G ^NN OHNWNVL NV[KP 5LNQGG N = H N RDO HNWO ...rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in/books-2019/cls10/SUPW.pdfG^NN IRN OHNWNVL NV[KP5LNQGGN = RDOHNWOVRN /NH LZ NN=DG º OD YI N[H^NV YDG+NNM

ShankNeon Lamp

Clip

v/;k; & 1

fo|qr midj.k] okgu o oL=ksa dk j[kj[kko

1-1 fo|qr VsLVj dk iz;ksx djuk1- ;g ns[kus esa ispdl tSlk yxrk gS ijUrq ;g ispdl ugha gSA

2- blds CysM dh yEckbZ izk;% 8 ls-eh- gksrh gSA

3- blds gSfUMy esa ,d dkcZu jftLVj rFkk ,d fu;ksu ySEi] ‘’kSad vkSj gSfUMy ds Åij /kkfRod dSai ds chp la;ksftr jgrk gSA

4- bldk mi;ksx Qst dh mifLFkfr rFkk igpku ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

5- tc Hkwfe ij [kM+k O;fDr bldh dSai dks Li’kZ djrk gqvk bldh fVi dks Qst rkj@fiu ls Li’kZ djrk gSA rks bldk fu;ksu ySEi ped mBrk gSA tks Qst dh mifLFkfr n’kkZrk gSA

6- ;g 500 oksYV rd dk;Z djus ds fy, cuk;k tkrk gSA

fp= & fo|qr VsLVj

1-2 Iyx dk rkj tksM+uk1- midj.k dh esu yhM ds rhuksa rkjksa ;Fkk Qst] U;qVªy vkSj vFkZ dks Iyx VkWi ds fiuksa esa bl

izdkj dlsa fd os lkWfdV ds Øe’k% Qst] U;qVªy rFkk vFkZ ls gh lEidZ djsaA ;fn vko’;d gks rks Qst VsLVj ls Qst dh igpku dj ysaA

2- Iyx dk Åijh ckgjh Hkkx dqpkyd@fo|qr jks/kd inkFkZ ls cuk gksrk gSA

1-3 fo|qr ghVj dh ejEer o j[kj[kko

1-3-1 fo|qr ghVj (Electrical - Heater)

ghVj dh cukoV (Construction of Electrical Heater)

ghVj ds eq[; Hkkx fuEu gS %&

1- cSal

2- IysV

3- ,sfyesUV

[ 1 ]

4- ykbZu dusDVj

¼1½ cSal ¼2½ ¼3½ ,sfyesUV ¼4½ ykbZu dusDVj %

1- cSal vk;ju dk cuk gksrk gSA IysaV fpduh feV~Vh dh gksrh gSA IysV xksy vkdkj dh gksrh gSA ftlesa ,syhesUV j[kk tkrk gSA bu ukfy;ksa esa cjkcj nwjh ij fNnz cus gksrs gSaA ftlls gok vkrh gSA tks ,syhesUV tykus esa lgk;rk djrh gSA

2- ,syhesUV ckgj ugha fudys blds fy, Åij dh vksj mHkjs fljs gksrs gSaA

3- fo|qr ghVj esa fo|qr ,syhesUV ukbZØkse /kkrq dk cuk gksrk gSA tks fd fufdy rFkk Øksfe;e dh feJ /kkrq dk gksrk gSA

4- ;g fofHkUu xstksa dk cuk gksrk gSA lkekU;r% 24 ;k 26 dk ok;j 750 ;k 1000 okV ds fy, iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA gkykafd 500] 1500] 2000 okV~l ds ,syhesUV Hkh miyC/k gSA

ghVj eas fuEu [kjkfc;k¡ gks ldrh gSa %&

1- ghVj dk ugha tyuk

2- ghVj esa fpaxkfj;ksa dk fudyuk

3- ,syhesUV dk /kqavk nsuk

4- ,syhesUV dk lgh rki ugha nsuk

fo|qr ghVj ds u tyus ds fuEu dkj.k %&

1- fo|qr lIykbZ dk ¶;wt mM+k gks rks ¶;wt dks cnyuk pkfg;sA ;g ¶;wt mM+us dk dkj.k ghVj esa ’kkVZ lfdZV gks ldrk gSA

2- ;fn ghVj dk ,syhesUV vkWiu gks x;k gks& ;fn ySEi ugha tyrk gks rks ;g fo|qr ds VwVus ;k blds VfeZuy ls gV tkus dks bafxr djrk gSA ;g vkWiu ifjiFk dks crkrk gSA

vkWiu vkSj y?kq ifjiFk nks"k dk irk yxkuk (Test for finding open

circuit and short circuit in Heater)(i) vkWiu vkSj y?kq ifjiFk nks"k dk irk yxkus ds fy, VsLV ySEi dk iz;ksx djds ghVj dks VsLV

fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Element

Plate Heating

Electric Heater

P

N

[ 2 ]

(ii) blesa VsLV ySEi dh yhMa dks fo|qr ghVj ds ,syhesUV esa buiqV VfeZuy ds nksuksa fdukjksa ls tksM+rs gSaA

(iii) ;fn VsLV ysEi foydqy ugha tyrk gS rks ;g bafxr djrk gS fd ghVj vkWiu lfdZV gSA

(iv) ;fn ysEi /khjs ls tyrk gS rks fo|qr rÙo lgh gksrk gSA vr% ghVj dh mijksDr tk¡p esa ;fn VsLV ysEi iwjh rjg ls tys rks ;g ’kkWVZ lfdZV dks n’kkZrk gSA

