conservation 0 Music

S TAT E:M EN T 0 F 5 I G N I F I CAN C E

0 0

0 0 0

0 0

o 18th Century

CZl 19th Century

Politicol

Religion/Phi-

losop),y

Science

Sculpture

Socia I/Humon-

ilarian

Theoter

Transportation

o 20th Century

0 Urbon Plonning

0 Oth~r (Specify)

The Garland-Buford House is a flamboyant bracketed Victorian dwelling, \i-n th some of the most invanti ve and exuberant sawnwork ornament in North Carolina, epitomizing the liberation of Victorian taste by the development

~ of the power saw.

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The fact that the house was never comple tely finished on the interior' raises unanswered questions about the events surrounding its constr~ction. According to a local tradition, the house was constructed for the builder's fiancee, who cancelled the marriage plans, and the house was ne ver comple te c Dr. John T. Garland, a wealthy Caswell County physician, owned the land on which the house stands from 1835 to his death in 1873, the period during "'Thich the house was buil t. Hmvever, Garland inhabi ted a large residence in Milton, and is not known to have lived in this house. Garland owned ninety slaves by 1863, and it is probable that he farmed this ~rco Creek tract.

Deeds are the only known documents relating to the history of the house. The house had been erected by 1877, for in that year it appe aI'S on a subdivision plat map contained in a deed and is mentioned in the deed itself. V .. C. Neblett, daughter of Dr. Garland, inherited the 1,250 acre ! HYco tract from her father and in this deed gave her daughter Belle P. . I Epes and her husband Thomas G. Epes 451 8/100 acres of the tract, including the dH811ing house a.nd outbuildings. In 1903, following the death of Thomas Epas and Belle's remarriage, she sold the house and land, described as "originally known as part of the Garland Tract upon which the late Thomas G. Epes lived," to Preston Buford. FolloHing Buford's death in the 1920s a succession of short-term mvners possessed the farm, and i t ~,r2.S

finally s old in 1960, to the Burruss Land and Lumber Company. In the la toe 1960s the farm Has sold to the Carolina Pmver and Light Company, and it Has bought in 1972 by Mr. and Mrs. O. Guy Hill \ 0: Gas tonia . 'rh3 house, vlhich had b'3en li.'1inhabi ted for a number of years, is n01,T being rest:)red.

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S:-~aJ'ch and 'architectural description by Ruth Li ttle Stokes, survey special at C3,mll"B11 COill1ty Records, Cas1,ve11 County Courthouse, Yanceyville, North Carolilla,

Of fice of the Register of Deeds (Subgroups CaS1'11ell County Deeds, Tax Lists, Superior Court Special Proceedings, 1877).

CaslnTell County Record~) Diyisi9n ,oJ Archives and Histor~, Raleigh, North ' , .Carolina (Subgroups: Caswell County Deeds, Tax Lists, Superior Court

Special Proceedings, 1877).

... FlO,. CEOGRAPHH~'C~A~L~D~A~T.!.A:"-----"-~ _____ ~~_TI" --f--'-.....:..-~~~:-;-::;:-:-~~~-~ .. j( .. . ~"'iD""i~~. '3R[)iN~m~:':""""::"'" ~ L'TITU[)E ANC' L0NGIT'JDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND L ()NGITUDE COORDINATEs 0 DEFINING TI-t", (..t::.,..,;T:='R POIN I OF A ?"OPERTV

.

DEFINING A R'ECTANGLE LOCATING THE PRooERTY OF LESS THAN TFN ACRES

-------~-------------------.-------------------CORNER

NW NE

SE sw

LA TITU DE LONGI TUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds o o

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APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMI~N~A~T~E~D~P~~RO~P~E~R~T~~V:: _____ ~~~a:c~r~e~s~~~~~~~~~~~~~ __ ~' _____ ~~~ ·-----..,..------A-~·-D COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES IL 1ST ALL S TAT E S ""

STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE . STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE

STATE: ) CODE COUNTY: CODE

....

NAME AND TI TL E:

Survey and p1anning_u~n1iJt~--------------------________ ~ _______ 1~~~ ____________ 1 I--OF<GA'NIZATION DATE

24 October 1qT3 Division of Archives and History STREET AND NUMBER:

109 East Jones Street CITY OR TOWN: 3'7 I North Carol-i na. .. . ....... .. . Ra1 .. B.l.' gh. ...... '. . .. '----~,~. ,...,--.. .",..., .... ~ ..~.~~m:.¥!:~~~~;:::::-';-;:. :;-;:;~--;-;;~;::-;:nn;:t:~:<0;'!

STATE CODE

@~: SOl AT ELI MSON· OF-F'lCE RC to: RTI FICA ltON .. ?:;:;; t:;':';H A T I ON A L'R c GlST ERV c RJF fCATtoN: .

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na­

tional Hisloric Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law

89-665), I hereby nominate this property for incl~sion

in the National Register and ce~tify that it h?s been

p.v£llu3ted according to the c-iteria and proceclu res set

forth by the National Park SerVIce. The recommended

level of signiJicance of this nomlnation'is:

National 0 State [S Local 0

Name -H.-a-,. -4J~4-n8J----A+=-t~---.:.---=-----T.itle

Date

Direstor, Division of Ar'lch-i Yes and History

24 Octobsr 1973

• I hereby certify that this property is included in the

Netional Register,

Director, O£lice; of A.i'cheolo~y and Historic PresdrvaUon

ATTEST:

Keeper of The National Register

Date ___________________________________ ~ __ _

L-._' __ ========.--..-----------.----J~-~* U,S, G:lVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1973-729-147/1442 3-'

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