G6801: Theories of International Politics Fall 2003 410 IAB

G6801: Theories of International Politics Fall 2003 410 IAB

Prof. Helen Milner Office: 1329 IAB TA: Brianna Avery x4-5138 [email protected] [email protected] www.columbia.edu/~hvm1 office hours: Mon. 4-5 & by appmt. This course is an introduction to theories of international politics. It is intended as a survey course for first year graduate students in the Ph.D. program. Its focus is on theories of international politics, not current world events. The course begins with an introduction to the central concepts and methodological issues in social science. It then surveys theories on the three different levels of analysis used in international relations. It concludes with an examination of other key concepts and debates in the field. The course requirements are weekly readings and two take-home exams. The first exam (midterm) will be given out on Oct. 7 and due Oct. 14 in class. The answers to the questions for the second exam (final) will be due the Monday after the last day of class, Dec. 8th. No late exams are accepted. Double-spaced answers for each exam question can be up to 2000 words in length. The midterm exam will count for about 30% of your grade, participation in section and email discussion for about 10%, and the final exam for the remainder. All written work done in this class must be your own. It is your responsibility to properly cite ideas or exact words of others that you use. Failure to do so will result in a failing grade and likely termination from the Ph.D. program. All written work must be submitted in hard copy as well as on a disk in WORD or PDF format. Participation in section is highly recommended. The course has a bulletin board at https://courseworks.columbia.edu/ to facilitate on-line extensions of class discussions; access to the bulletin board is restricted to students registered for the class. All students are required to participate in weekly email discussions. Many of the required books are available at Labyrinth Books (112th Street between Broadway and Amsterdam). Buy those that you want. All the readings are on reserve at Lehman Library. Many articles are also available online, linked from the web-based listing of readings (see course website URL above).

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Week 1: National Security & IR Theory: Unipolarity, WMD & Terrorism (Sept. 2) Kennan, George. 1947.[The X Article.] "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," Foreign Affairs. V.

XXV, #4 (July): 566-82. White House. 2002. “The National Security Strategy of the United States, 2002.”

http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.html. Jervis, Robert. 2003. “The Bush Doctrine: Fear, Opportunity and Expansion.” Political Science

Quarterly, Fall 2003. Powell, Robert. 2003. “Nuclear Deterrence Theory, Nuclear Proliferation and National Missile

Defense.” International Security 27 (4):86-118. Posen, Barry. 2001/2002. “The Struggle against Terrorism: Grand Strategy, Strategy and

Tactics.” International Security 26 (3):39-55. Brodie, Bernard. 1965. Strategy in the Missile Age. paperback ed. Princeton NJ: Princeton

University Press. Chs. 5-9. [UA11.B7 1965]. Recommended: Walt, Stephen M. 2001/02. “Beyond Bin Laden: Reshaping U.S. Foreign Policy.” International Security 26 (3):56-

78. For Debate on the Terrorist Attacks and IR theory, see Dialogue IO. April 2002. “Symposium on September 11.”

Articles by Lake, Keohane and Leheny. ( http://www-mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?sid=3AE358AD-9A20-40D6-8EE9-296255622ABE&ttype=4&tid=36&xid=13&xcid=790 ) Gaddis, John. 1992/93. "International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War." International Security

vol.17 no.3 (Winter 1992/93): 5-58. Wohlforth, William. 1998. “Reality Check: Revising Theories of International Politics in Response to the Cold

War.” World Politics 50 (4): 650-80. Brooks, Stephen and WilliamWohlforth. 2001. “Power, Globalization, and the End of the Cold War.” International

Security. 25 (3):5 – 53. English, Robert. 2002. “Power, Ideas, and New Evidence on the Cold War's End: A Reply to Brooks and

Wohlforth.” International Security. 26 (4): 70-92. Brooks, Stephen and WilliamWohlforth. 2002. “From Old Thinking to New Thinking in Qualitative Research.”

International Security 26 (4): 93 - 111 Ray, James Lee and Bruce Russett. 1996. "The Future as Arbiter of Theoretical Controversies: Predictions,

Explanations and the End of the Cold War." British Journal of Political Science vol.26 no.4 (October 1996): 441-470

Lebow, Richard Ned. "The Long Peace, the End of the Cold War, and the Failure of Realism." International Organization vol.48 no.2 (Spring 1994): 249-277.

Doyle, Michael and John Ikenberry, eds. New Thinking in International Relations Theory. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997. Chapters 1-2, 9-10. [JZ1305 .N49 1997]

Everts, Philip P. 1992. "The Events in Eastern Europe and the Crisis in the Discipline of International Relations." In The End of the Cold War: Evaluating Theories of International Relations, edited by Pierre Allan and Kjell Goldmann. Dordrecht—Boston—London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1992: 55-81.

Koslowski, Ray and Friedrich V. Kratochwil. 1994. "Understanding Change in International Politics: The Soviet Empire's Demise and the International System." International Organization vol.48 no.2 (Spring 1994): 215-247.

Wohlforth, William C. 1995. "Realism and the End of the Cold War." (First published in International Security vol.19 no.3 (Winter 1994/95): 91-129.) In The Perils of Anarchy: Contemporary Realism and International Security, edited by Michael E. Brown, Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995: 3-41.

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Lebow, Richard Ned. 1999. "The Rise and Fall of the Cold War in Comparative Perspective." Review of International Studies vol.25, special issue (December 1999): 21-39.

Week 2 & 3: The Logic of Scientific Inquiry (Sept. 9 & 16) King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific

Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press. All. [H61 .K5437 1994]

["Qualitative-Quantitative Disputation" (on reserve under King 1995):] Laitin, David D. 1995. "Disciplining Political Science." American Political Science Review

vol.89 no.2 (June 1995): 454-456. Caporaso, James A. 1995. "Research Design, Falsification, and the Qualitative-Quantitative

Divide." American Political Science Review vol.89 no.2 (June 1995): 457-460. Collier, David. 1995. "Translating Quantitative Methods for Qualitative Researchers: The

Case of Selection Bias." American Political Science Review vol.89 no.2 (June 1995): 461-466.

Rogowski, Ronald. 1995. "The Role of Theory and Anomaly in Social-Scientific Inference." American Political Science Review vol.89 no.2 (June 1995): 467-470.

Tarrow, Sidney. 1995. "Bridging the Quantitative-Qualitative Divide in Political Science." American Political Science Review vol.89 no.2 (June 1995): 471-474.

King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. 1995. "The Importance of Research Design in Political Science." American Political Science Review vol.89 no.2 (June 1995): 475-481.

Lakatos, Imre. 1974. "Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes." In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge: Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, 1965, edited by Imre Lakatos and Alan Musgrave. (First published in 1970.) London: Cambridge University Press, 1974: 91-196. [Q175 .I514]

Elman, Colin and Miriam Elman. 2003. "Lessons from Lakatos." In Colin Elman and Miriam Elman, eds., Progress in International Relations Theory, Cambridge: MIT Press.

Bennett, Andrew. 2003. "A Lakatosian Reading of Lakatos." In Colin Elman and Miriam Elman, eds., Progress in International Relations Theory, Cambridge: MIT Press.