(v) bl ,syhesUV dks Q’kZ ij lh/kk j[kdj uki fy;k tkrk gSA vc fo|qr ,syhesUV ds nksuksa fljksa ij nks rkj tksM+dj bls lIykbZ nh tkrh gSA ,slk djus ls ,syhesUV ls FkksM+k /kqavk fudyrk gSA rks ;g lkekU; voLFkk gSA ,syhesUV xeZ gksus ij blds nksuksa fljksa ij ca/kh ih-oh-lh- rkj dks [khapdj bldh yEckbZ ukis x;s /kkxs dh yEckbZ ds cjkcj dj nh tkrh gSA ,syhesUV dks xeZ djus ij mls [khapuk vklku gksrk gSA vc lIykbZ dks can djds ,syhesUV ds fdukjksa ls rkjksa dks gVk nsrs gSaA

¼2½ ghVj ds vkWiu lfdZV gksus dh n’kk esa %&

ghVj ds vkWiu lfdZV gksus dh n’kk esa /;ku ls ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd ,syhesUV dgha VwVk gqvk rks ugha gSA blds fy;s ukfy;ksa esa isapdl Qsjdj tkap dh tkrh gSA ,syhesUV Bhd gksus dh n’kk esa ;g ns[kuk pkfg;s fd dgha dusD’ku ok;j vyx ugha gks x;s gksA ’kkWVZ lfdZV T;knkrj dusDVj esa gksrk gSA D;ksafd ogka ghVj dh xehZ ds dkj.k rkjksa dk bUlqys’ku fi?ky tkrk gS rFkk rkjsa ’kkWVZ gks tkrh gSaA

¼3½ fo|qr ghVj esa fpaxkfj;ksa ds fudyus dk dkj.k

fo|qr ghVj esa fpaxkfj;ksa ds fudyus dk dkj.k ywt dusD’ku gks ldrk gSA T;knkrj ,syhesUV ds fljksa ij yxs LØw rFkk mu fljksa ls dusDVj rd x;h rkjksa esa <hyk dusD’ku gks ldrk gSA

¼4½ ,syhesUV esa /kqavk fudyus ij %&

,syhesUV esa /kqavk fudyus ij u;s ghVj ,syhesUV esa /kqavk fudyrk gSA blds vykok nw/k bR;kfn ;fn ,syhesUV ij fxj tkrk gS rks ;g FkksM+h esa Bhd gks tkrk gSA

¼5½ ,syhesUV }kjk de ;k vf/kd rki nsus ds dkj.k %&

,syhesUV }kjk de ;k vf/kd rki nsus ds dkj.k iz;ksx esa yk;s x;s ,syhesUV esa yxs gq;s tksM+ gksrs gSaA ftlls ,syhesUV dVdj NksVk gks tkrk gSA blds dkj.k ghVj esa vf/kd rki mRiUu gksrk gSA ;fn iz;ksx esa yk;s x;s ,syhesUV dh yEckbZ T;knk gS rks ghVj esa de rki mRiUu gksxkA

vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa ,syhesUV dks cnyuk pkfg;sA

PN

[ 3 ]

fo|qr rkid ¼ghVj½ esa HkwlEifdZr nks"k %&

Test for finding EARTH FAULT IN HEATER :- 1- ghVj esa vFkZ QkYV dk irk yxkus ds fy, VssLV ysEi dh ,d yhM dks fo|qr ghVj ds ,syhesUV

esa buiqV VjfeUM ds ,d fdukjs ls rFkk nwljh yhM dks ghVj ds ckWMh ls yxkrs gSaA ;fn ysEi tyrk gS rks vFkZ QkYV dks n’kkZrk gSA

2- ghVj esa fpaxkfj;ka fudyus ds dkj.k <hyk dusD’ku gks ldrk gSA

3- ,syhesUV }kjk de ;k vf/kd rki nsus dk dkj.k iz;ksx esa yk;s ;s ,syhesUV esa yxs gq;s tksM+ gksrs gSa ftlls ,syhesUV dV dj NksVk gks tkrk gSA blds dkj.k ghVj esa vf/kd rki mRiUu gksrk gSA ;fn iz;ksx esa yk;s x;s usi ,syhesUV dh yEckbZ vf/kd gS rks ghVj esa de rki mRiUu gksxkA

fo|qr rkid ¼ghVj½ dh ejEer ,oa la;kstu vkSj fo;kstu %&1- ghVj esa ’kkVZ lfdZV gksus dh n’kk esa ghVj ds ,syhesUV dks ckgj fudky fy;k tkrk gSA bldks

fudkyus ds fy, ghVj esa ,syhesUV ds fljksa ij yxs uVksa dks [kksydj ghVj dks mYVk djds ,syhesUV dks fudky fy;k tkrk gSA ;g lEHko gS fd ,syhesUV iwjh rjg ls ugha fudky ik;s rFkk buds dqN VqdM+s ghVj esa jg tk;s ,slh fLFkfr esa cps gq;s VqdM+ksa dks [kqjpdj fudkyuk pkfg;sA

vc bl ,syhesUV dks ,d u;s ,syhesUV ls izfrLFkkfir dj fn;k tkrk gSA u;k ,syhesUV Mkyus ds fy, igys ,d /kkxk ysdj phuh feV~Vh dh IysV dh ukfy;ksa esa ,d fljs ls ysdj nwljs fljs rd ukfy;ksa ls gksrs gq;s Mkyk tkrk gS fQj fudky fy;k tkrk gSA

1-3-2 Vscy ysEi dh ejEer o j[kj[kko ,d LVs.M ij ysEi yxk dj LVs.M dks Vscy ij j[k nsrs ;k fQDl dj i<+us ;k dksbZ fyf[kr dk dk;Z djus ds fy, ysEi jks’kuh djus gsrq mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA

ysEi dh cukoV %&

ysEi ds eq[;r% rhu Hkkx gksrs gSa %&

1- LVs.M fLop lfgr 2- czsdsV 3- gksYMj ysEi lfgr

1- LVs.M fLop lfgr %&

;g LVs.M /kkrq ;k IykfLVd dk gksrk gSA ftlesa flaxy iksy flaxy&os fLop ysEi dks fu;a=.k djus ds fy;s yxk gksrk gSA ;g Hkkx LVs.M dks Vscy ij j[kus ;k fQDl djus okyk gksrk gSA

