Gabriel T Byrne Gabriel T Byrne The Biopsychosocial The Biopsychosocial Approach Approach Dr. Craig A. Jackson Dr. Craig A. Jackson Occupational Psychologist Occupational Psychologist Research Director Health Research Consultants ResearchConsultants.co.uk
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Gabriel T Byrne The Biopsychosocial Approach Dr. Craig A. Jackson Occupational Psychologist Research Director Health Research Consultants ResearchConsultants.co.uk.
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Gabriel T ByrneGabriel T Byrne
The Biopsychosocial The Biopsychosocial ApproachApproach
Dr. Craig A. JacksonDr. Craig A. JacksonOccupational PsychologistOccupational Psychologist
Research DirectorHealth Research Consultants
ResearchConsultants.co.uk
Linking Emotions with Physical SymptomsLinking Emotions with Physical Symptoms
““The good physician treats the disease, but The good physician treats the disease, but the great physician treats the person.” the great physician treats the person.”
William Osler William Osler
DualismDualism
“If you are distressed by anything external, the pain is not due to the thing itself, but to your estimate of it; this you have the power to revoke at any moment”
Marcus Aurelius 180BCMarcus Aurelius 180BC
DualismDualism Mind / Body DivideMind / Body DivideRene Descartes'Rene Descartes'
Biopsychosocial Unification popular in last 10-15 yearsBiopsychosocial Unification popular in last 10-15 years
Jun 2004Jun 2004 Symptoms continueSymptoms continue Referred to orthopaedic surgeon.Referred to orthopaedic surgeon.Surgery requiredSurgery required
FemaleFemale
3636
Academic ResearcherAcademic Researcher
Unhappy in jobUnhappy in job
Received written warnings about time-keeping and performanceReceived written warnings about time-keeping and performance
Prevalence of Non-Specific SymptomsPrevalence of Non-Specific Symptoms
Modern day complaintsModern day complaints
Multiple Chemical SensitivityMultiple Chemical SensitivityChronic Fatigue SyndromeChronic Fatigue SyndromeSick Building SyndromeSick Building SyndromeGulf War SyndromeGulf War SyndromeLow-level Chemical ExposureLow-level Chemical ExposureElectrical SensitivityElectrical Sensitivity
Heightened concern about risk Heightened concern about risk involuntaryinvoluntary uncontrolleduncontrolled lack of informationlack of information dreaded consequencesdreaded consequences
Mistrust of government / industryMistrust of government / industry Attitudes about medicineAttitudes about medicine Political agendaPolitical agenda Legal agendaLegal agenda Social and political climateSocial and political climate
Media and pressure group activityMedia and pressure group activity
OVER FOCUS ON SYMPTOMSOVER FOCUS ON SYMPTOMS
ComparisonsComparisons
AttributionsAttributions
ResponsesResponses
BlameBlame
PessimismPessimism
Irritable Bowel SyndromeIrritable Bowel Syndrome
Common digestive disorderCommon digestive disorder
Functional syndromeFunctional syndrome
Traumatic life events, Personality Traumatic life events, Personality disorders, Stress, Anxiety, Depression disorders, Stress, Anxiety, Depression SomatizationSomatization
Not a psychological disorderNot a psychological disorder
• Night-workersNight-workers
• LonersLoners
• Psychology important in how symptoms are perceived and reacted toPsychology important in how symptoms are perceived and reacted to
• Overlap with psychiatric diagnoses (66%)Overlap with psychiatric diagnoses (66%)
• Chronic long-term inability and tirednessChronic long-term inability and tiredness
• Both Physical and Psychological fatigueBoth Physical and Psychological fatigue
• Most prevalent in white, middle class thirtysomething femalesMost prevalent in white, middle class thirtysomething females
• Fatigue dominates activities and lifeFatigue dominates activities and life
Placebo & NoceboPlacebo & Nocebo
In approx. 30% of pop.In approx. 30% of pop.Subjected to more clinical trialsSubjected to more clinical trials than any other medicamentthan any other medicamentNearly always does better thanNearly always does better than anticipatedanticipatedThe range of susceptible conditions seems limitlessThe range of susceptible conditions seems limitlessDoes not always occurDoes not always occurPresent in subjective and objective outcomesPresent in subjective and objective outcomesNegative outcomes can occur (Nocebo effect)Negative outcomes can occur (Nocebo effect)
PlaceboPlaceboBig pills better than smaller pillsBig pills better than smaller pillsRed pills better than blueRed pills better than blue4 pills better than 24 pills better than 2 30% of pop.30% of pop.
Treatment Bias of HealthcareTreatment Bias of Healthcare
A.A. MasonA.A. Mason
Congenital IchthyosisCongenital Ichthyosis
HypnosisHypnosis
Cured severe case of 16yr old maleCured severe case of 16yr old male
Mistaken C.I. for Acne VulgarisMistaken C.I. for Acne Vulgaris
Could not repeat successful treatmentCould not repeat successful treatment
Bennedetti & the Turin StudyBennedetti & the Turin Study
Behavioural Responses to DiagnosesBehavioural Responses to Diagnoses
HedonismHedonism
Put life in orderPut life in order
Premature grieving Premature grieving
Sick RoleSick Role
Illness BehaviourIllness Behaviour
Over-sensitivity to symptomsOver-sensitivity to symptoms
Premature deathPremature death
ADAPTIVE COPINGADAPTIVE COPINGTalk about itTalk about itPlanningPlanningChangesChanges
MALADAPTIVE COPINGMALADAPTIVE COPINGDrinkDrinkEatEatSubstance useSubstance use
Is disease real or is it in the mind?Is disease real or is it in the mind?