McKeown, Timothy J. 1999. "Case Studies and the Statistical World View: Review of King, Keohane, and Verba's 'Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research'." International Organization vol.53 no.1 (Winter 1999): 161-190.

Friedman, Milton. 1979. "The Methodology of Positive Economics." (First published in Friedman, Milton. Essays in Positive Economics. Chicago University Press, 1953). In Philosophy and Economic Theory, edited by Frank Hahn and Martin Hollis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979: 18-35.

Fearon, James D. 1991. "Counterfactuals and Hypothesis Testing in Political Science." World Politics vol.43 no.2 (January 1991): 169-195.

Lijphart, Arend. 1971. "Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method." American Political Science Review vol.65 no.3 (September 1971): 682-693.

Ball, Terence. 1976. "From Paradigms to Research Programs: Toward a Post-Kuhnian Political Science." American Journal of Political Science vol.20 no.1 (February 1976): 151-177.

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Collier, David and James Mahoney. 1996. "Insights and Pitfalls: Selection Bias in Qualitative Research." World Politics vol.49 no.1 (October 1996): 56-91.

Goertz, Gary, and Harvey Starr, eds. 2003. Necessary Conditions: Theory, Methodology and Applications. Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Chs. 1-6, 9.

Recommended: Eckstein, Harry. 1975. "Case Study and Theory in Political Science." In Handbook of Political Science, Volume 7,

edited by Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975: 79-137. [JA71 .G752 vol.7]

Knorr, Klaus E. and James N. Rosenau. 1969. "Tradition and Science in the Study of International Politics." In Contending Approaches to International Politics, edited by Klaus E. Knorr and James N. Rosenau. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969: 3-19. [JX1291 .K6]

Bull, Hedley. 1969. "International Theory: The Case for a Classical Approach." (First published in World Politics vol.18 no.3 (April 1966): 361-377.) In Knorr and Rosenau, 1969: 20-38.

Singer, J. David. 1969. "The Incompleat Theorist: Insights Without Evidence." In Knorr and Rosenau, 1969: 62-86.

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce. 1985. "Toward a Scientific Understanding of International Conflict: A Personal View." International Studies Quarterly vol.29 no.2 (June 1985): 121-136.

Krasner, Stephen D. 1985. "Toward Understanding in International Relations." International Studies Quarterly vol.29 no.2 (June 1985): 137-144.

Jervis, Robert. 1985. "Pluralistic Rigor: A Comment on Bueno de Mesquita." International Studies Quarterly vol.29 no.2 (June 1985): 145-149.

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce. 1985. "Reply to Stephen Krasner and Robert Jervis." International Studies Quarterly vol.29 no.2 (June 1985): 151-154.

Moon, J. Donald. 1975. "The Logic of Political Inquiry: A Synthesis of Opposed Perspectives." In Handbook of Political Science, Volume 1, edited by Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975: 131-228.

Tetlock, Philip E. and Aaron Belkin, eds. 1996. Counterfactual Thought Experiments in World Politics: Logical, Methodological, and Psychological Perspectives. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Ch. 1.

Mackie, J. L. 1965. "Causes and Conditions." American Philosophical Quarterly vol.2 no.4 (October 1965): 245-264.

Weber, Max. 1978. "The Logic of Historical Explanation." In Max Weber: Selections in Translation, edited by W. G Runciman. (First published in 1906 as 'Objective Möglichkeit und adequate Verursachung in der historischen Kausalbetrachtung.' In Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik vol.22 (1906): 143-204.) New York: Cambridge University Press, 1978: 111-131

Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Nagel, The Structure of Science. Goodman, Fact, Fiction, Forecast. Suppes, ed., The Structure of Scientific Theories. Toulmin, Foresight and Understanding. Lakatos and Musgrave, Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Hempel, Aspects of Scientific Explanation. Latsis, ed., Method and Appraisal in Economics, pp. 1-41. Brecht, Political Theory, chs. 1-3 esp. Kaplan, The Conduct of Inquiry. Przeworski and Teune, The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. Stinchcombe, Constructing Social Theories. Mannheim, The End of Ideology. McClelland, Peter D. Causal Explanation and Model-Building in History, Economics, and the New Economic

History. Blaug, Mark. The Methodology of Economics. 2nd ed. 1992. Coase, R. H. "How Should Economists Choose?” Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 1982: 5-21.

Also in: Coase. Essays on Economics and Economists. U of Chicago Press, 1994: 15-33.

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Jervis, Robert, "Models and Cases in the Study of International Conflict," Journal of International Affairs vol. 44, Spring/Summer 1990, pp. 81-102.

Geddes, Barbara, "How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get," in J. Stimson, ed., Political Analysis, v. 2, 1990, pp. 131-50.

Caldwell, Bruce J. "Contemporary Philosophy of Science: The Growth of Knowledge Tradition." In Beyond Positivism: Economic Methodology in the Twentieth Century. London-Boston: G. Allen & Unwin, 1984: 68-96.

George, Alexander L. and Timothy J. McKeown. 1985. "Case Studies and Theories of Organizational Decision Making." Advances in Information Processing in Organizations vol.2: 21-58.

Week 3: Criticism of the Scientific Method (Sept. 16) Kuhn, Thomas S. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd expanded edition.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chs. I-III, VI, X & postscript. [Q175 .K95] Polsby, Nelson W. 1998. “Social Science and Scientific Change: A Note on Thomas S. Kuhn's

Contribution.” Annual Review of Political Science vol. 1: 199-210. Almond, Gabriel A. and Stephen Genco. 1977. "Clouds, Clocks, and the Study of Politics."

World Politics vol.29 no.4 (July 1977): 489-522. Smith, Steve. 1996. "1: Positivism and Beyond." In International Theory: Positivism and

Beyond, edited by Steve Smith, Ken Booth, and Marysia Zalewski. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996: 11-44. [JX1391 .I6394 1996]

Elman, Colin and M. F. Elman. 2002. “How Not to be Lakatos Intolerant.” International Studies Quarterly. 46 (2): 263-98.

Wæver, Ole. 1996. "7: The Rise and Fall of the Inter-Paradigm Debate." In Smith, Booth, and Zalewski, 1996: 149-185.

Sylvester, Christine. 1996. "12: The Contributions of Feminist Theory to International Relations." In Smith, Booth, and Zalewski, 1996: 254-278.

Linklater, Andrew. 1996. "13: The Achievements of Critical Theory." In Smith, Booth, and Zalewski, 1996: 279-298.

Vasquez, John. 1995. "The Post-Positivist Debate: Reconstructing Scientific Enquiry and International Relations Theory After Enlightenment's Fall." In International Relations Theory Today, edited by Ken Booth and Steve Smith. University Park (PA): Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995: 217-240. [JX1391 .I6383]

Rosenau, Pauline M. 1992. Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences: Insights, Inroads, and Intrusions. New York: Columbia University Press. Chs. 1, 2, 5, 7-9. [HM73 .R59 1991]

Chernoff, Fred. 2002. “Scientific Realism as a Meta-Theory of International Politics.” International Studies Quarterly. 46 (2): 189-208.