2- czsdsV %&

;g LVs.M esa ikbi ds :i esa LVhy] yksgk ;k fdlh vU; /kkrq dk cuk gksrk gSA ;g vUnj ls [kks[kyk gksrk gSA blesa ls dusD’ku ds fy;s rkj xqtjk gksrk gSA blds nksuksa rjQ rkj fudydj ,d rjQ LVs.M esa rFkk nwljh rjQ gksYMj dks dlus esa dke vkrk gSA

3- gksYMj %&

czsdsV Vkbi gksYMj gksrk gS ftlds ihNs dk Hkkx czsdsV esa yxk gksrk gS vkSj bl izdkj dh O;oLFkk ds }kjk LFkkfir gksrk gSA bldks vko’;drk ds vuqlkj ?kqek;k tk ldrk gSA bl gksYMj esa

[ 4 ]

Incondescent Lamp ;k CFL ysEi yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

Vscy ysEi dh ejEer djuk %& bl Vscy ysEi esa lk/kkj.kr;k fLop [kjkc gks tkrk gS ;k ysEi mM+ tkrk gSA ftls cny nsrs gSa ;k fQj ok;fjax ’kkWVZ ;k vkWiu gks ldrh gSA ftldks VsfLVax ysEi ls VsLV dj fjis;j dj nh tkrh gS ;k fQj ykbu vFkZ gks rks mls nqjLr dj nh tkrh gSA

1-4 nks ifg;k okgu dk j[kj[kko %&

ifg;s (Wheels) %&

1- izk;% eksVjlkbZfdy o LdwVj esa nks ifg;s dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

2- dqN dEifu;ka buesa FkksM+k lk ifjorZu djds fiNys fgLls esa rhu ifg;s cuk nsrh gSA ftudk iz;ksx vksVksfjD’kk ds :i esa gksrk gSA

3- ifg;s esa fjax ds Åij Vk;j V~;wc p<+s gksrs gSaA tSls fd eksVj xkM+h esa iz;ksx gksrs gSaA rFkk eksVj lkbZfdy ds fjax LiksDM Oghy fje gksrs gSaA buesa gc rFkk fje dks tksM+us ds fy, yksgs dh rkuksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

4- rkuksa dks <hyk gksus ;k fdlh nq?kZVuk ds dkj.k ifg;s Vs<+s gks tkrs gSa ;k ifg;s esa ypd vk tkrh gSA bl izdkj ds ifg;s ds dkj.k eksVj lkbZfdy dh pky esa vUrj vkrk gS rFkk cSysal djuk Hkh dfBu gks tkrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa rkuksa dks Bhd izdkj dldj ifg;ksa ds ,ykbuesUV dks pSd djuk pkfg;sA

5- LdwVj ds Oghy fje esa fje ds lkFk dqN ifÙk;k¡ vUnj dh vksj tqM+h jgrh gSA bu ifÙk;ksa ds lkFk fje fMLd uV cksYV }kjk tksM+h tkrh gSA

6- ifg;k fdlh Hkh xkM+h dk gks rks mlesa tax ugha yxk gksuk pkfg;sA vU;Fkk V~;wc esa iapj gksus dk Hk; jgrk gSA

7- ifg;s dks fQV djrs le; xkbM fiu dks lgh izdkj Qalkuk pkfg;s vU;Fkk FkksM+h lh xyrh ls cM+h nq?kVuk gks ldrh gSA

eksVj lkbfdy rFkk LdwVj ds fy, /;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckrsa %&1- isVªksy esa lgh vuqikr dk 2T vkW;y iz;ksx djsaA

2- vf/kd ;k de rsy gkfudkjd gSA 5% 2T ;k 4% S.A.E. 30 eksfcy vkW;y MkyasA

3- ,;j fQYVj rFkk eksVj lkbfdy ds vkW;y fQYVj lnk lkQ j[ksaA

4- LikdZ Iyx esa 0-04 ls 0-05 mm rd xsi j[ksaA

5- vPNk rFkk funsZf’kr LikdZ Iyx cny nsuk pkfg;sA

6- 12000 ls 16000 fd-eh- ds ckn Iyx cny nsuk pkfg;sA

7- LikdZ Iyx dks le; le; ij lkQ djsa vkSj mlds xSi dks ,MtLV djsaA

8- ,;j fQYVj dks 8000 fdeh- ij cny nsuk pkfg;sA

9- psu dks bl izdkj ,MtLV j[ksa fd og u rks cgqr VkbZV gks u gh og cgqr <hyk gksA

[ 5 ]

10- fx;j cnyrs le; Dyp dks Bhd izdkj fML,saxst djsaA

11- Dyp Ýh Iys lgh ,MtLV j[ksaA

12- izFke fx;j esa 20 f}rh; fx;j esa 30 r`rh; fx;j esa 40 rFkk VkWi fx;j esa 70 fdeh- izfr ?k.Vs dh pky ls vf/kd pykuk mi;ksxh ugha gSA

