Galileo – a UK Success Story Pat Norris MRAeS, FRIN LogicaCMG Business Development Manager Chairman, RAeS Space Group.

Galileo – a UK Success Story

Pat Norris MRAeS, FRIN

LogicaCMG Business Development Manager

Chairman, RAeS Space Group

2Galileo – a UK success story, Pat Norris, RAeS Gatwick Branch, 13 December 2005

Plan of the presentation

• GPS

• GLONASS

• Galileo

• UK in Galileo


How does GNSS Work?


Alternative satellite navigation concepts

• The US Navy Transit system popularised an alternative approach to determining position using satellites

– this approach uses the change in the Doppler shift of a radio beacon to provide positioning information

• The concept is still operational in the SARSAT/COSPAS emergency location system


How Accurate is GPS?

1 m

1 cm

1 mm

10 m


Selective Availability Reduced to Zero


Block IIA/IIR Block IIIBlock IIR-M, IIFBlock IIIA:• Increased anti-jam power• Increased security• Increased accuracy• Navigation surety• Backward compatibility• Assured availability• Controlled integrity• System survivability• 4th civil signal (L1C)

IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus• 2nd civil signal (L2C)• M-Code (L1M & L2M)

• Eliminates SA for denial• Anti-jam flex power

IIF: IIR-M capability plus• 3rd civil signal (L5)• Anti-jam flex power

Basic GPS• Std Service (16-24m SEP)

– Single frequency (L1)– Coarse acquisition (C/A)

code navigation• Precise Service (16m SEP)

– Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y)– Y-Code navigation

Increasing System Capabilities Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit

GPS Modernization Path


GPS Civil Signals

1176 MHz

1st CivilBlock II/IIA/IIR

2nd CivilBlock IIR-M

3rd CivilBlock IIF

II55

QQ55

C/AC/A

C/AC/A

C/AC/A

L2CL2C

L2CL2C

L2 L1L5

4th CivilBlock III

L1C (TBR)L1C (TBR)C/AC/AL2CL2C

1227 MHz 1575 MHz

II55

QQ55


L2C Second Civil Signal

• Benefits of L2C

– improves PNT for current scientific/commercial dual frequency users via ionospheric effect cancellation

– extends safety-of-life, single-frequency E-911 applications

– provides better protection than C/A against code cross correlation and continuous wave (CW) interference

– improved data structure for enhanced data demodulation

– provides backup link in case of local interference

• Defined in ICD-GPS-200D

• First available with IIR-M launch 21 Sep 05

– configuration of signal determined via ongoing interagency process

– use L2C at user’s risk--configuration can change (NANU process)

L2CL2C

1227.6 MHz


L5 Third Civil Signal

• Improves signal structure for enhanced performance

• higher power

• wider bandwidth = 10x processing gain

• longer spreading codes (10x C/A)

• Aeronautical Radionavigation Services band

• WRC-2000 added space signal component to this aeronautical band so aviation community can manage interference to L5 more effectively than L2

• Defined in IS-GPS-705

• First available with first GPS IIF launch (2007)

L5L5

1176.45 MHz


New L1C Signal Improvements

–Implementation will provide C/A code to ensure backward compatibility

–Assured of 1.5 dB increase in minimum C/A code power to mitigate any noise floor increase

–Data-less signal component pilot carrier improves tracking

–Enables greater civil interoperability with Galileo L1

–First available with first GPS III launch in 2013

L1CL1C

1575.42 MHz


EGNOS in Europe, WAAS in the USA, MSAS in Japan

WAASWAAS MSASMSASEGNOSEGNOS

Space-Based Augmentation Systems

Related systems planned in India, China, Russia…



• GPSGPS

• GLONASS

• GalileoGalileo

• UK in GalileoUK in Galileo


History and Perspectives of the GLONASS Constellation

GLONASS Deployment Program. History and Progress.

26

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201818

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111213

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0

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6

9

12

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18

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1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

SV in constellation

GLONASS-M Flight Test (7 years life-time)

GLONASS-K Flight Test(10 years life-time)

Planned GLONASS deployment program according to the Federal GLONASS Program

GLONASS Initial Operation Capability (12 SV , 3 year life-time. Decree of the Prsident of 29.09.93 № 658 рпс).

