G9-pre

BOLD PERSONALITIES FROM INDIAN

HISTORYInformation Technology

Enrollment Nos. 110110116056-110110116063 & 10-039

Who is a Bold Personality?• In the context of sociability, a bold person

may be willing to risk shame or rejection in social situations, and willing to bend rules of etiquette or politeness.• Outside a social context, "boldness" can also

refer to a willingness to get things done, even despite risks, and is therefore broadly synonymous with bravery.

1. Fearless and daring; courageous.2. Requiring or exhibiting courage and bravery. 3. Confident and ambitious.4. Ready to take risks

• A person who is not afraid to speak up for what he believes, even to people with more power than him, is an example of someone who is bold.

Mahatma Gandhi

• Born: October 2, 1869, Porbandar • Assassinated: January 30, 1948, Birla House • Achievements: Known as Father of Nation;

played a key role in winning freedom for India; introduced the concept of Ahimsa and Satyagraha. (Nonviolence and Truthfulness)

• Gandhiji organised the Indian community in South Africa and asked them to forget all distinctions of religion and caste. • He helped found the Natal Indian

Congress in 1894, and through this organisation, he moulded the Indian community of South Africa into a unified political force.

• At a mass protest meeting held in Johannesburg on 11 September that year, Gandhi adopted his still evolving methodology of Satyagraha(holding fast to truth or firmness in a righteous cause), or non-violent protest, for the first time. He urged Indians to defy the new law and to suffer the punishments for doing so.

• Gandhiji's Satyagraha forced British government to set up a inquiry into the condition of tenant farmers.• In 1921, Gandhiji gave the call for Non-

cooperation movement against the ills (Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Incident) of British rule. Gandhiji's call roused the sleeping nation.

• His Birthday October 2 is commemorated as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and world-wide as the International Day of Non-Violence.• Gandhi's date of death, 30 January, is

commemorated as a Martyrs' Day in India.• In 2007, the United Nations General

Assembly declared Gandhi's birthday 2 October as “the International Day of Non-Violence”.

• "An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind." – Mahatma Gandhi

Pandit Jawharlal Nehru

• Born: November 14, 1889, Allahabad • Died: May 27, 1964, New Delhi• Jawaharlal Nehru often referred to as

Panditji is the first Prime Minister of independent India.

• His birthday, November 14, is celebrated in India as Baal Divas ("Children's Day") in recognition of his lifelong passion and work on behalf of children and young people.• Nehru family changed its family according to

Mahatma Gandhi's teachings. Jawaharlal and Motilal Nehru abandoned western clothes and tastes for expensive possessions and pastimes. They now wore a Khadi Kurta and Gandhi cap.

• Jawaharlal Nehru took active part in the Non- Cooperation Movement 1920-1922 and was arrested for the first time during the movement. He was released after few months. • Jawaharlal Nehru was arrested in 1942 during

Quit India Movement. Released in 1945, he took a leading part in the negotiations that culminated in the emergence of the dominions of India and Pakistan in August 1947.

• Signed treaties with Pakistan and China• In 1955 Nehru was awarded Bharat Ratna,

India's highest civilian honour.

Indira Gandhi

Born: November 19, 1917, Allahabad Assassinated: October 31, 1984, New Delhi Indira Priyadarshini Gandhiwas an Indian politician who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms (1966–77) and a fourth term (1980–84).

• Gandhi was the second female head of government in the world after Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka and she remains as the world's second longest serving female Prime Minister as of 2012.• She was the first woman to become prime

minister in India.• She was the first woman to Receive Bharat

Ratna Award in 1971.

• She was also the only Indian Prime Minister to have declared a state of emergency in order to 'rule by decree' and the only Indian Prime Minister to have been imprisoned after holding that office. • Shortly after their marriage both Indira

Gandhi and Feroze Gandhi were arrested and jailed for nationalist activities.