13- le;&le; ij xkM+h dh lfoZl mldh vk;q dks c<+krh gSA

eksVjlkbfdy dk ifg;k

eksVj lkbfdy rFkk LdwVj ds eq[; nks"k ,oa mipkj %& nks"k dkj.k mipkj

1- batu LVkVZ ugha gksrk ;k can gks tkrk gS

2- batu ukWd djrk gSA

3- batu fel Qk;j djrk gS

1- dkcqZjsVj leqfpr isVªksy ugha tk jgk gSA

2- dkcqZjsVj esa isVªksy dh vf/kdrkA

3- dkcqZjsVj tSV cUn gSA

4- LikdZ Iyx xUns gSaA

5- LikdZ Iyx xSi de ;k vf/kd gSA

6- LikdZ Iyx nks"kiw.kZ gSA

7- lh-ch- iksbUV nks"kiw.kZ gSA

8- eSxusVksa nks"kiw.kZ gSA

1- isVªksy rFkk eksfcy vkW;y dk vuqikr lgh ugha gSA

2- dkcZu te tkus ds dkj.k le; ls iwoZ feJ.k ty tkrk gSA

3- bXuh’ku Vkbfeax lgh ugha gSA

1- dkcqZjsVj dks leqfpr isVªksy ugha izkIr gks jgk gSA

2- LikdZ Iyx xSi vf/kd gSA

3- LikdZ Iyx xUns gSaA

1- :dkoV dh tk¡p djsaA

2- ¶yksV lrg dh tk¡p djsaA

3- tSV lkQ djsaA

4- LikdZ Iyx lkQ djsa ;k cnysaA

5- xSi lgh ,MtLV djsaA

6- LikdZ Iyx cnysaA

7- lh-ch- iksbUV cnysaaA

8- eSxusVksa dh tk¡p djsaA

1- lgh vuqikr esa isVªksy rFkk eksfcy vkW;y MkysA

2- dkcZu lkQ djsaA

3- bXuh’ku Vkbfeax lgh lSV djsaA

1- ¶;wy ykbu dh tk¡p djsa rFkk lkQ djsaA

2- xSi lgh ,MtLV djsaA

3- LikdZ Iyx lkQ djsaA

[ 6 ]

4- dkcq Zj sVj es a Hkh bxuh’ku ls vkx yxukA

5- batu xeZ gksrk gS rFkk ’kfDr dk uqdlku gksrk gSA

6- batu esa isVªksy dh vf/kd [kir

7- Dyp fLyi djrk gSA-

4- lh-ch- Iokb.V xUns gSaA

5- lh-ch- Iokb.V lgh ,MtLV ugha gSA

1- le; ls iwoZ feJ.k esa vkx yx tkrh gSA

2- LikdZ Iyx ’kh?kz xeZ gks tkrs gSaA

3- LikdZ Iyx esa dkcZu tek gSA

1- gok&isVªksy dk feJ.k detksj gSA

2- bxuh’ku Vkbfeax xyr gSA

3- lkbySUlj yxHkx cUn gSA

4- flyS.Mj gSM <hyk gSA

1- dkcZqjsVj ,;j gkst esa :dkoVA

2- ,;j Dyhuj xUnk gSA

3- pksd iwjh rjg okil ugha tkrkA

4- ¶yksV pSEcj dh lrg vf/kd gSA

1- Dyp ,lSEcyh esaVsy dh dehA

2- Dyp IysV ty xbZ gSA f?kl xbZA

3- izS’kj fLizax detksj gSA

4- lh-ch- Iokb.V lkQ djsaA

5- lh-ch- Iokb.V lgh ,MtLV djsaA

1- izh bxuh’ku nks"k nwj djsaA

2- gkbZghV jsat dk LikdZ Iyx iz;ksx djsaA

3- LikdZ Iyx lkQ djsaA

1- ,;j LØw }kjk feJ.k lgh djsaA

2- Vkbfeax lgh lSV djsaA

3- lkbySUlj ls dkcZu lkQ djsaA

4- flysUMj gSM VkbV djsaA

1- ,;j gkst ikbi lkQ djsaA

2- ,;j Dyhuj lkQ djsaA

3- pksd yhoj] cVj ¶ykbZ dh tk¡p djsaA

4- ¶yksV lgh ,MtLV djsaA

1- lgh lrg rd rsy HkjsaA

2- Dyp IysV cnysaA

3- fLizax cnysaA

1-5 oL=ksa dh /kqykbZ %& ’kkjhfjd LokLF; dks mÙke cuk;s j[kus ds fy, oL= LoPN] eksgd ,oa vkjkenk;d gksaA oL=ksa dks LoPN ,oa uohu cuk;s j[kus ds fy, oL=ksa dh /kqykbZ dh tkrh gSA ̂ ^/kqykbZ^^ ’kCn dk vFkZ gS oL=ksa ls /kwy feV~Vh] fpdukbZ] ilhuk] dhVk.kq vkfn dks gVkuk ;k lkQ djuk ,oa ifjlTtk djuk rkfd /kqys oL= iguus ij vkidk O;fDrRo f[ky mBsA

[ 7 ]

1- /kksus ls

iwoZ rS;

kjh

2- ’kks/kd

inkFkZ dk p

;u

3- ikuh esa fHkxksuk

4- /kqykbZ

1- ;fn

oL= dgha

ls dVk

&QVk

gS rks

mldh

ejEer djsaA

2- ;fn /kCck y

xk gS rks fof/k

iwoZd N

qM+k,¡A

3- ;fn

deht

jax

hu gS

rks mls v

yx d

jsaA

1- fMVjt

saV o

lkcqu

dk

p;u d

jsa

1- ;fn oL=

vf/kd

xUns gS

rks ckYVh esa xqux

quk ikuh ysdj ,d

NksVk fM

VjtsaV

ikoMj

Mky

dj

15&20

feuV fHkxks;asA

2- ;fn

deht

jax

hu gS

rks ued

ds ikuh

esa 5&

10 feuV fHkx

ks,a1- l

yokj o d

eht d

ks cz’k dh l

gk;rk l

s /khjs&/khjs

jxM+ d

j eSy N

qM+k,aA

2- ;fn

lyokj

dk

ik;pk

vf/kd

xank gS rks l

kcqu yxkd

j cz’k jxM+dj eSy

1- /kwy feV~Vh d

ks >Vd

dj

gVk nsosaA2- ;

fn dVk ;