Recommended: Patomäki, Heikki. 1996. "How to Tell Better Stories about World Politics." European Journal of International

Relations (London) vol.2 no.1 (March 1996): 105-133. Ferguson, Yale H. and Richard W. Mansbach. 1991. "Between Celebration and Despair: Constructive

Suggestions for Future International Theory." International Studies Quarterly vol.35: 363-386. Lapid, Yosef. 1989. "The Third Debate: On the Prospects of International Theory in a Post-Positivist Era."

International Studies Quarterly vol.33 no.3 (September 1989): 235-254. Holsti, K. J. 1989. "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Which Are the Fairest Theories of All?" ISQ vol.33 no.3

(September 1989): 255-261.

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Biersteker, Thomas J. 1989. "Critical Reflections on Post-Positivism in International Relations." ISQ vol.33 no.3 (September 1989): 263-267.

George, Jim. 1989. "International Relations and the Search for Thinking Space: Another View of the Third Debate." ISQ vol.33 no.3 (September 1989): 269-279.

Giddens, Anthony. 1979. Central Problems in Social Theory: Actions, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis. Berkeley—Los Angeles: University of California Press. [HM24 .G446]

Hollis, Martin and Steve Smith. 1990. Explaining and Understanding International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press. Chs. 1-4. [JX1245 .H65]

Margaret Archer, et al., eds., Critical Realism: Essential Readings, New York: Routledge, 1998. [B835 .C75 1998]

Mohr, Lawrence B. 1996. The Causes of Human Behavior: Implications for Theory and Method in the Social Sciences. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Intro, chs. 1,4. [BF121 .M5794 1996]

Ricoeur, Paul. 1979. "The Model of the Text: Meaningful Action Considered as a Text." (First published in Social Research vol.38 no.3 (Autumn 1971).) In Interpretive Social Science: A Reader, edited by Paul Rabinow and William M. Sullivan. 1st ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979: 73-101. [H61 .I6]

Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things. Foucault, Michel. The Birth of the Clinic. Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish. Habermas, Jürgen. The Theory of Communicative Action. vols 1 and 2. Giddens, Anthony. The Construction of Society. Bashkar, Roy. The Possibility of Naturalism. Geertz, Clifford. Interpretation of Cultures. Geertz, C. Local Knowledge. Caldwell, D. Beyond Positivism. Fay, Critical Social Science. Der Derian , James and Shapiro, M., eds., International/Intertextual Relations. Ch.1. Cox, Robert. "Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Methods." Millenium (London) vol.12

no.2 (Summer 1983): 162-75. Week 4: Strategic Interaction, Power and Bargaining (Sept. 23) Lake, David A. and Robert Powell, eds. 1999. Strategic Choice and International Relations.

Princeton: Princeton University Press. Chs. 1, 3, 6-7. [JZ1305 .S765 1999] Schelling, Thomas C. 1980. The Strategy of Conflict. (First published in 1960.) Cambridge,

MA: Harvard University Press. Chs. 1-3, 8. [BF637 .N4 .S3]

Powell, Robert. 2002. “Bargaining Theory and International Conflict.” Annual Review of Political Science vol. 5: 1-30.

Lukes, Steven. 1974. Power: A Radical View. London: MacMillan. All. [JC330 .L8]

Baldwin, David A. 1989. Paradoxes of Power. New York: Basil Blackwell. Chs. 1-2, 4, 5; recommended: 7-8. [JC330 .B323 1989]

Achen, Christopher H. and Duncan Snidal. 1989. "Rational Deterrence Theory and Comparative Case Studies." World Politics vol.41 no.2 (January 1989): 143-169.

Downs, George W. 1989. "The Rational Deterrence Debate." World Politics vol.41 no.2 (January 1989): 225-237.

Jervis, Robert. 1989. "Rational Deterrence: Theory and Evidence." World Politics vol.41 no.2 (January 1989): 183-207.

Tsebelis, George. 1989. "The Abuse of Probability in Political Analysis: The Robinson Crusoe Fallacy." American Political Science Review vol.83 no.1 (March 1989): 77-91.

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Signorino, Curtis S. 1999. "Strategic Interaction and the Statistical Analysis of International Conflict." American Political Science Review vol.93 no.2 (June 1999): 279-297.

Hirschman, Albert O. 1980. National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade. (First published in 1945.) Expanded edition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press: v-52. [HF1007 .H61 1980]

Powell, Robert. 2001. “Game Theory, International Relations Theory and the Hobbesian Stylization.” In Katznelson and Milner, eds., Political Science: State of the Discipline III. NY: Norton, 2003. [JC11. P65 2002]

Recommended on Strategic Interaction and Bargaining: Schelling, Thomas C., Arms and Influence. Nye, Joseph. The Paradox of American Power. Powell, Robert. In the Shadow of Power. Ikle, Fred C., How Nations Negotiate. Jervis, Robert, "Bargaining and Bargaining Tactics," in J. Roland Pennock and John Chapman, eds., NOMOS, vol.

14, Coercion, pp. 272-88. Downs, George and David M. Rocke. 1990. Tacit Bargaining, Arms Races and Arms Control. Ann Arbor:

University of Michigan Press. Chs. 1-3, 6. [JX1974 .7 .D795 1990] Zartman, The 50% Solution. Lockhart, Bargaining in International Conflicts. Luce and Raiffa, Games and Decisions. Young, Bargaining. Siverson, Randolph, ed. Strategic Politicians, Institutions, and Foreign Policy. Walton and McKersie, A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations. Baldwin, David A. Economic Statecraft. Jervis, Robert. The Logic of Images. George, Alexander The Limits of Coercive Diplomacy, intro, chs. 1, 5. George and Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy. Lebow, Between Peace and War. D. Lax and J. Sebenius, The Manager as Negotiator. Recommended on Power and Levels of Analysis: Dahl, Robert A. 1957. "The Concept of Power." Behavioral Science vol.2 (June 1957): 201-215. Bachrach, Peter and Morton S. Baratz. 1962. "Two Faces of Power." American Political Science Review vol.56

no.4 (December 1962): 947-952. Wolfers, Arnold. 1962. Discord and Collaboration: Essays on International Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins

University Press. Singer, J. David. "The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations." In Knorr, Klaus and Sidney Verba.

The International System: Theoretical Essays. Princeton UP, 1961: 77-92. Waltz, Kenneth N. 1959. Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University

Press. [JX1308 .W3] Jervis, Robert. "Perception and the Level of Analysis Problem." In Perception and Misperception in International

Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976: 13-31. [JX1291 .J47] Buzan, Barry. "The Levels of Analysis Problem in IR Reconsidered." In Booth and Smith, eds., International

Relations Theory Today. 1995: 198-216. March, James. "The Power of Power", in Easton, Varieties of Political Theory. Art, Robert, "To What Ends Military Power," International Security, Spring 1980, vol. 4, Spring 1980, pp. 14-35. Nye, Joseph. Bound to Lead, chs. 1-3, 6. Guzzini, Stefano. "Structural Power," International Organization, Summer 1993, v. 47, 443-78. Barry, Brian. Power and Political Analysis. Wrong, Dennis. Power, chs.1-5, 9. Kroll, John. "The Complexity of Interdependence," International Studies Quarterly, vol. 37, September 1993, pp.

