GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG …eprints.ums.ac.id/60054/2/HALAMAN DEPAN.pdf · St. Ahmad Yani, Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Kartasura Email: [email protected] Abstract Background:

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG

PERAWATAN PALIATIF PADA PASIEN KANKER

DI RSUD DR. MOEWARDI

SKRIPSI

Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk meraih gelar

Sarjana Keperawatan

Disusun Oleh:

AGNIS TRI GIARTI

J210161032

PROGRAM STUDI KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2018

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................ ii

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH v

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. vi

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ vii

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xiii

A. BAB I PENDAHULUAN................................................................................ 1

1. Latar Belakang Masalah ......................................................................... 1

2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 5

3. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................... 6

4. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................. 6

5. Keaslian Penelitian ................................................................................. 7

B. BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 10

1. Pengetahuan ......................................................................................... 10

a. Definisi Pengetahuan ..................................................................... 10

b. Klasifikasi Pengetahuan ................................................................. 10

c. Tingkatan Pengetahuan .................................................................. 11

d. Faktor Pengetahuan ........................................................................ 12

2. Perawatan Paliatif................................................................................. 13

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a. Definisi Perawatan Paliatif ............................................................ 13

b. Prinsip Perawatan Paliatif ............................................................. 14

c. Indikasi Perawatan Paliatif ............................................................ 15

d. Tim dan Tempat Pelayanan Perawatan Paliatif ............................. 16

e. Penatalaksanaan Perawatan Paliatif ............................................... 16

3. Kanker .................................................................................................. 17

a. Definisi Kanker .............................................................................. 17

b. Etiologi Kanker .............................................................................. 18

c. Manifestasi Klinis .......................................................................... 20

d. Patofisiologi ................................................................................... 20

e. Diagnosa Kanker ............................................................................ 21

f. Stadium Kanker .............................................................................. 21

g. Pencegahan Kanker ........................................................................ 21

h. Penatalaksanaan Kanker................................................................. 22

4. Pengetahuan tentang Perawatan Paliatif .............................................. 22

5. Kerangka Teori..................................................................................... 24

6. Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................. 24

7. Pertanyaan Penelitian ........................................................................... 24

C. BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 25

1. Jenis Rancangan Penelitian .................................................................. 25

2. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .............................................................. 25

3. Populasi ................................................................................................ 26

4. Sampel .................................................................................................. 26

5. Teknik Sampling .................................................................................. 26

6. Kriteria Responden............................................................................... 27

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7. Variabel Penelitian ............................................................................... 27

8. Definisi Operasional............................................................................. 28

9. Instrumen Penelitian............................................................................. 29

10. Etika Penelitian ................................................................................... 31

11. Pengolahan Data dan Analisa Data ..................................................... 32

12. Jalannya Penelitian .............................................................................. 34

D. BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ....................................................... 37

1. Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................... 37

2. Pembahasan .......................................................................................... 40

3. Keterbatasan Penelitian ........................................................................ 46

E. BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................ 47

1. Kesimpulan .......................................................................................... 47

2. Saran ..................................................................................................... 47

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Kerangka Teori ................................................................................... 24

Gambar 2.2 Kerangka Konsep ............................................................................... 24

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasional .............................................................................. 28

Tabel 3.2 Kisi-Kisi Instrumen ................................................................................ 30

Tabel 4.1 Distribusi Frekuensi Jenis Kelamin Perawat ......................................... 37

Tabel 4.2 Distribusi Frekuensi Pendidikan Terakhir Perawat ............................... 37

Tabel 4.3 Distribusi Frekuensi Lama Kerja Perawat ............................................. 38

Tabel 4.4 Distribusi Frekuensi Pelatihan Perawat ................................................. 38

Tabel 4.5 Distribusi Frekuensi Pengetahuan Perawat ............................................ 39

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1: Penjelasan Penelitian

Lampiran 2: Lembar Persetujuan Responden

Lampiran 3: Lembar Kuesioner

Lampiran 4: Hasil Tabulasi Data Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas 1

Lampiran 5: Hasil Uji Validitas 1

Lampiran 6: Hasil Tabulasi Data Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas 2

