CSCI 5530: Serious Games Development (Simulations and Serious Games) 1 Winter 2012 Bill Kapralos CSCI 5530, Winter 2012 Bill Kapralos Winter 2012 Game-Based Learning and Training (cont.) Friday, February 3 2012 Bill Kapralos Overview (1): Before We Begin Administrative details Brief review from last week Why Game-Based Learning Works Overview Something to consider What Players Learning by Playing Video Games Overview Five levels of learning in games Administrative Details (1): No Lecture Next Week (Feb 10) I will be at the Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Conference → the following week I will provide an overview of the MMVR conference I will probably assign some papers from MMVR for those doing presentations “Mid-Term” Projects Some notes/comments
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CSCI 5530: Serious Games Development (Simulations and Serious Games)
1
Winter 2012
Bill Kapralos
CSCI 5530, Winter 2012 Bill Kapralos
Winter 2012
Game-Based Learning and Training (cont.)
Friday, February 3 2012
Bill Kapralos
Overview (1):Before We Begin
Administrative details
Brief review from last week
Why Game-Based Learning Works
Overview
Something to consider
What Players Learning by Playing Video
Games
Overview
Five levels of learning in games
Administrative Details (1):No Lecture Next Week (Feb 10)
I will be at the Medicine Meets Virtual Reality
Conference → the following week I will provide an
overview of the MMVR conference
I will probably assign some papers from MMVR for
those doing presentations
“Mid-Term” Projects
Some notes/comments
CSCI 5530: Serious Games Development (Simulations and Serious Games)
2
Winter 2012
Bill Kapralos
As an Aside
Why Game-Based Learning Works
Overview (1):Today’s Education
The process of learning is rarely the motivating or
engaging factor
There are situations where millennials are
interested and are eager to remain engaged in the
learning process → not the “norm”
Their motivation to put in the effort needed to learn
typically comes from punishment and reward
In contrast, game playing → main reason people
play games is because they are engaging →
computer and video games are possibly the most
engaging pastime in history of mankind!
CSCI 5530: Serious Games Development (Simulations and Serious Games)
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Winter 2012
Bill Kapralos
Overview (2):Today’s Education (cont.)
Video games bring together motivating elements not
found together in any other medium
They are a form of fun → provide enjoyment and
pleasure
They are a form of play → provide intense and
passionate involvement
They have rules → provide structure
They have goals → provide motivation
They are interactive → provide the “doing”
They are adaptive → give us flow
Overview (3):Today’s Education (cont.)
Video games bring together motivating elements not
found together in any other medium (cont.)
They have outcomes and feedback → provides us
with learning
They have win states → provides ego gratification
They have conflict, competition, challenge, and
opposition → provide us with adrenaline
They have problem solving → sparks our creativity
They have interaction → give us social groups
The have characters and story → gives us emotion
Overview (4):Today’s Education (cont.)
Given these factors, combining games and learning
can potentially add enormously to the motivation of
students to learn what they may not be otherwise
motivated to learn → increases their engagement in
the learning process
Strong engagement has been associated with
academic achievement
Fun in learning process creates relaxation →
enables learner to put effort without resentment
Play → we already saw the biological importance
of play in all species!
CSCI 5530: Serious Games Development (Simulations and Serious Games)
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Winter 2012
Bill Kapralos
Overview (5):Today’s Education (cont.)
Games engage and motivate us through their goals
and our struggle to achieve them through the
decisions we make and feedback we get from them
Through the opponents and challenges we have to
overcome, and through the emotions and
connections with others we feel when playing
This is what keeps gamers glued to their
computers and consoles for countless hours
Consciously combining the engaging power of video
games with a set of interactive learning processes
creates digital game based learning (serious games)
Overview (6):Today’s Education (cont.)
So basically, serious games and digital game based
learning are the solution and its just a matter of putting
everything in a game ? Not so easy!
Key is to manage how the game and the instruction
are put together into a whole package → this is not
easy and has been done poorly in the past
Even if a “perfect” serious game was developed →
how is the game incorporated into the learning
process/curriculum ?
Typically, the game itself is designed to be part of
the curriculum, not the entire curriculum!
Overview (7):Today’s Education (cont.)
Even if a “perfect” serious game was developed →
how is the game incorporated into the learning
process/curriculum ? (cont.)
Of course, the content within the game must be
well matched to the learner → if this is not the
case, little, if any, learning will take place
regardless the learning method
CSCI 5530: Serious Games Development (Simulations and Serious Games)
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Winter 2012
Bill Kapralos
Overview (8):Today’s Education (cont.)
Although there may be some debate as to how
effective they actually are, there is plenty of evidence
indicating that games can be effective learning tools
How effective really does depend on the design of
the game → it is very easy to put together a game
that is “educational” but putting together an
effective educational game is not easy
The design process is often down-played and
typically shortcuts are taken!
Something to Consider (1):Should Learning be Fun ?
Not everyone agrees!
“People must not do things for fun. We are not here
for fun. There is no reference to fun in any act of
Parliament” → A. P. Herbert
“I may be old-fashioned but learning is hard work”
→ Clifford Stoll “High Tech Heretic” (1999)
“Education is the hardest work most of us will ever
do” → Yale Professor David Gelertner
Something to Consider (2):Should Learning be Fun ? (cont.)
Game based learning does not dispute this
What is does take issue with in “hard work” is not
the “hard” part → no one disputes the effort and
energy involved in learning and all of the good
games are hard to master
Change is in the “work” part → learning does not
feel like work when you are having fun (“hard fun”
according MIT Media Lab or “stealth learning” from
Doug Crockford of LucasArts)
“People rarely succeed unless they have fun in
what they are doing” → Dale Carnegie (“motivator”)
CSCI 5530: Serious Games Development (Simulations and Serious Games)
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Bill Kapralos
Something to Consider (3):Not Everyone “Gets it”
Despite its growing popularity and presence in a wide
variety of educational/training settings, many
managers and leaders in the education world still do