k m/kM

+ x;k

gS rks ejEer djsaA

3- LosVj dk

dkxt

;k

v[kckj

ij js[kkfp

=

cukdj j[k y

sosaA

1- mnkl

hu lkcqu o jhBs d

s ikuh esa l

s fdlh ,d

dk

iz;ksx d

jsa1- Å

uh LosVj

dks

lkns

xqux

qus ikuh esa fHkxksd

j dsoy

5

feuV j[kd

j mls ikuh esa l

s fudky

ysosaA

2- vf/kd

nsj rd u fHkx

ks,a

1- xqux

qus ikuh esa ,d cM

+k pEep

jhBs dk ikuh ;

k lkcqu d

k ?kksy M

kydj

>kx cuk,A

2- LosVj dks bl

esa fHkxks d

j gYd

s gkFkksa ls nck&

nck

1- ;fn oL=

dgha l

s dVk&

QVk

gS rks mldh ejEer d

jsaA2- ;

fn /kCck

yxk gS

rks fof/k

iwoZd N

qM+k,¡A

1- fMVjt

saV dk p

;u d

jsaA

1- ;fn oL=

vf/kd

xUnk gks rks

gYds x

quxqus ikuh esa 5&

10 feuV

rd fHkx

ksdj

fudky

ysosa

1- fMVjt

sUV ds ?kksy

esa

gYds

gkFk ls ey

rs gq, /kqykbZ d

jsaA2- oL=

dks fM

VjtsUV d

s ?kksy esa

vf/kd

nsj rd u j[ksaA

3- vf/kd

xank gksus ij gkFk l

s ey

sA

1- ;fn oL=

QVk gS rks

ejEer djsaA

2- ;fn /kCck y

xk gS rks

NqM+k,aA

1- mnl

hu lkcqu ,oa jhBs

ds ikuh esa l

s ,d d

k p;u d

jsaA1- ;

fn oL=

xank

gS rks

xqux

qus ikuh esa dsoy

5 fe

uV

fHkxks

dj

fudky

saA

1- jhBs ;k m

nklhu l

kcqu] tsf.Vy

;k

bZth

ds

?kksy esa

fHkxksd

j /khjs

/khjs gkFk

ls nck

dj

/kqykbZ d

jsaA2- v

f/kd xank gksus ij

fofHkUu

izdkj d

s oL= /kksu

s dh fof/k %&

/kqykbZ d

s pj.k

lwrh oL=

Åuh oL=

d`f=

e oL=

js’ke

h oL=

lyokj&

deht

LosV

j ¼js;

ku&uk;yksu½d

eht

nqiV

~Vk

[ 8 ]

5- [kaxky

uk

6- ifjlTt

k ¼uhy

dyQ y

xkuk½

NqM+k,aA

3- deht

ds xans

Hkkx ij

lkcqu y

xkd

j lkQ

djsaA

1- /kqykbZ

ds ckn

lkcqu

ds

va’k

fudky

us gsrq

lkQ

ikuh esa nks rhu ckj [kax

ky

ysosaA fQ

j gYds gkFkksa l

s fup

ksM+ d

j ikuh fudky

saA

1- lQsn l

yokj d

ks mTt

y

cuk;s j[kus d

s fy, uhy

yxkuk v

ko’;d gksrk gSA

ckYVh esa lyokj Hkhx

tk;s

mruk ikuh y

sosaA fQj ,d

pqVd

h uhy

gFksy

h ij

ysdj ikuh fey

kdj v

PNh

rjg ?kksysa rkfd

xqBy

h u cusaA

fQj

bl ?kksy

dks

lkQ

ikuh

esa ?kksy

dj

lyokj

dks nks

rhu ckj

Åij

uhps djsaA

lyokj

dks 5 feuV rd

uhy d

s dj fup

ksM+sA

3- vf/kd

xans Hkkx

ij >kx

yxk d

j eSy gVkosaA

1- /kqys

LosVj dks

lkQ

xqux

qus ikuh

esa nksuksa

gkFkksa dk l

gkjk nsrs gq, nks rhu ckj [kax

ky y

sosaA fQ

j gFksfy

;ksa

ds chp

nckd

j fupksM+s v

kSj lkQ

rkSfy

;s

esa yisV

dj

nckdj

ikuh fud

ky

nsosaA

4- cz’k dk iz;

ksx u d

jsaA5- oL=

ij lkcqu d

h fVfd;ka

dk iz;

ksx u d

jsaA

1- B.Ms ikuh esa oL=

dks gkFk d

k lgkjk nsrs gq, [kax

ky y

sosaA oL=

dks gkFk ;

k rkSfy;s l

s nckd

j ikuh

fudky

ysosaA

fupkM+s ughaA

diM

+s dks gFksy

h ij eysaA

3- cz’k dk

iz;ksx ugha

djsaA

1- nks&rhu

ckj xqux

qus ikuh

esa [kax

ky dj

vfUre ckj BaM

s ikuh esa dqN cwansa uhacw d

s jl d

h Mky

sa rkfd p

ed cuh

jgsA diM

+s dks gkFk l

s nckd

j ikuh fudky

saA fup

ksM+s ughaA

/kqykbZ d

s pj.k

lwrh oL=

Åuh oL=

d`f=

e oL=

js’ke

h oL=

lyokj&

deht

LosV

j ¼js;

ku&uk;yksu½d

eht

nqiV

~Vk

[ 9 ]

ikuh esa

fHkxks;s

rRi’pkr~

ckgj fudky

fupksM+ y

sosaA deht

ij ;fn d

yQ d

h vko’;

drk

gks rks

lkQ

ikuh

esa dyQ dk ?kksy

fey

kdj d

eht ij gYd

h dyQ y

xk,aA

1- lyokj&

deht

dks m

YVk djd

s Nk;knkj LFkku ij

jLlh ;