321-48.

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Isaacs, Jeffry. Power and Marxist Theory. Garrett, Geoffrey and Tsebelis, George. “Why Resist the Temptation to Apply Power Indices to the EU?” Journal

of Theoretical Politics July 1999. V. 11 (3): 291-308. Week 5: Choosing War (Sept. 30) Fearon, James D. 1995. "Rationalist Explanations for War." International Organization vol.49

no.3 (Summer 1995): 379-414. Levy, Jack S. 1998. “The Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace.” Annual Review of

Political Science Vol. 1: 139-165. Huth, Paul K. 1999. “Deterrence and International Conflict: Empirical Findings and

Theoretical Debates.” Annual Review of Political Science vol. 2: 25-48. Fearon, James D. and David D. Laitin. 1996. "Explaining Interethnic Cooperation." American

Political Science Review vol.90 no.4 (December 1996): 715-735. Van Evera, Stephen. 1998. "Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War." In Theories of War and

Peace: An International Security Reader, edited by Michael E. Brown et al. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998: 55-94. [JXJZ1305 .T458 1998]

Gartzke, Erik. 1999. "War Is in the Error Term." International Organization 53 (3): 567-587. Jervis, Robert. 2002. “Theories of War in an Era of Leading Power Peace.” American Political

Science Review vol. 96 (1): 1-14. Wagner, R. Harrison. 2000. “Bargaining and War.” American Political Science Review vol.

44:469–85. Morrow, James . 2000. “Alliances: Why Write Them Down?” Annual Review of Political

Science vol. 3: 63-83 Vasquez, John and Christopher Leskiw. 2001. “The Origins and War Proneness of Interstate

Rivalries.” Annual Review of Political Science vol. 4: 295-316. Coletta, Damon, and Erik Gartzke. 2003. “Testing War is in the Error Term.” International

Organization 57 (2):445-48. Recommended: Stam, Allan C. 1996. Win, Lose, or Draw: Domestic Politics and the Crucible of War. Ann Arbor: University of

Michigan Press. Chs. 1-2, 8. [U21 .2 .S68 1996] Snyder, Glenn Herald and Paul Diesing. 1977. Conflict Among Nations: Bargaining, Decision Making, and

System Structure in International Crises. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Chs. 1-3, 7. [out of print; at reserves only: JX1952 .S688]

Snyder, Jack and Robert Jervis. 1999. "Civil War and the Security Dilemma." In Civil Wars, Insecurity, and Intervention, edited by Barbara F. Walter and Jack Snyder. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999: 15-37. [U240 .C584 1999]

de Figueiredo, Rui J. P. and Barry R. Weingast. 1999. "The Rationality of Fear: Political Opportunism and Ethnic Conflict." In Walter and Snyder, eds. 1999: 261-302.

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and David Lalman. 1992. War and Reason: Domestic and International Imperatives. New Haven: Yale University Press. Chs. 1-3, 6. [JX1391 .B83 1992]

Mansfield, Edward D. and Jack Snyder. 1998. "Democratization and the Danger of War." (First published in International Security vol.20 no.1 (Summer 1995): 5-38.) In Brown et al, eds. 1998: 221-254.

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Van Evera, Stephen. 1998. "Hypotheses on Nationalism and War." (First published in International Security vol.18 no.4 (Spring 1994): 5-39.) In Brown et al, eds. 1998: 257-291.

Lake, David A. and Donald Rothchild. 1998. "Containing Fear: The Origins and Management of Ethnic Conflict." In Brown et al, eds. 1998: 292-327.

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and Randolph M. Siverson. 1995. "War and the Survival of Political Leaders: A Comparative Study of Regime Types and Political Accountability." American Political Science Review vol.89 no.4 (December 1995): 841-855.

Levy, Jack S., "The Causes of War: A Review of Theories and Evidence," in Philip Tetlock, et al., eds., Behavior, Society, and Nuclear War, vol. 1, pp. 209-333.

Bennett, D. Scott and Allan C. Stam. 2000. "A Universal Test of an Expected Utility Theory of War." International Studies Quarterly vol.44 no.3 (September 2000): 451-480.

Blainey, Geoffrey. The Causes of War. 3rd ed. Wagner, R. Harrison, "War and Expected Utility Theory", World Politics, vol.36, April 1984, pp. 407-23. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, The War Trap, chs. 1-5. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, "War Trap Revisited", American Political Science Review, v. 79, March 1985, pp. 156-

176. Organski, Kenneth and Kugler, The War Ledger. Vasquez, John. The War Puzzle. Wright, Quincy. The Study of War. Esp. chs. 1, 5-7, 12, 15-19, 21-22. [in abridged edition] Axelrod, Robert. Conflict of Interest. Coser, Lewis. The Functions of Social Conflict. Walzer, Michael. Just and Unjust Wars. Singer in Russett, Peace, War and Numbers. Levy, Jack. War and the Modern Great Power System. North, Robert. and N. Choucri, Nations in Conflict. Goldstein, Joshua. "Kondratieff Waves as War Cycles", International Studies Quarterly, Dec 1986. Holsti, Kal. Peace and War. Mansfield, Edward. Power, Trade and War. Boulding, Kenneth. Conflict and Defence. Richardson, Lewis. Arms Races and Insecurity. Levy, Jack S., "Theories of General War," World Politics, vol. 37, April 1985, pp. 344-74. Jervis, Robert. Nuclear Revolution. Mueller, John. Retreat from Doomsday. Powell, Robert. Nuclear Deterrence Theory and the Problem of Credibility. Levy, Jack. "The Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace." In Polsby, Nelson, ed., Annual Review of Political

Science. Vol. 1, 1998, 139-66. Holsti, Kalevi. The State, War and the State of War. Morgan, Clifford. Untying the Knot of War. Week 6: Realism, the Balance of Power and War (Oct. 7) Waltz, Kenneth N. 1979. Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill. All.

[JX1291 .W37]

Schroeder, Paul W. 1994. "Historical Reality vs. Neo-realist Theory." International Security vol.19 no.1 (Summer 1994): 108-148.

Jervis, Robert. 1978. "Cooperation under the Security Dilemma." World Politics vol.30 no.2 (January 1978): 167-214.

Brooks, Stephen G. 1997. "Dueling Realisms." International Organization vol.51 no.3 (Summer 1997): 445-477.

Wagner, R. Harrison. 1994. “Peace, War, and the Balance of Power.” American Political Science Review 88:593–607.

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Waltz, Kenneth N. 1995. "The Emerging Structure of International Politics." (First published in International Security vol.18 no.2 (Fall 1993): 45-73.) In The Perils of Anarchy: Contemporary Realism and International Security, edited by Michael E. Brown, Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995: 42-77. [JX1391 .P45 1995g]

Mearsheimer, John J. 1995. "Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War." (First published in International Security vol.15 no.1 (Summer 1990): 5-56). In Brown et al, eds. 1995: 78-129.