GLONASS Deployment Program. History and Progress.

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111213

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30

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

SV in constellation

GLONASS-M Flight Test (7 years life-time)

GLONASS-K Flight Test(10 years life-time)

Planned GLONASS deployment program according to the Federal GLONASS Program

GLONASS Initial Operation Capability (12 SV , 3 year life-time. Decree of the Prsident of 29.09.93 № 658 рпс).

• GLONASS deployment milestones:

– 18 satellites in constellation – 2007

– 24 satellites in constellation – 2010-2011

• GLONASS deployment milestones:

– 18 satellites in constellation – 2007

– 24 satellites in constellation – 2010-2011Source: Glonass


GLONASS Performance

20.03.2005 – 20.06.2005

SISRE,m

GPSGPS

GLONASSGLONASS

The GLONASS Accuracy Improvement Program is in implementation

– Problems of pure present GLONASS performances

• new satellite – outdated ground control assets

• limited area for orbit tracking (Russian territory)

• time keeping system needs to be modernized

Source: Glonass


Results of GLONASS Program implementation for 2002-2004

12/2001: 6 SV, A=17 gap = 13.7h

12/2002: 8 SV, A=22 gap = 9.3h

12/2003: 9 SV, A=35 gap = 9.0h

12/2004: 11 SV, A=58 gap = 4.6h

03/2005: 13 SV, A=76 gap = 2.9h

12/200712/2007: : 18 SV, A=9618 SV, A=96 gap = 0.6hgap = 0.6h

Since 2001 the gap in navigation with GLONASS

reduced from 14 to 3 hours

Source: Glonass


GLONASS Modernization Plan

Developer NPO PMProducer PO “Polyot”Total launched 81 SVOrdered 1 SVIn orbit 12 SVLife-time 3 years

Developer NPO PMProducer NPO PMOrdered 8 SVIn orbit 2 SVTo be ordered 6Life-time 7 years2nd civil signal

Developer NPO PMD&D phaseTo be ordered up to 27 SVLife-time 10 years3rd civil signal

Requirement definitionsince 2002 г.

Ground control segment modernizationNavigation (OD$TS) system modernizationGLONASS augmentation system implementationSystem certification for safety of life applications

Search and Rescue service implementationSupplementary functions (TBD)

GLONASSGLONASS19821982--20072007

GLONASSGLONASS--MM20032003--20120155

GLONASSGLONASS--KK20020088--20220255

GLONASSGLONASS--KMKM20152015--…..…..

Navigation service market development

Source: Glonass


GLONASS Performance Modernization Plan

– Satellite modernization

• clock stability improvement

• dynamic model improvement (attitude accuracy, eclipse passing algorithm)

– Receiving monitoring stations (RMS) network extension

• Space Force network (3 stations)

• Roskosmos network (9-12 stations)

• international cooperation (IGS network)

– GLONASS time keeping system modernization

• new system clocks with high stability (2 distributed clocks)

• synchronization system modernization

– OD&TS software modernization based on one-way code and phase data processing

GPS level accuracy for GLONASS to be achieved by 2008Source: Glonass



• GPSGPS

• GLONASSGLONASS

• Galileo

• UK in GalileoUK in Galileo


The European Galileo System

30 satellites in 3 orbital planes 120° apart

27 operational plus 3 in-orbit spares

Inclination 56° Altitude ~22,900 km Period ~14 hours

In-Orbit Validation(IOV):2 prototype satellites4 pre-op’tnl satellites


GALILEO Architecture

Worldwide Users10

C-band Tx

UplinkStations

Control Centres

30

SensorStations

S-b

and

Tx/R

x

5TT&C

Stations

….Satellite

Constellation

2

Global Ground Segment

IOV configuration:2x TT&C5x ULS

12x GSS1x GCC


The Customer

EuropeanCommission

EuropeanSpace Agency

17 Member StatesPB/Navigation

25 Member StatesTransport Council

GSA

GJUSupervisory Board

GJU

ESA – responsible for IOV

GSA = Galileo Supervisory AuthorityGJU = Galileo Joint UndertakingIOV = In-Orbit ValidationPB = Programme Board


