Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability The definition of a formal ontological framework aimed at semantic interoperability: the case for fisheries domain Aldo Gangemi 1 , Frehiwot Fisseha 2 , Johannes Keizer 2 , Marc Taconet 4 , Ian Pettman 3 , Domenico M. Pisanelli 1 1 Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technology, CNR (National Research Council), Rome, Italy {gangemi,pisanelli}@ip.rm.cnr.it , http://ontology.ip.rm.cnr.it 2 FAO-GILW, Rome, Italy {Frehiwot.Fisseha, Johannes.Keizer}@fao.org , http://www.fao.org 3 One Fish, SIFAR, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, UK, ip @ceh.ac. uk , http://www.onefish.org 3 4 FIDI, FAO, Rome, Italy, Marc .Taconet@fao. org , http://www.fao.org
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Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability The definition of a formal ontological framework.
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Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
The definition of a formal ontological framework aimed at semantic
interoperability: the case for fisheries domain
Aldo Gangemi1, Frehiwot Fisseha2, Johannes
Keizer2, Marc Taconet4, Ian Pettman3, Domenico M. Pisanelli1
1 Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technology, CNR (National Research Council), Rome, Italy {gangemi,pisanelli}@ip.rm.cnr.it, http://ontology.ip.rm.cnr.it2 FAO-GILW, Rome, Italy {Frehiwot.Fisseha,Johannes.Keizer}@fao.org, http://www.fao.org3 One Fish, SIFAR, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, UK, [email protected], http://www.onefish.org3
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Ontology Merging Guidelines
Basic steps in the ONIONS/OntoClean Methodologies
DesignLibrary
Architecture
Deconstruct ExistingSources
Collect|integ.Ontology
DevelopmentResources
Create andDecompose
Glosses
AxiomatiseOntologyElements
Refine Informal
Relationships
Refine Taxonomy,
Define Rules
LexicaliseOntologyElements
Opt: MapReused
Ontologies
RefineLibrary
DecomposeTerms into
DependencyStructures
Assign Term Meaning to
OntologyElements
Assign OCT Taxonomical
Position & Meta-property
Iterate forNew Elementsfrom Glosses
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Preliminary fisheries ontology library
Domain ontologies
Representationontology
Upperontology
Coreontology
Geographicontology
Speciesontology
Institutionsontology
Fishingdevicesontology
Fishing andfarming
techniquesontology
Farmingsystemsontology
Fisheryregulationsontology
Fisherymanagement
ontology
BiologicalontologyDevices
ontology
Legalontology Management
ontology
external theories:
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
oneFish topic trees (worldviews)
Administration
Subjects Ecosystem
Geography Species
Stakeholders
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
What is being done for fast prototyping a FOS-based system (1)
• Choosing and installing an ontology server• Translating the most conceptually transparent
portions of the resources into formal logic-based languages
• Building a preliminary core-level ontology wrt OCT upper ontology and FIGIS composite concepts
• Cleaning ontology building data to populate domain ontologies (next slide)
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Aquaculture in AGROVOC
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Aquaculture in ASFA
Aquaculture
BrackishwaterAquaculture
MarineAquaculture
AquacultureDevelopment
AquacultureFacilities
BROADERTERM
BROADERTERM
RELATEDTERM
RELATEDTERM
FreshwaterAquaculture
AquacultureEconomics
AquacultureEngineering
BROADERTERM
RELATEDTERM
RELATEDTERM
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Aquaculture in oneFish
Aquaculture
AquacultureEconomics
AquaculturePlanning
Subject
AquacultureDevelopment
SUBTOPICSUBTOPIC
SUBTOPIC
SUBTOPIC
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Aquaculture in FIGIS (composites)
Aquaculture Resource
Water Area
land
strains
Specieslife cycle
Farming system
management system
Production center
Spawning technique
Breeding technique
Hatchery technique
Expl. form
Regulation
Farming technique
Environment
Institution
Health monitoring technique
diseases
suppliers
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
FOS development (2)
• BT/NT are transformed into taxonomies; e.g.: SUBSUMES(c1,c2), provided that c1 \ c2 according to upper ontology?
• RT are transformed into axioms; e.g.: PARTICIPANT(i1,i2), provided that the topmost parents of c1(i1) and c2(i2) are related by PARTICIPANT in the core ontology?
• Topic trees into (preliminary) topic spaces
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Conceptual templates
• Conceptual templates are relevant parts of ontologies that describe the core concepts and relations of a domain (core ontologies)
• Ex. APO, BFQF, etc.
• They can be often discovered from:
• database schemata, forms, elicited know-how
• analysis of systematic polysemy
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
The APO schema
Activity
:Occurrence
1 PARTICIPANT nnnnnn Object
:Entity
1
METHOD
nnnnnn Plan
:MentalObject
(composed)1
INVOLVED-IN
nnnnnn
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Use of APO
• It resulted useful in several domains: • clinical guidelines (planning vs. process
knowledge)• fishery (management vs. intervention knowledge)• banking regulations (legal vs. world knowledge)• possibly extendable to the general problem of control
knowledge• In the third lecture some examples from the banking
domain will be given
• Warn the mereotopological constraints when applying it!
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
The APO schema modified for clinical conditions
Condition
:Occurrence
1 PARTICIPANT nnnnnn Bio.Object
:Object
1
REPRESENTED-BY
nnnnnn Finding
:MentalObject
(composed)1
INVOLVED-IN
nnnnnn
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
APO applied to transactions
Transaction
:Occurrence
1 PARTICIPANT nnnnnn Customer
:Social Object
1
METHOD
nnnnnn Contract
:Information Object
(composed)1
INVOLVED-IN
nnnnnn
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
FOS development (3)
• Producing or reusing glosses (informal descriptions)• Building and refining library architecture• Choosing integration architecture (mediation or merging)• Applying integration, building and active cataloguing
procedures• Building (or reusing) query interface and wrappers to
source dbs
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Fisheries merged information access
A user query is submitted to an interface connected to the Fishery Ontology Server. Interface and Server communicate with a Topic-Based Fishery Information Browser. The browser can either interrogate the source systems, or perform own searches to document corpora. The Server can directly provide information on fishery conceptual structures, terminology, and scope notes.
Gangemi, Fisseha, Keizer, Taconet, Pettman, Pisanelli: A Merged Fishery Ontology for Semantic Interoperability
Web sites
• CNR site with methodology papers and example ontologies: http://ontology.ip.rm.cnr.it
• Agriculture Ontology Service site: http://www.fao.org/agris/aos