k rkj ij lq[kk,aA

2- rst /kwi esa u l

q[kk,aA

1- lyokj

deht

ij

ue voLFkk esa bLrjh d

jsaA est

ij lyokj

deht

dks

Qsykd

j ihNs l

s vkxs d

h rjQ

bLrjh djsaA bLrjh

djus

ds

i’pkr~

Øht

cukrs gq, rg d

jsaA

7- lq[kkuk

8- bLrjh djuk

1- LosVj dks

lq[kkus

gsrq Nk;knkj

LFkku ij

pkjikbZ

ij js[kkfp

=

cuk gqv

k dkxt fcN

k nsossaA

2- dkxt ij cus js[kkfp

=

ij LosVj

dks

j[kdj

vkd

kj nsrs gq, Qsyk y

sosa rFkk l

w[kus gsrq j[ksaA1- LosVj

ij cgqr

gYdh

xeZ

bLrjh

dh

vko’;

drk

gksrh gSA

lw[kus d

s i’pkr~ LosVj

dks m

YVk dj m

l ij

eyey

dk oL=

fcN

k nsA

vc

gYdh

xeZ

bfLrjh dks ihN

s ls v

kxs

?kqekrs gq, bLrjh djsaA

fQj LosVj d

ks rg djsaA

1- deht

dk v

kdkj cuk,a j[kus

ds fy

, gsax

j ij

yxkd

j Nk;knkj LFkku ij jLl

h ;k

rkj ij

lq[kk,aA

/kwi esa

u lq[kk,aA

1- deht

dks m

YVk dj gYd

h bLrjh

djsaA

xeZ

bfLrjh ls

oL= [kjkc

gks ldrk

gSA bLrjh d

jus ds i’p

kr~ oL=

dks d

qN nsj gok esa j[ksaA

1- nqiV~Vs dks m

YVk djd

s Nk;

k esa

lq[kk,aA

iw.kZ:i l

s lw[kus l

s iwoZ gVk y

saA

1- nqiV~Vs ij lh/kh rjQ

iw.kZ

:I ls lw[kus

ds

igys gYd

h xeZ bLrjh

djsaA

dPp

s jax

ds jks’kuh

oL=ksa d

h ’kq"d /kqy

kbZ djuk m

i;qDr gSA

/kqykbZ d

s pj.k

lwrh oL=

Åuh oL=

d`f=

e oL=

js’ke

h oL=

lyokj&

deht

LosV

j ¼js;

ku&uk;yksu½d

eht

nqiV

~Vk

[ 10 ]

/kCck n’kk

lQsn l

wrh o fy

uu oL=

js’ke

h o Åuh oL=

d`f=

e oL=

1- xzhl

2- tax

iqjkuk /kCck

rktk /kCck

iqjkuk /kCck

rktk /kCck

iqjkuk /kCck

4- xeZ ikuh d

k iz;ksx d

rbZ ugha djsaA

1- B.Ms ued

ds ?kksy

esa Mqcks;

saA2- /kCcksa d

ks lkQ

gksus rd fHkx

ks;s fQ

j lkcqu l

s /kks;saA

1- /kCcs ds nksuksa rjQ

Vsyde ikoM

j yxkd

j lkQ

djsaA

2- lks[krs

dkxt ds chp

esa

/kCck j[kd

j bfLrjh djsaA

3- xeZ ikuh o l

kcqu ls l

kQ d

jsaA1- fd

lh Hkh ?kksy

d t

Sls isVªksy

] dkcZu

VsVªk DyksjkbM

o feFkkbysVsM

fLizV dk iz;

ksx d

jsaA1- /kCcs

ij uhacw

;k

ngh yxkd

j mcy

rk ikuh Mky

saA2- feV~Vh d

k rsy y

xkd

j lkcqu ikuh

ls l

kQ d

jsaA3- v

kWDtsfy

d vEy

o

cksjsDl dk

mi;

ksx d

jsaA1- t

soy ikuh d

k mi;

ksx d

jsa

1- LVkWpZ d

k xk<+k ?kksy

yxkd

j lw[kus nsosaA

2- cz’k ls jx

M+dj l

kQ d

jsaA1- l

Qsn l

wrh oL= d

s lekuA

1- lQsn l

wrh oL= d

s lekuA

1- lQsn l

wrh oL= d

s lekuA

1- lQsn l

wrh oL= d

s lekuA

1- Åuh o js’keh oL=

ksa ds l

ekuA

1- lQsn l

wrh oL= d

s lekuA

1- lQsn l

wrh oL= d

s lekuA

1- lQsn l

wrh oL= d

s lekuA

1- lQsn l

wrh oL= d

s lekuA

[ 11 ]

1-6 /kCcs N

qM+kuk

/kCck %&

;g ,d

izdkj d

k fpUg gS t

ks oL=ksa ij fd

lh ot

g ls cu t

krs gSaA bu /kCcksa dks

NqM+kus l

s igys ns[k d

j igpkuuk p

kfg;sA

vusd izd

kj ds /kCcksa d

ks NqM+kus d

h fof/k;k¡ %&

vH;kl iz’u&

oLrqfu"B iz’u1- fo|qr VsLVj esa dkSulk ySEi mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\

¼v½ lksfM;e ySEi ¼c½ edZjh ySEi

¼l½ fu;ksu ySEi ¼n½ dksbZ ugha

2- Iyx esa eq[;r% fdrus rkjksa dks la;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSA

¼v½ 1 ¼c½ 2

¼l½ 3 ¼n½ 4a

3- fo|qr ghVj dk ,syhesUV fdl /kkrq dk cuk gksrk gS %&

¼v½ ukbØkse ¼c½ rkack

¼l½ ,Y;qfefu;e ¼n½ VaxLVu

4- fo|qr rkid esa iz;qDr Å"ekjks/kh vpkyd gS” %&

¼v½ vHkzd ¼c½ phuh feV~Vh

¼l½ ,LcsLV~l ¼n½ Xykl owy

5- eksVjlkbfdy rFkk LdwVj esa fdrus ifg;ksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS\