Galileo Key Features

Global, European-led under civil control

Independent but compatible & interoperable with GPS

A wide range of services to be offered

Galileo is open to international partnerships


Current Services Definition

Open Service (OS)free of direct user charges

Search and Rescue Service (S&R)for people in distress

Public Regulated Service (PRS)government encrypted signals

Commercial Service (CS) added value services

Safety-of-Life Service (SoL)

with high integritysignals & fault

indication


GNSS Frequencies

12

15

MH

z

12

60

MH

z

11

64

MH

z

13

00

MH

z

50

10

MH

z

50

30

MH

z

15

59

MH

z

16

10

MH

z

L2 L1L5

GPS

G2 G1

GLONASS

E5 C1E6

E4 E1 E2

GALILEO


Frequencies and Services

1215 M

Hz

1260 M

Hz

1164 M

Hz

1300 M

Hz

5010 M

Hz

5030 M

Hz

1559 M

Hz

1610 M

Hz

E1

E5a

E2

OS/SoL PRS

E6

E1 E2

E1 E2

E6E5b

CS


Space Segment

1802 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19FY

GPS IIF

GPS IIR

1st IIF

GPS III LaunchesR&D

GNSS Development Schedules (at Sep 05)

L2C/M Code/Flex PowerL2C/M Code/Flex Power

L5L5

IOC FOC

IOC FOC

GPS III/Hi Power M Code/L1C

GPS III/Hi Power M Code/L1C

NewServices

IOC FOC

GPSGPS

GalileoGalileoFOC

26 Galileo Launches

Source:USAF Sep 2005

GSTB V2

IOV Phase

Source:LD’s Best Guess

GlonassGlonass9 SVs 14 18 (IOC) 24 (FOC)

Source:GLONASSSep 05 K

Galileo 2

1st IIR-M

GPS IIR-M

IIF – 19

IIR-M - 8

2021

E5B 3rd Civil signalE5B 3rd Civil signalL2 2nd Civil signalL2 2nd Civil signal

IntegrityIntegrity

M

Basic



• GPSGPS

• GLONASSGLONASS

• GalileoGalileo

• UK in Galileo

– pre-development activities (including the prototype satellites)

– the main development phase


Galileo & the UK – 1 – the design phase

Before the main development contract began (Dec ’04) UK industry had been selected to provide >30% of Galileo:

1. Prime-contractor of one prototype satellite, GIOVE-A: SSTL

2. Payload contractor for the second, GIOVE-B: Astrium UK

3. Prime-contractor for design of the ground segment: LogicaCMG

4. Subsystem level roles for ComDev, Helios, NPL, QinetiQ, SciSys, Serco and Vega

Total funding at that stage ~€150M – so UK part ~€50M


GSTB-V2 Programme Overview

• ESA GIOVE-A

– Precursor to European Galileo programme

– Objective

• secure frequency filing

• measure MEO environment

• demonstrate key payload technologies

• provide Signal-in-Space for experimentation

– Requirements

• two year mission lifetime

• low cost, rapid schedule

Sir Martin Sweeting, SSTL (R)Claudio Mastracci, ESA (L)


GIOVE-A Schedule

• Schedule driven by Winter ’05 launch

QSR PDR CDR

IRR

FRR

TRR

MRDesign

Manufacture

Integration

Environmental Test

Launch

QSR: Q3 03

PDR: Q4 03

CDR: Q2 05

IRR : Q3 04

TRR : Q3 05

FRR : Q4 05

LW : Dec 05

KO +5 +12 +14 +22 +25 +27


A Modular Design

• Modular design– allows short duration programmes

• by permitting parallel manufacture and test

Propulsion BayAvionics Plate Payload Frame


GIOVE-A: First Integration

• Delivered to ESTEC, NL, for environmental tests - summer 2005

Antenna

Payload Bay

Avionics

Propulsion Bay


GIOVE-A Solar Arrays


Launch – 26 December 2005 (1)

