Breeding and engineering Breeding and engineering non-food crops for non-food crops for biodiesel biodiesel Agricultural Research Organization (VOLCANI Center) P.O.B. 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250 Israel Tel: +972-3-9683111 / Fax: +972-3-9665327 State of Israel / Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development ARO – Agricultural Research Organization Yedidya Gafni – Institute of Plant Sciences
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Breeding and engineering Breeding and engineering non-food crops for non-food crops for
biodieselbiodiesel
Agricultural Research Organization (VOLCANI Center)P.O.B. 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250 Israel
Tel: +972-3-9683111 / Fax: +972-3-9665327
State of Israel / Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
• Production process: Transesterification (of oil)• Main crops used for producing biodiesel:
• Rapeseed (Europe)• Soybean (US)• Jatropha (Africa, India)• Castor Bean (Africa, China, S. America)• Palm Oil (Tropical areas)• More
• Other oil-enriched crops: Coconut, Brazil nuts, Jojoba, Peanuts, Cotton seed, Sunflower, and many more.
Schematic of the Schematic of the Transesterification processTransesterification process
BIODIESEL – Final ProductBIODIESEL – Final Product
Biodiesel 100%
Glycerin
BioDiesel is here
Energy CropR&D
Farming
Oilseed
Meal
Crushing Crop Oil
Biodiesel Production
Biodiesel
MarketGlycerin
From the Farmer to the Fuel Tank
Higher cetane Greater lubricity Superior detergency Higher flash point
More mileage Greater horsepower Less smoke Smoother running engines Quicker starts Longer engine life Reduced maintenance
BenefitsFeatures
BioDiesel – A better fuel vs. Diesel
Biodiesel AdvantagesBiodiesel Advantages
• Produced from renewable materials – eco friendly /
closed CO cycle.
• Local & self production – less reliance on foreign oil.
• Contains practically no sulfur (0.001%) – non toxic.
• Considerably decreases emissions (up to 50%).
• Easily decomposes – does not harm soil or ground water.
• Biodiesel is not hazardous material (flashpoint above
110°C).
• Eligible as fuels under international standards &
specifications (world-wide).
• Eligible for CDM (Clean Development Mechanism - Kyoto
Treaty).
• More…
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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) –Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) – Carbon Credits (CER)Carbon Credits (CER)
“.. the mechanism of the Kyoto TreatyKyoto Treaty (CDM) is now in force to reduce industrial & commercial greenhouse gas emissions – planting of bio-fuel crops may well create carbon sinks that can earn cash through their sale of emissions credits to polluting industries in developed countries.”
The potential of acquiring GHG reductions, in the form of CER, for bio-diesel projects is about 3 tons of CO reduction per year (3 CER) for every ton of petroleum replaced.
Current price for 1 CER is about US$ 5 - 7.
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Biodiesel DrawbacksBiodiesel Drawbacks
• Biodiesel can be corrosive to rubber materials.
• Biodiesel is not necessarily more economic than regular diesel. Depend Depend on the plants, their related on the plants, their related processes and, other incentives.processes and, other incentives.
• Biodiesel can last up to 6 months. In 6-12 months need to be treated.
Source: www.journeyforever.com – Jan. 2007 – This data is compiled from a wide variety of sources. The yield figures are most useful as comparative estimates, crop yields vary widely.
The ARO (also known as ‘The VOLCANI Center‘The VOLCANI Center‘) aims at becoming the 'ultimate knowledge base' regarding complete Seed – to – Harvest processes of two selected plant types:
Jatropha curcasJatropha curcas and Castor beanCastor bean
• Jatropha curcas - small shrub native of C. America and a member of the Euphorbia family, it is a drought-resistant perennial, living up to 50 years and growing on marginal soils.
• Oil content: ~35%• Oil: Not Edible.• Other oil uses:
None
• Castor bean - drought-resistant, annual plant of tropical origin with immense spread-out. The plant can grow between 2 to 5 m.
• Oil: soluble in alcohol (no heat) – fit for biodiesel
Prof. Yedidya Gafni Prof. Yedidya Gafni – Head of TeamHead of Team..In charge of developing tissue culture & transformation protocols. Dr. Yiftach Vaknin Dr. Yiftach Vaknin – In charge of the Jatropha curcas project..Dr. Oren Ostersetzer Dr. Oren Ostersetzer – In charge of the Castor bean project..Dr. Samuel Gan-Mor Dr. Samuel Gan-Mor – In charge of developing mechanical harvesting machines. Prof. Dani Shteinberg Prof. Dani Shteinberg – In charge of the studies of plant diseases.Dr. Asher Bar-Tal Dr. Asher Bar-Tal – In charge of the studies of soil chemistry and plant nutrition and fertilization.