Lampiran 7: Hasil Uji Validitas 2

Lampiran 8: Hasil Tabulasi Data Tingkat Pengetahuan Perawat

Lampiran 9: Uji Statistik Penelitian

Lampiran 10: Surat Izin Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas

Lampiran 11: Surat Keterangan telah melakukan Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas

Lampiran 12: Surat Izin Pra Penelitian

Lampiran 13: Surat Kelaikan Etik

Lampiran 14: Surat Izin Penelitian

Lampiran 15: Surat Pernyataan Selesai Pengambilan Data

Lampiran 16: Surat Pernyataan Selesai Penelitian

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GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG

PERAWATAN PALIATIF PADA PASIEN KANKER

DI RSUD DR. MOEWARDI

Agnis Tri Giarti, Okti Sri Purwanti

Program Studi S1 Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Jl. Ahmad Yani, Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Kartasura

Email: [email protected]

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Penyakit kanker merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi

penyebab kematian utama di dunia. Pasien kanker stadium lanjut mengalami

berbagai masalah fisik, psikososial dan spiritual yang mempengaruhi kualitas

hidup pasien. Selain pengobatan gejala fisik, perlu diberikan dukungan psikologis,

sosial dan spiritual. Dukungan tersebut disebut perawatan paliatif. Perawatan

paliatif masih jarang ditemukan di Indonesia, hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya

pemahaman dan kesadaran perawat mengenai pentingnya perawatan paliatif pada

pasien kanker. RSUD Dr. Moewardi merupakan rumah sakit yang mengalami

peningkatan jumlah pasien kanker tiap tahunnya, namun belum tersedia instalasi

khusus untuk perawatan paliatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui

gambaran pengetahuan perawat tentang perawatan paliatif pada pasien kanker di

RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik

dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh

perawat di Ruang Mawar 3 dan Melati 3 yang berjumlah 75 perawat. Teknik

pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 55

perawat. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner PCQN (Palliative Care Quiz

for Nursing). Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi yang

menunjukkan perawat memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 10 orang (18,2%),

perawat memiliki pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 35 orang (63,6%) dan perawat

memiliki pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 10 orang (18,2%). Kesimpulan penelitian

ini adalah sebagian besar perawat memiliki pengetahuan dalam kategori cukup.

Saran bagi rumah sakit diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas perawat

dengan mengadakan seminar atau pelatihan tentang perawatan paliatif.

Kata kunci: kanker, pengetahuan perawat, perawatan paliatif

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DESCRIPTION OF NURSES KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PALLIATIVE CARE

IN PATIENTS OF CANCER IN Dr. MOEWARDI HOSPITAL

Agnis Tri Giarti, Okti Sri Purwanti

Nursing Study Program Faculty Of Health Sciences

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

St. Ahmad Yani, Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Kartasura

Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Background: Cancer is a non-communicable disease that is the leading cause of

death in the world. Patients with advanced cancer experience various physical,

psychosocial and spiritual problems that affect the quality of life of the patient. In

addition to the treatment of physical symptoms, psychological, social and spiritual

support should be provided. Such support is called palliative care. Palliative care

is still rare in Indonesia, due to lack of knowledge and awareness of nurses about

the importance of palliative care in cancer patients. RSUD Dr. Moewardi is a

hospital that has an increasing number of cancer patients each year, but there is

no special installation for palliative care. This study aims to determine the

description of nurse knowledge about palliative care in cancer patients in RSUD

Dr. Moewardi. This research is an analytical descriptive research with cross

sectional study approach. The study population was all nurses in Room Mawar 3

and Melati 3 which amounted to 75 nurses. Sampling technique with purposive

sampling with sample of 55 nurses. Data collection using PCQN (Palliative Care

Quiz for Nursing) questionnaire. The results of the study are presented in

frequency distribution table showing nurses have good knowledge as many as 10

people (18.2%), nurses have enough knowledge as 35 people (63,6%) and nurses

have less knowledge as much 10 person (18,2%) . The conclusion of this study is

that most nurses have sufficient knowledge in the category. Suggestions for

hospitals are expected to increase nurse productivity by holding seminars or

trainingmonmpalliativemcare.

Keywords: cancer, nurse knowledge, palliative care

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