Schweller, Randall L. 1995. "Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In." (First published in International Security vol.19 no.1 (Summer 1994): 72-107.) In Brown et al, eds. 1995: 249-284.

Glaser, Charles L. 1995. "Realists as Optimists: Cooperation as Self-Help." (First published in International Security vol.19 no.3 (Winter 1994/95): 50-90.) In Brown et al, eds. 1995: 377-417.

Zakaria, Fareed. 1995. "Realism and Domestic Politics: A Review Essay." (First published in International Security vol.17 no.1 (Summer 1992).) In Brown et al, eds. 1995: 462-483.

Glaser, Charles L. 1997. "The Security Dilemma Revisited." World Politics vol.50 no.1 (October 1997): 171-201.

Jervis, Robert. 1998. "Realism in the Study of World Politics." (First published in International Organization vol.52 no.4 (Autumn 1998): 971-991.) In Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, edited by Peter Katzenstein, Robert O. Keohane, and Stephen D. Krasner. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999: 331-352.

Waltz, Kenneth. 2000. "Structural Realism After the Cold War." International Security 25 (Summer 2000): 5-41.

Recommended: Keohane, Robert O, ed. 1986. Neorealism and Its Critics. New York: Columbia University Press. Chs. 1, 6, 7, 9-

11. [JX1391 .N46] Morgenthau, Hans Joachim. 1985. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. 6th edition,

revised by Kenneth W. Thompson. (First published in 1948.) New York: McGraw-Hill. Chs. 1-3, 8-10, 11-14. [JX1391 .M6 1985]

Claude, Inis L., Jr. 1962. Power and International Relations. New York: Random House. Chs. 1-3. [JX1395 .C57]

Mearsheimer, John. 2001. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. NY; Norton. Grieco, Joseph. 1990. Cooperation Among Nations: Europe, America, and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade. Ithaca:

Cornell University Press. Chs. 1, 2, 7. [HF1456 .5 .E825 .G75 1990] Walt, Stephen M. 1995. "Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power." (First published in International

Security vol.9 no.4 (Spring 1985).) In Brown et al, eds. 1995: 208-248. Elman, Colin. 1996. "Horses for Courses: Why NOT Neorealist Theories of Foreign Policy?" Security Studies

vol.6 no.1 (Autumn 1996): 7-53. Vasquez, John A. 1997. "The Realist Paradigm and Degenerative versus Progressive Research Programs: An

Appraisal of Neotraditional Research on Waltz's Balancing Proposition." American Political Science Review vol.91 no.4 (December 1997): 899-912.

Waltz, Kenneth N. 1997. "Evaluating Theories." American Political Science Review vol.91 no.4 (December 1997): 913-917.

Christensen, Thomas J. and Jack Snyder. 1997. "Progressive Research on Degenerate Alliances." American Political Science Review vol.91 no.4 (December 1997): 919-922.

Elman, Colin and Miriam Fendius Elman. 1997. "Lakatos and Neorealism: A Reply to Vasquez." American Political Science Review vol.91 no.4 (December 1997): 923-926.

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Thucydides, The Peloponnesian Wars. (Modern Library College Edition) Bk I, all; Book II, 1-65; Book III, 36-84; Book V, 84-115; Book VII, 42-87.

Carr, Edward Hallett. 1964. The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. Second, slightly revised edition. (First published in 1939 (London: Macmillan). Second edition first published in 1946.) New York: Harper & Row. Chs. 1-9. [JX3091 .C3]

Herz, John H. 1970. International Politics in the Atomic Age. (First published in 1959.) New York: Columbia University Press. Chs. 1-4, 10 (=pp.39-75, 231-243). [D843 .H46]

Wolfers, Arnold. 1962. Discord and Collaboration: Essays on International Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Chs. 4, 6, 7, 8, 10. [D843 .W64]

Waltz, Kenneth N. 1959. Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press. [JX1308 .W3]

Organski, A. F. K. "Chapter 12: The Balance of Power." In World Politics. 2nd revised edition. (First published in 1958.) New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968: 272-299.

Keohane, Robert O. and Joseph S. Nye. 1989. Power and Interdependence. 2nd edition. (First edition: Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1977.). New York: Harper Collins Publishers. Chs. 1-3; part II. [JX1395 .K428 1989]

Haas, Ernst B. 1953. "The Balance of Power: Prescription, Concept, or Propaganda?" World Politics vol.5 no.4 (July 1953): 442-477.

Doyle, Michael W. 1997. Ways of War and Peace. New York: Norton. Intro and chs. 1-5. [JX1963 .D687 1997]

Rose, Gideon. 1998. "Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy." World Politics vol.51 no.1 (October 1998): 144-172.

Schroeder, Paul W. 1986. "The 19th-Century International System: Changes in the Structure." World Politics vol.39 no.1 (October 1986): 1-26.

Garst, Daniel, "Thucydides and Neo-Realism," International Studies Quarterly vol. 33, March 1989, pp. 3-28. Doyle, Michael. "Thucydidean Realism." Review of International Studies. 16, July 1990, 223-38. Hoffmann, Stanley. "An American Social Science: International Relations." Daedalus. 106, 1977. Smith, Michael. Realist Thought from Weber to Kissinger. Kaplan, Morton A., System and Process in International Politics. Papayoanou, Paul. "Economic Interdependence and the Balance of Power." International Studies Quarterly.

March 1997. V. 41, #1:113-40. Rosecrance, Richard. Action and Reaction in World Politics, chs.1, 11, 12. Gulick, Edward. Europe's Classical Balance of Power. Riker, William, Theory of Political Coalitions. Schroeder, Paul. The Transformation of European Politics, 1763-1848. Week 7: Hegemony, Imperial Overstretch and War. (Oct.14) MIDTERM DUE. Please see the readings for week #1 also. Gilpin, Robert. 1981. War and Change in World Politics. New York: Cambridge University

Press. Chs. 2-5. [JX1291 .G53] Krasner, Stephen D. 1976. "State Power and the Structure of International Trade." World

Politics vol.28 no.3 (April 1976): 317-347. DiCicco, Jonathan, and Jack Levy. 2003. "The Power Transition Research Program." In Colin

Elman and Miriam Elman, eds., Progress in International Relations Theory, MIT Press, 2003.

Wohlforth, William. 1999. "The Stability of a Unipolar World." International Security 24 (Summer 1999): 5-41.

Levy, Jack. 1987. "Declining Power and the Preventive Motivation for War." World Politics, vol. 40 (October 1987): pp. 82-107.

Ikenberry, John and Charles Kupchan. 1990. "Socialization and Hegemonic Power." International Organization v. 44, #3 (Summer 1990): 283-315.

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Chace, James. 2002. "Imperial America and the Common Interest." World Policy 19 (Spring 2002):1-9.

Krauthammer, Charles. 2002/3. "The Unipolar Moment Revisited." National Interest 70 (Winter 2002/03): 5-17.

Rosen, Stephen. 2003. "An Empire, If You Can Keep It." National Interest 71 (Spring 2003): 51-62.