¼v½ pkj ¼c½ ikap

¼l½ ,d ¼n½ nks

6- ifg;s esa fje ds Åij D;k p<+k gksrk gS %&

¼v½ yksgk ¼c½ rkack

¼l½ Vk;j&V~;wc ¼n½ ,Y;qfefu;e

7- vksVks fjD’kk esa fdrus ifg;s yxs gksrs gSa %&

¼v½ nks ¼c½ ,d

¼l½ rhu ¼n½ pkj

8- /kqykbZ ls oL= gks tkrs gSa %&

¼v½ LoPN ¼c½ eksgd

¼l½ vkjkenk;d ¼n½ mijksDr lHkh

9- oL= /kksus ls iwoZ ------------------------ dj ysuk pkfg, %&

¼v½ lq[kkuk ¼c½ bLrjh

¼l½ ejEer ¼n½ mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha

10- Åuh oL= /kksus gsrq ’kks/kd inkFkZ gS %&

¼v½ lkcqu ¼c½ mnklhu lkcqu ;k jhBs dk ikuh

¼l½ fMVjtsaV ¼n½ mijksDr lHkh

[ 12 ]

11- dPps jax ds js’keh oL=ksa dh mi;qDr /kqykbZ fof/k gS %&

¼v½ ’kq"d /kqykbZ ¼c½ xhyh fof/k

¼l½ gYdk ncko Mkydj ¼n½ jxM+dj

y?kqÙkjkRed iz’u1- fo|qr VsLVj esa D;k&D;k la;ksftr gksrs gSa\

2- fo|qr VsLVj dks vf/kdre fdrus oksYVst rd dke esa fy;k tk ldrk gS\

3- Iyx esa la;kftr rkjksa ds uke fy[kks\

4- Iyx dk Åijh ckgjh Hkkx fdl inkFkZ dk cuk gksrk gS\

5- Iyx dh fiuksa esa rkj tksM+us o dlus ds fy, fdl midj.k dk iz;ksx djrs gSa\

6- Iyx dh fiuksa esa Qst dh igpku fdl fo|qr midj.k ds }kjk dh tk ldrh gS\ uke crkvksA

7- Iyx esa dkSu ls fo|qr rkjksa dks tksM+k tkrk gS\ uke crkvksA

8- ghVj dks lIykbZ nsrs le; fdrus dksj okyh rkj yxkbZ tkrh gS\

9- ghVj eas ’kkWVZ lfdZV gksus dh n’kk esa ghVj ds ,syhesUV dks ckgj dSls fudkyrs gSa\

10- ghVj ds ,syhesUV dks izfrLFkkfir djus ds fy, fdl izdkj dh cuh IysV dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\

11- IysV dh ukfy;ksa esa ,syhesUV dks fdl rjg Mkyk tkrk gS\

12- dSlh fLFkfr esa ghVj de rki mRiUu djsxk\

13- dSlh fLFkfr esa ghVj vf/kd rki mRiUu djsxk\

14- Vscy dks dkSuls fLop }kjk fu;af=r fd;k tkrk gS\

15- Vscy ysEi ds eq[; Hkkxksa ds uke fy[kks\

16- Vscy ysEi dk mi;ksx fdu&fdu dk;ksZa esa fd;k tkrk gS\

17- Vscy ysEi dh ok;fjax ’kkWVZ ;k vkWiu gks tkus ij VsfLVax ysEi }kjk D;k tk¡p dh tkrh gS\

18- Fkzh Oghyj ¼rhu ifg;k okgu½ ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

19- gc rFkk fje dks tksM+us ds fy, fdldk iz;ksx djrs gSa\

20- ifg;s ds ,ykbuesUV dks pSd fdl izdkj fd;k tkrk gS\

21- eksVj lkbfdy ;k nqifg;s okguksa esa dkSu lk lgh vuqikr dk vkW;y iz;ksx djuk pkfg;s\

22- jaxhu lwrh oL= /kksus esa D;k lko/kkuh j[kuh pkfg;s\

23- ?kj ij oL=ksa dh /kqykbZ djus ls D;k ykHk gS\

fucU/kkRed iz’u1- fo|qr VsLVj dh cukoV rFkk mi;ksx dk o.kZu djksA

2- fo|qr VsLVj dk;Z djus ds fy, fdrus oksYV rd cuk;s tkrs gSa lfp= Hkkxksa ds uke n’kkZvks\

3- fo|qr VsLVj dk fu;ksu ySEi fdl izdkj ped mBrk gS\ le>kb;sA

4- fo|qr VsLVj o ispdl esa dk;Z ds vk/kkj ij D;k vUrj gS\

[ 13 ]

5- fo|qr VsLVj ds fdl Hkkx esa dkcZu jftLVj yxk gksrk gS\ crkvksA

6- ghVj esa fpaxkfj;ka fudyus ds dkSu&dkSu ls dkj.k gSa\

7- psu Vkbi rFkk fx;j ikoj Vªk¡lfe’ku esa D;k vUrj gS\

8- LdwVj rFkk eksVjlkbfdy esa fdl izdkj dk Dyp iz;ksx gksrk gS\

9- dkcqZjsVj dk js[kkfp= cukdj O;k[;k djks\

10- batu esa isVªksy dh vf/kd [kir gksus ds dkj.k o mipkj crkvksA

11- batu LVkVZ ugha gksus ds dkj.k o mipkjksa dk o.kZu djksA

12- nks ifg;s okguksa ds j[kj[kko gsrq /;ku j[kus ;ksX; dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa gSa\