Images Courtesy ESA

Jettison of Soyuz/Fregat fairing



Images Courtesy ESA

Satellite/Fregat composite separates from Soyuz third stage



Images Courtesy ESA

Satellite separates from Fregat upper stage


Galileo Industries Formation & Heritage

• A political agreement was reached that called for the development of Galileo to be undertaken by an international consortium called Galileo Industries

• Galileo Industries S.A. founded May 2000 as a Belgian company – mission to become industrial prime contractor

GalileoIndustries SA

GSS (E)14%12%

Astrium GmbH (D)25%21.5% 19%

Alcatel-Alenia (I)25%21.5% 19%

Alcatel-Alenia (F)25%21.5% 19%

Thales (F/D/UK)12%

Astrium Ltd (UK)25%21.5% 19%

F o u n d i n g S h a r e h o l d e r s

joined June 2003 joined April 2004


GroundControl

SegmentAstrium UK

GroundMission

SegmentAlcatel

SpaceSegment& SatelliteAstrium G

PayloadAstrium UK

Satellite AITAlenia

Prime MgtSystem Eng &Procurement

GalileoIndustries

GSTB V1Alcatel

GSTB V2Astrium G

System AIVAlenia

Launcher(CFI)

Test User

SegmentThales

Lead Roles within Galileo Industries

Level N

Level N-1

Level N-2

Level N-3Clocks SSPA NSGU PLSU etc

SecurityEngineering

Thales


Galileo & UK – 2 – the development phase

For the main development contract, political arrangements assure each country of contracts in ~proportion to funding

UK highlights in addition to the Galileo Industries roles:

Space Segment• Optical multiplexer, €1M, ComDev

• Power amplifiers, €10M, Astrium

• Space qualified components, IGG

Navigation signalsAmplificationof signals

COM DEV filters

Navigation antenna

E2 channelE2 channel



FilterFilter

OMUXOMUX

E2E2

E5 + E6E5 + E6


UK Roles - continued

Ground Segment

• Key management facilities, €20M, LogicaCMG

• Elements of Galileo receiver, €7M, QinetiQ

• Satellite control facility, €6M, LogicaCMG

• Algorithms & real-time hardware, €6M, LogicaCMG

• Test & integration tools, €6M, Vega

• Simulation & automation tools, €5M, SciSys

ESA’s main control centre


Galileo Key Management Facilities

• Principal functions:– generation of encryption keys

– distribution, management & revocation of keys

– monitoring & control of the security module in each element

– COMSEC for the Galileo Services

– service denial & over-the-air-rekeying (OTAR) for the PRS

• Galileo Services Supported:– PRS (Public Regulated Service)

– C-band (mission segment monitoring & control)

– CS (Commercial Service)

– SoL (Safety of Life service)

– S-Band (Control segment monitoring & control)


Algorithms and real-time hardware

• EGNOS has been created to make GPS compatible withaviation standards

• LogicaCMG supplied the €10M check set that validatesthe EGNOS signal:

– establishes GPS integrity

• similar processing hardwareand software is designed intoGalileo:

– facilitates certification foraviation and other safetyrelated uses

• specialist support from Sigma Associates & Ian McAnany

The LogicaCMG check set currently installed atSwanwick and other EGNOS centres across Europe


Concluding remarks

• The operational phase of Galileo will be the responsibility of a concession contractor under a private finance initiative arrangement with the Galileo Supervisory Authority

– two short-listed bidders now merged

– Inmarsat is the UK shareholder in the resulting consortium

• UK industry roles in the exploitation aspects of Galileo include:

– Helios/NPL/Thales: time service provider

– LogicaCMG: location based services

– Spirent: signal simulator

• Operational date ~2012

Hydrogen Maser clock for Galileo


QUESTIONS?

Galileo – a UK Success Story Pat Norris MRAeS, FRIN LogicaCMG Business Development Manager Chairman, RAeS Space Group.

Documents

galileo slide

raes gatwick branch

civil signal l2c

civil signal l5

civil signal benefits

civil block iiiiaiir

civil signal l1c iir

nd civil block iir