Keohane, Robert. 1997. "Problematic Lucidity." World Politics v. 50, #1 (Oct. 1997): 150-70. Oye, Kenneth A. 1986. "Explaining Cooperation Under Anarchy: Hypotheses and Strategies."

(First published as World Politics vol.38 no.1 (October 1985).) In Cooperation Under Anarchy, edited by Kenneth A. Oye. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986: 1-24. [D445 .C736 1986]

Snidal, Duncan. 1986. "The Game THEORY of International Politics." In Oye, ed. 1986: 25-57. Gowa, Joanne. 1994. Allies, Adversaries and International Trade. Princeton: Princeton

University Press. Chs. 1, 2, 7 (=pp. 3-30, 120-122). [HF1713 .G57 1993] Recommended: Walker, R.B.J. "Realism, Change and International Political Theory." International Studies Quarterly. 31, Mar

1987, 65-86. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Randolph M. Siverson, and Gary Woller. 1992. "War and the Fate of Regimes: A

Comparative Analysis." American Political Science Review vol.86 no.3 (September 1992): 638-646. Kratochwil, Friedrich. "The Embarrassment of Changes." Review of International Studies. Jan 1993, 19: 63-80. Powell, Robert. "Guns, Butter and Anarchy." APSR. Mar.1993, v. 87: 115-32. Buzan, Barry, Jones, and Little, The Logic of Anarchy, pp. 66-80,119-54. Shimko, Keith L., "Realism, Neorealism and American Liberalism," Review of Politics, vol. 54, Spring 1992, pp.

281-301. "Correspondence: Back to the Future." (Response to Mearsheimer) IS. Fall 1990, 15: 191-99. Wagner, R. Harrison. "The Theory of Games and the Balance of Power." World Politics. V. 38, July 1986, 546-76. Mastanduno, Mike, Lake, David and Ikenberry, John. "Towards a Realist Theory of State Action." International

Studies Quarterly. V. 33, 1989: 457-74. Organski, A.F.K., World Politics, ch. 14 "The Power Transition", or "Power Transition" article in IESS. Walt, Stephen M., The Origin of Alliances, esp. chs. 2, 8. Posen, Barry R., The Sources of Military Doctrine, esp. chs. 1, 2, 7. Lake, David A., "Leadership, Hegemony, and the International Economy," International Studies Quarterly, v. 37,

1993, pp.459-89. Masters, Roger D., "World Politics as a Primitive System", World Politics, 16, July 1964, pp. 595-619. Williams, Michael. "Hobbes and International Relations." International Organization. Spring 1996. 50: Hirschliefer, Jack. "Anarchy and Its Breakdown." JPE. Feb 1995. 103: 26-52. Fischer, Marcus, "Feudal Europe, 800-1300: Communal Discourse and Conflictual Practices" International

Organization, 46, Spring 1992, pp. 426-66. Hall, Rodney and Kratochwil, Friedrich "Medieval Tales: Neorealist 'Science' and the Abuse of History",

International Organization, v. 47, Summer 1993, 479-500. (Response to Fischer, and his reply.) Gilligan, Michael and B. Hunt. "The Domestic and International Sources of Foreign Policy." In Siverson, ed.,

Strategic Politicians, Institutions and Foreign Policy. pp. 143-68. Schweller, Randall. "Bandwagoning for Profit." International Security. Summer 1994. V. 19: 72-107. Mansfield, Edward. Power, Trade and War Chs. 1, 3, 4. Jervis, Robert, "International Primacy," International Security, v.17, Spring 1993, pp.52-67. Huntington, Samuel P., “Why International Primacy Matters,” International Security, v. 17, Spring 1993, pp.68-83. Week 8: States and the State System. (Oct. 21) Spruyt, Hendrik. 2002. “The Origins, Development and Possible Decline of the Modern State.”

Annual Review of Political Science vol. 5: 127-149.

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Kahler, Miles. 2002. “The State of the State in World Politics.” In Katznelson and Milner, eds, Political Science: State of the Discipline III. New York: Norton. [JC11. P65 2002]

Jervis, Robert. 1997. System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Chs. 1-4, 7. [HM131 .J44 1997]

Cederman, Lars-Erik. 1997. Emergent Actors in World Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Chs. 1-4, 9. [JX1391 .C37 1997]

Huntington, Samuel. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster. Chs. 1-4, 6, 9, 10, 12. [D860. H86 1996]

Spruyt, Hendrik. 1994. The Sovereign State and Its Competitors. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Chs, 1-3, 8-9. [JC327. S65 1994]

Jackson, Robert. 1990. Quasi-States: Sovereignty, IR and the Third World. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chs. 1-2, 6-7. [JX4041. J28 1990]

Krasner, Stephen. 2001. Problematic Sovereignty. New York: Columbia University Press. Chs. 1-2, 7-8. [KZ4041. P76 2001]

Recommended: Martin Van Creveld. 1999. The Rise and Decline of the State. New York : Cambridge University Press. [JC11

.V35 1999] Sidney Tarrow. 2001. “Transnational Politics: Contention and Institutions in International Politics. Annual Review

of Political Science. Vol. 4: 1-20. Harold K. Jacobson.2000. “International Institutions and System Transformation. Annual Review of Political

Science. vol.3: 149-166 Week 9: International Institutions in World Politics (Oct.28) Martin, Lisa and B. Simmons, eds. 2001. International Institutions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Chs. by Young, Martin, Finnemore, Chayes & Chayes, Simmons, Barnettt & Finnemore, and Martin & Simmons. [JZ4850 .I583 2001]

Keck, Margaret and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. Chs. 1, 3, 4, 6. [JF529. K43 1998]

Axelrod, Robert and R. O. Keohane. 1985. "Achieving Cooperation Under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions." (First published in World Politics vol.38 no.1 (October 1985): 226-254.) In Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, edited by David A. Baldwin. New York: Columbia University Press, 85-115. [JX1395. N385 1993]

Koremonos, Barbara, C. Lipson, and D. Snidal, eds. 2001. “The Rational Design of International Institutions.” International Organization. 55 (4): 761-800, 1019-1082.

Mearsheimer, John J. 1998. "The False Promise of International Institutions." (First published in International Security vol.19 no.3 (Winter 1994/95): 5-49.) In Theories of War and Peace: An International Security Reader, edited by Michael E. Brown et al. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998: 329-383. [JZ1305 .T458 1998]

Fearon, James D. 1998. "Bargaining, Enforcement and International Cooperation." International Organization vol.52 no.2 (Spring 1998): 269-305.

Powell, Robert. 1994. "Anarchy in International Relations Theory: The Neorealist-Neoliberalist Debate." International Organization vol.48 no.2 (Spring 1994): 313-344.

Milner, Helen V. 1992. "International Theories of Cooperation Among Nations: Strengths and Weaknesses." World Politics vol.44 no.3 (April 1992): 466-496.

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Keohane, Robert O. and Lisa L. Martin. 1998. "The Promise of Institutionalist Theory." (International Security vol.20 no.1 (Summer 1995): 39-51.) In Brown et al, eds. 1998: 384-396.