• In 1959, Indira Gandhi became President of the Indian National Congress.• Signed several treaties with Soviet Union.• Indira Gandhi campaigned fiercely on the

slogan of "Garibi Hatao" (eliminate poverty)during the fifth general elections in March 1971 and won an unprecedented two-third majority.

• In 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of internal emergency after she was indicted in a corruption scandal and ordered to vacate her seat in the Indian Parliament, allowing herself to rule by decree until 1977 and and jailed all her political opponents. The Emergency lasted till March 1977.

• The day before her death Indira Gandhi visited Orissa on 30 October 1984 where she gave her last speech: • "I am alive today; I may not be there

tomorrow. I shall continue to serve till my last breath and when I die every drop of my blood will strengthen India and keep a united India alive."

Swami Dayananda Saraswati

• Born: February 12, 1824, Gujarat • Died: October 31, 1883, Jodhpur• One of the most radical socio-religious

reformers in the history of India was Dayanand Saraswati. • Founder of Arya Samaj.

• Propagated egalitarian approach of the Vedas at a time when widespread casteism was prevalent in the society. • He has established gurukuls to impart

Vedic education. • His parents decided to marry him off in his

early teens which was very common in 19th century India, but he decided marriage was not for him and ran away from home.

• He made fiery speeches condemning the caste system, idolatry, and child marriages.• Dayanand Saraswati being the first leader in

the field of theology who welcomed the advances of sciences and technology.• Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj

in Mumbai in 1875 to promote social service.

• Swami Dayananda`s creation, the Arya Samaj, is a unique component in Hinduism. Arya Samaj, postulates in principle equal justice for all men and all nations, together with equality of the sexes. The Arya Samaj condemns idol-worship, animal sacrifices, ancestor worship, pilgrimages, priestcraft, offerings made in temples, the caste system, untouchability, and child marriages.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

• Born: January 23, 1897, Cuttack • Died: Unknown • Subhash Chandra Bose, affectionately called

as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. • He founded Indian National Army (Azad Hind

Fauj)to overthrow British Empire from India and came to acquire legendary status among Indian masses.

• He came 4th in the ICS examination and was selected but he did not want to work under an alien government which would mean serving the British. He resigned from the civil service job and returned to India in 1921. • In 1927, after being released from prison,

Bose became general secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence.

• Subash Chandra Bose was soon arrested again under the infamous Bengal Regulation. After a year he was released on medical grounds and was banished from India to Europe. • Defying the ban on his entry to India, Subash

Chandra Bose returned to India and was again arrested and jailed for a year.

• Bose most famous quote was: “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!” • Jai Hind, or, "Glory to India!“ was another slogan

used by him and later adopted by the Government of India and the Indian Armed Forces.• The West Bengal government decided in 2011 to

observe Bose's birth anniversay (23 January) as Desh Prem Divas which means Day of Patriotism.

Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel

• Born: October 31, 1875, Nadiad • Died: December 15, 1950, Mumbai • Sardar Vallabh bhai Jhaver bhai Patel was an

Indian barrister and one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress and one of the founding fathers the Republic of India.

• He was independent India's first Deputy Prime Minister and first Home Minister. • He is also regarded as the "Bismarck of

India" and "Iron Man of India".

• In 1928, Bardoli Talukain Gujarat suffered from floods and famine.• In this hour of distress the British government

raised the revenue taxes by thirty percent. Sardar Patel took up cudgels on behalf of the farmers and appealed to the Governor to reduce the taxes. The Governor refused and the government even announced the date of the collection of the taxes.

• Sardar Patel organized the farmers and told them not to pay even a single pie of tax. The government tried to repress the revolt but ultimately bowed before Vallabhbhai Patel.• Patel was officially awarded the Bharat Ratna,

India's highest civilian honour posthumously in 1991. • Patel's birthday, 31 October, is celebrated

nationally in India as Sardar Jayanti.

Qualities Learned from them• Determination.• Courage.• Faith in yourself.• Resilience.• Fearlessness.• Self confidence. • Hard work.

QUESTIONS?THANK YOU