1 Prevention Psychiatry Prevention Psychiatry What is it? What is it? Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry Committee on Prevention, 2006-2007 David Pruitt, M.D., Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H., Carol Koplan, M.D., Rebecca Powers, M.D., M.P.H., Larry Wissow, M.D., M.P.H., Anthony Charuvastra, M.D.*, Christopher Oleskey, M.D., M.P.H.* * Ginsberg GAP Fellows The Committee gratefully acknowledges the work of former members, including Daniel Z. Lieberman, M.D. and James MacIntyre, M.D. December 2007
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Prevention PsychiatryPrevention PsychiatryWhat is it?What is it?
Group for the Advancement of PsychiatryCommittee on Prevention, 2006-2007
David Pruitt, M.D., Michael T. Compton, M.D., M.P.H.,Carol Koplan, M.D., Rebecca Powers, M.D., M.P.H.,
Larry Wissow, M.D., M.P.H.,Anthony Charuvastra, M.D.*, Christopher Oleskey, M.D., M.P.H.*
* Ginsberg GAP Fellows
The Committee gratefully acknowledges the work of formermembers, including Daniel Z. Lieberman, M.D. and James MacIntyre, M.D.
December 2007
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DefinitionDefinition
Prevention psychiatry is the reduction of mental disorders and behavioral problems by
A) Identifying risk and protective
factors, and
B) Applying evidence-based
interventions.
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Prevention ExamplesPrevention Examples
Reduction of specific disorders– Substance abuse, depression, PTSD
Reduction of risky behaviors– Substance use, unsafe sex
Reduction of negative outcomes– Suicide, teen pregnancy, school dropout,
delinquencyPromotion of mental health and wellness
Incorporate knowledge of risk and protective factors into clinical practice.
Promote awareness of the benefits of prevention.
Consult with schools and community agencies. Collaborate with prevention groups to work
together at reducing common risk factors and promoting protective factors.
Roles for Mental Health ProfessionalsRoles for Mental Health Professionals
References World Health Organization. Prevention of Mental Disorders: Effective
Interventions and Policy Options. Summary Report: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/924159215X.pdf.
World Health Organization. Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging Evidence, Practice. Summary Report: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591595.pdf.
Hosman C, Jane Llopis E, Saxena S, Eds. Prevention of Mental Disorders: Effective Interventions and Policy Options. Oxford University Press, 2005.
Mrazek PJ, Haggerty RJ, Eds. Reducing the Risk for Mental Disorders: Frontiers for Preventive Intervention Research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994.
Kellermann AL, Rivara FP. Suicide in the home in relation to gun ownership. N Engl J Med 1992;327:467-472.
Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Miller JY. Communities that Care: Risk-focused Prevention Using Social Development Strategies, Development Research and Programs, Inc. Psycholog Bull 1993;112:1-23.
Durlak JA. Common risk and protective factors in successful prevention programs. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1998;68:512-520.
References Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, et al. Relationship
of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med 1998;14:245-258.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services (2007). Promotion and Prevention in Mental Health: Strengthening Parenting and Enhancing Child Resilience, DHHS Publication No. CMHS-SVP-0175. Rockville, MD.
Markman HJ, Renick MJ, Floyd FJ, et al. Preventing marital distress through communication and conflict management training: A 4- and 5-year follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993;61:70-77.
Olweus D. Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1994;35:1171-1190.
Dolan LJ, Kellam SG, et al. The short-term impact of two classroom-based preventive interventions on aggressive and shy behaviors and poor achievement. J Applied Devel Psychol 1993;14:317-345.
Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Kosterman R, et al. Preventing adolescent health-risk behaviors by strengthening protection during childhood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999;153:226-234.
Cullen KJ, Cullen AM. Long-term follow-up of the Busselton six-year controlled trial of prevention of children’s behavior disorders. J Pediatr 1996;129:136-139.
References Baer JS, Kivlahan DR, Blume AW, et al. Brief intervention for heavy-
drinking college students: 4-year follow-up and natural history. Am J Public Health 2001;91:1310-16.
Vachon ML, Lyall WA, Rogers J, et al. A controlled study of self-help intervention for widows. Am J Psychiatry 1980;137:1380-1384.
Beardslee WR. Out of the Darkened Room: When a Parent is Depressed: Protecting the Children and Strengthening the Family. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Company, 2002.
McGorry PD, Yung AR, Phillips LJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interventions designed to reduce the risk of progression to first-episode psychosis in a clinical sample with subthreshold symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:921-928.
Compton MT, McGlashan MD, McGorry PH. Toward prevention approaches for schizophrenia: An overview of prodromal states, the duration of untreated psychosis, and early intervention paradigms. Psychiatr Ann 2007;37:340-348.
Addington J, Francey S, Morrison AP (Eds.) Working with People at High Risk of Developing Psychosis: A Treatment Handbook. Wiley, 2007.
Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry (GAP) website: http://www.groupadpsych.org.
Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry
The Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry (GAP) was founded in 1946 by a group of physicians under the dynamic leadership of the late Dr. William C. Menninger. Their wartime experiences had brought them to realize the urgency of greater public awareness of the need for new programs in mental health for the people of the United States.
Over the ensuing years, GAP has had a tremendous influence in shaping psychiatric thinking, public programs, and clinical practice in mental health. It continues today to pioneer the exploration of issues and ideas on the frontiers of psychiatry and in applying psychiatric insights into the general medical, social, and interpersonal problems of our times.
GAP analyzes significant data in psychiatry and human relations, reevaluates old concepts, develops new ones, and applies this knowledge for the advancement of mental health.