Kupchan, Charles A. and Clifford A. Kupchan. 1998. "The Promise of Collective Security." (International Security vol.20 no.1 (Summer 1995): 52-61.) In Brown et al, eds. 1998: 397-406.

Ruggie, John Gerard. 1998. "The False Premise of Realism." (International Security vol.20 no.1 (Summer 1995): 62-70.) In Brown et al, eds. 1998: 407-415.

Wendt, Alexander. 1998. "Constructing International Politics." (International Security vol.20 no.1 (Summer 1995): 71-81.) In Brown et al, eds. 1998: 416-426.

Mearsheimer, John J. 1998. "A Realist Reply." (International Security vol.20 no.1 (Summer 1995): 82-93.) In Brown et al, eds. 1998: 427-438.

Recommended: Baldwin, David A. 1993. "Neoliberalism, Neorealism, and World Politics." In Neorealism and Neoliberalism:

The Contemporary Debate, edited by David A. Baldwin. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993: 3-25. [JX1395 .N385 1993].

Grieco, Joseph M. "Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism." (First published in International Organization vol.42 no.3 (Summer 1988): 485-507.) In Baldwin, ed. 1993: 116-140.

Milner, Helen V. "The Assumption of Anarchy in International Relations Theory: A Critique." (First published in Review of International Studies vol.17 (January 1991): 67-85.) In Baldwin, ed. 1993: 143-169.

Snidal, Duncan. "Relative Gains and the Pattern of International Cooperation." (First published in American Political Science Review vol.85 no.3 (September 1991): 701-726.) In Baldwin, ed. 1993: 170-208.

Powell, Robert. "Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory." (First published in American Political Science Review vol.85 no.4 (December 1991): 1303-1320.) In Baldwin, ed. 1993: 209-233.

Keohane, Robert O. "Institutional Theory and the Realist Challenge After the Cold War." In Baldwin, ed. 1993: 269-300.

Grieco, Joseph M. "Understanding the Problem of International Cooperation: The Limits of Neoliberal Institutionalism and the Future of Realist Theory." In Baldwin, ed. 1993: 301-338.

Keohane, Robert O. 1983. "The Demand for International Regimes." (First published in International Organization vol.36 no.2 (Spring 1982): 325-355.) In International Regimes, edited by Stephen D. Krasner. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983: 141-171. [JX1954 .I485 1983]

Ruggie, John Gerard. 1983. "International Regimes, Transactions, and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order." (First published in International Organization vol.36 no.2 (Spring 1982): 379-415.) In Krasner, ed. 1983: 195-231.

Strange, Susan. 1983. "CAVE! HIC DRAGONES: A Critique of Regime Analysis." (First published in International Organization vol.36 no.2 (Spring 1982): 479-496.) In Krasner, ed. 1983: 337-354.

Krasner, Stephen D. 1983. "Regimes and Limits of Realism: Regimes as Autonomous Variables." (First published in International Organization vol.36 no.2 (Spring 1982): 497-510.) In Krasner, ed. 1983: 355-368.

Haggard, Stephan and Beth A. Simmons. 1987. "Theories of International Regimes." International Organization vol.41 no.3 (Summer 1987): 491-517.

Hasenclever, Andreas, Peter Mayer, and Volker Rittberger. 2000. "Integrating Theories of International Regimes." Review of International Studies vol.26 no.1 (January 2000): 3-33.

Hasenclever, Andreas, Peter Mayer, and Volker Rittberger. Theories of International Regimes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Chs.1, 2, 6. (A very good overview of many debates.) [JX1395 .H365 1997]

Bull, Hedley. 1977/1995. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. Chs. 1-3, 5-9, 10, 14. [JX1954 .B79 1977 or 1995]

Keohane, Robert O. 1989. "International Institutions: Two Approaches." In International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory. (First published in International Studies Quarterly vol.32 no.4 (December 1988): 379-396.) Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989: 158-179.

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Garrett, Geoffrey and George Tsebelis. 1996. "An Institutional Critique of Intergovernmentalism." International Organization vol.50 no.2 (Spring 1996): 269-299.

Nye, Joseph. "Neorealism and Neoliberalism." World Politics. 40, Jan 1988, 235-51. Rosenberg, Justin. "What's Wrong with Realism?" Review of International Studies. 16, Oct 1990, 285-305. Nettl, J. P. "The State as a Conceptual Variable." World Politics. 20, July 1968, 559-92. Axelrod, Robert, The Evolution of Cooperation, chs.1-4, 8-9. Keohane, Robert O., International Institutions and State Power, chs. 1, 5-7. Krasner, Stephen D., "Global Communications and National Power," in D. Baldwin, Neorealism and

Neoliberalism, pp. 234-49. Cortell, Andrew and James Davis. "How do International Institutions Matter?" International Studies Quarterly. V.

40, 1996: 451-478. Jervis, Robert, "Realism, Game Theory, and Cooperation," World Politics, Apr 1988, 40: 317-349. Keohane, Robert O., After Hegemony. chs. 1-7, 11. Haas, Peter. Saving the Mediterranean. Rittberger, Volker. ed. Regime Theory and International Relations. Deutsch, Karl. Political Community and the North Atlantic Area. Haas, Ernest. The Uniting of Europe. Nye, Joseph. Peace in Parts. Ruggie, John. "Collective Goods and Future Cooperation", APSR, Sept 1972, pp. 874-93. Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Action. Hardin, Garrett. Collective Action. Ostrom Elinor. Governing the Commons. Week 10: Constructing International Politics (Nov. 11). Wendt, Alexander. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. New York: Cambridge

University Press. Chs. 1-4, 8. [JZ1251 .W46 1999] Finnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. 2001. “Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research

Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science Vol. 4: 391-416.

Risse, Thomas. 2000. "'Let's Argue:' Communicative Action in World Politics." International Organization vol.54 no.1 (Winter 2000): 1-39.

Checkel, Jeffrey T. 1998. "The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory." World Politics vol.50 no.2 (January 1998): 324-348.

Risse, Thomas. 2001. “Constructivism and International Institutions: Toward Conversations Across Paradigms.” In Katznelson and Milner, eds, Political Science: State of the Discipline III. New York: Norton. [JC11. P65 2002]

Adler, Emanuel. 1997. "Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics." European Journal of International Relations (London) vol.3 no.3 (September 1997): 319-363.

Kratochwil, Friedrich and John Gerard Ruggie. 1986. "International Organization: A State of the Art on an Art of the State." International Organization vol.40 no.4 (Autumn 1986): 753-775.

Wæver, Ole. 1999. "The Sociology of a Not So International Discipline: American and European Developments in International Relations." (International Organization vol.52 no.4 (Autumn 1998): 687-727.) In Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, edited by Peter Katzenstein, Robert O. Keohane, and Stephen D. Krasner. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999: 47-87. [JZ1242 .E98 1999]

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Ruggie, John G. 1999. "What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-Utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge." (IO 1998: 855-885.) In Katzenstein et al, eds. 1999: 215-245.

Finnemore, Martha and Kathryn Sikkink. 1999. "International Norm Dynamics and Political Change." (IO 1998: 887-917.) In Katzenstein et al, eds. 1999: 247-277.

March, James G. and Johan P. Olsen. 1999. "The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders." (IO 1998: 943-969.) In Katzenstein et al, eds. 1999: 303-329.

[Forum on Social Theory of International Politics (on reserve under Wendt 2000):] Keohane, Robert O. "Ideas Part-Way Down." Review of International Studies vol.26 no.1

(January 2000): 125-130. Krasner, Stephen D. "Wars, Hotel Fires, and Plane Crashes." Review of International

Studies vol.26 no.1 (January 2000): 131-136. Doty, Roxanne Lynn. "Desire All the Way Down." Review of International Studies vol.26

no.1 (January 2000): 137-139. Alker, Hayward R. "On Learning from Wendt." Review of International Studies vol.26

no.1 (January 2000): 141-150. Smith, Steve. "Wendt's World." Review of International Studies vol.26 no.1 (January

2000): 151-163. Wendt, Alexander. "On the Via Media: A Response to the Critics." Review of International

Studies vol.26 no.1 (January 2000): 165-180. Recommended: Goldstein, Judith and Robert O. Keohane. 1993. "Ideas and Foreign Policy: An Analytical Framework." In Ideas

and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change, edited by Judith Goldstein and Robert O. Keohane. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993: 3-30. [JX1391 .I33 1993]

Hall, John A. 1993. "Ideas and the Social Science." In Goldstein and Keohane, eds., 1993: 31-54. Sikkink, Kathryn. 1993. "The Power of Principled Ideas: Human Rights Policies in the United States and Western

Europe." In Goldstein and Keohane, eds., 1993: 139-170. Garrett, Geoffrey and Barry Weingast. 1993. "Ideas, Interests, and Institutions: Constructing the European

Community's Internal Market." In Goldstein and Keohane, eds., 1993: 173-206. Wendt, Alexander E. 1992. "Anarchy Is What States Make Of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics."

International Organization vol.46 no.2 (Spring 1992): 391-425. Wendt, Alexander E. 1987. "The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory." International

Organization vol.41 no.3 (Summer 1987): 335-370. Dessler, David. 1989. "What's at Stake in the Agent-Structure Debate?" International Organization vol.43 no.3

(Summer 1989): 441-473. Carlnaes, Walter. "The Agency-Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis." International Studies Quarterly. 36,

Sept 1992, 245-70. Hollis, Martin and Smith, Steve. "Two Stories about Structure and Agency." Review of International Studies. 20,

July 1994, 241-51. Hopf, Ted. "The Promise of Constructivism in IR Theory." International Security. V.23, Summer 1998: 171-200. Katzenstein, Peter J, ed. 1996. The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New

York: Columbia University Press. Chs. 1-2, 4, 12-13. [https://www1.columbia.edu/sec/dlc/cup/katzenstein/index.html]

Finnemore, Martha. "Chapter One: Defining State Interests" and "Chapter Two: Norms and State Structure: UNESCO and the Creation of State Science Bureaucracies." In National Interest in International Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996: 1-33; 34-68. [JX1395 .F485 1996]

Doyle, Michael and John Ikenberry, eds. 1997. New Thinking in International Relations Theory. Boulder: Westview Press. Chs. 3-5. [JZ1305 .N49 1997]

Mercer, Jonathan. 1995. "Anarchy and Identity." International Organization vol.49 no.2 (Spring 1995): 229-252. Kier, Elizabeth. 1997. Imagining War: French and British Military Doctrine Between the Wars. Princeton:

Princeton University Press. [UA700 .K54]

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Katzenstein, Peter J. "Japanese Security." In Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Postwar Japan. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996: 1-16. [UA854 .K376 1996]

Johnston, Alaistair I. "Chapter One: Strategic Culture: A Critique." and "Chapter Two: Some Questions of Methodology." In Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995: 1-31; 32-60. [DS753 .J64 1995]

Klotz, Audie. Norms in International Politics. Wendt, Alexander. "Collective Identity Formation and the International State." APSR. 88, June 1994, 384-98. Symposium on "Does Strategic Culture Matter?" in International Security. Spring 1995. V. 19, 4, pp.5-93. (Essays

by Rosen, Johnston, and Kier). Kratochwil, Friedrich. Rules, Norms and Decisions. chs. 1-4, 7-8. Reus-Smit, Christian. "The Constitutional Structure of International Society and the Nature of Fundamental

Institutions." International Organization. Aut 1997. V. 51, 7: 555-90. Hall, Rodney Bruce. "Moral Authority as a Power Resource." International Organization. Aut 1997. V. 51, 7:

591-622. Deudney, Daniel. "The Philadelphia System." International Organization Spring 1995. 49: 191-228. Sylvester, Christine. Feminist Theory and International Relations in a Postmodern Era. Cambridge UP, 1994 Tickner, J. Ann, Gender in International Relations. Price, Richard. "Reversing the Gun Sights." International Organization. V.52, Summer 1998: 613-44. Week 11: Domestic Politics I: The Democratic Peace (Nov. 18) Reiter, Dan, and Allan Stam. 2002. Democracies at War. Princeton NJ: Princeton University

Press. Chs. 1-2, 6-8. [JC421 .R4185 2002]

Russett, Bruce and John Oneal. 2001. Triangulating Peace. New York: Norton. All, esp. chs 1-5. [JZ1320 .R87 2001]

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, et al. 1999. "An Institutional Explanation of the Democratic Peace." American Political Science Review vol.93 no.4 (December 1999): 791-807.

Brown, Michael, Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven E. Miller, eds. 1996. Debating the Democratic Peace. Cambridge: MIT Press. All. [JX1952 .D43 1996]

Cederman, Lars Erik. 2001. “Back to Kant: Reinterpreting the Democratic Peace as a Macrohistorical Learning Process.” American Political Science Review 95 (1): 15-32.

Fearon, James D. 1994. "Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes." American Political Science Review vol.88 no.3 (September 1994): 577-592.

Schultz, Kenneth. 1998. "Domestic Opposition and Signaling in International Crises." American Political Science Review vol.92 no.4 (December 1998): 829-844.

Schultz, Kenneth. 1999. "Do Democratic Institutions Constrain or Inform? Contrasting Two Institutional Perspectives on Democracy and War." International Organization vol.53 no.2 (Spring 1999): 233-266.

Lake, David A. 1992. "Powerful Pacifists: Democratic States and War." American Political Science Review vol.86 no.1 (March 1992): 24-37.

Recommended: Russett, Bruce. 1993. Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post-Cold War World. Princeton:

Princeton University Press. Chs. 1-2, 4, 6. [JC423 .R824 1993] Russett, Bruce, John R. Oneal and David R. Davis. "The Third Leg of the Kantian Tripod for Peace: International

Organizations and Militarized Disputes, 1950-1985." International Organization vol.52 no.3 (Summer 1998): 441-467.

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Oneal, John R. and Bruce M. Russett. 1997. "The Classical Liberals Were Right: Democracy, Interdependence, and Conflict, 1950-1985." International Studies Quarterly vol.41 no.2 (June 1997): 267-294.

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