13- ghVj esa ,syhesUV }kjk de ;k vf/kd rki nsus dk D;k dkj.k gS\

14- ghVj esa vFkZ QkWYV dk irk yxkus ds rjhds dks le>kb;s\

15- ghVj esa dkSu&dkSu lh [kjkfc;ka gks ldrh gSa\

mÙkjekyk ¼oLrqfu"B iz’u½ %1- ¼l½ 2- ¼l½ 3- ¼v½ 4- ¼c½ 5- ¼n½ 6- ¼l½ 7- ¼l½ 8- ¼n½ 9- ¼l½ 10- ¼c½ 11- ¼v½

[ 14 ]

v/;k; & 2

cSad lEca/kh dk;Z

fdlh Hkh jk"Vª dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa cpr dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA ukxfjdksa }kjk dh xbZ cpr dks mu yksxksa rd igq¡pkuk Hkh t:jh gS ftUgsa bldh vko’;drk gS rFkk tks bldk iz;ksx dj m|ksxksa dk fodkl ,oa lapkyu djrs gSaA blls cpr djus okyksa dks C;kt ds :i esa vk; izkIr gksrh gS rks nwljh vkSj vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds fy;s /ku miyC/k gks tkrk gSA ijUrq ;g izfØ;k O;fDrxr Lrj ij ugh gks ldrh D;ksafd /ku@cpr ds ysu&nsu ds fy;s nksuksa i{k ,d nwljs dks tkurs gksaxs rks gh os /ku dk vknku&iznku djsaxsA cM+h vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa O;fDrxr ifjp; ds vk/kkj ij /ku dk O;ogkj vi;kZIr gh ugha cfYd yxHkx 'kwU; gksxkA

cSad bl leL;k dk lek/kku djrs gq, cprdrkZ ,oa vU; i{kksa ds e/; lsrw dk dk;Z djrs gSaA lHkh cSad ns'k dh dsUnzh; cSad ls fu;fU=r gksrs gSaA vr% vketu dk mu ij fo'okl Hkh jgrk gSA cSad :ih bl lsrw ds ek/;e ls cpr ,df=r dh tkrh gS ftl ij cprdrkZvksa dks C;kt fn;k tkrk gSA bl ,df=r cpr dks /ku dh vko';drk okys i{kksa dks fn;k tkrk gS ftlls og viuh /ku lEcU/kh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ dj ldsA bls cSad }kjk _.k fn;k tkuk dgrs gSa ftl ij cSad }kjk /ku dk mi;ksx djus okys i{kksa ls C;kt fy;k tkrk gSA

2-1 cSad [kkrscpr ,df=r djus ds mís'; ls cSad fofHkUu izdkj dh lqfo/kk;sa miyC/k djokrs gSaA ftuesa

cprdÙkkvksa dks mudk [kkrk [kksyus dh lqfo/kk eq[; gSA ftlesa cprdrkZ viuh cpr tek djok dj bl ij C;kt Hkh izkIr dj ldrs gSa rFkk viuh cpr dks Hkfo"; esa iz;ksx ds fy;s lqjf{kr Hkh j[k ldrs gSaA lHkh cprdrkZvksa dh vko';drk ,d leku ugha gksrh gS vr% mudh fofHkUu vko';drkvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, cSad dbZ izdkj ds [kkrs [kksyus dh lqfo/kk nsrs gSaA buesa fuEu pkj izdkj izeq[k gS%&

¼1½ cpr [kkrk (Saving Account)

¼2½ pkyw [kkrk (Current Account)

¼3½ vkorhZ tek [kkrk (Recurring Deposit Account)

¼4½ lkof/k tek [kkrk (Fixed Deposit Account)

¼1½ cpr [kkrk %& tSlk fd uke ls gh Li"V gS ;g [kkrk cpr dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s [kksyk tkrk gSA ;g mu yksxksa ds fy;s mi;qDr gS ftUgsa ckj&ckj /ku tek djkus ;k fudyokus dh vko';drk ugha iM+rh tSls & ukSdjh is'kk] xzfg.kh] fo|kFkhZ] lsokfuo`Ùk bR;kfnA O;kikjh oxZ ds fy;s ;g [kkrk mi;qDr ugha gS D;ksafd mUgsa izfrfnu /ku jkf'k tek djkuh vFkok fudyokuh gksrh gSA bl [kkrs ij ,d fuf'pr nj ls C;kt fn;k tkrk gS vr% bl [kkrs esa [kkrk /kkjd }kjk [kkrs ds O;ogkj ij dqN izfrcU/k Hkh

[ 15 ]

yxk, tkrs gSaA tSls ,d ekg esa /ku fudyokus dh vf/kdre la[;k fu/kkZfjr dh tkrh gSA vf/kdrj cSad vius [kkrk/kkjdksa dh ,-Vh-,e- dkMZ (ATM Card) dh lqfo/kk Hkh nsrs gSa ftlls [kkrk /kkjd cSad vk;s fcuk gh fdlh Hkh ATM (Automated Teller Machine) ls bfPNr /ku vius cSad [kkrs ls fudyok ldrk gSA ;|fi cSadksa }kjk bl izdkj dkMZ ls jkf'k fudyokus dh izfrfnu lhek fu/kkZfjr dj nh tkrh gSA vf/kdka'k cSad vius [kkrk/kkjdksa dks ,d U;wure /ku vius [kkrs esa lnSo j[kus ds fy;s ck/; djrs gSaA blls de 'ks"k gks tkus ij vFkok cSad }kjk fu/kkZfjr vU; fdlh funsZ'k dk ikyu u djus ij 'kqYd fy;s tkus dk izko/kku Hkh jgrk gSA

fp= 2-1 tek iphZ dk uewuk

bl [kkrs esa /ku tek djokus ds fy;s tek iphZ Hkjuh gksrh gS ftlesa [kkrk/kkjd }kjk fofHkUu lwpuk;sa tSls fd [kkrk/kkjd dk uke] [kkrk uEcj] tek djokbZ tkus okyh jkf'k ¼vadksa esa rFkk 'kCnksa esa½ Hkjuh gksrh gS rFkk O;ogkj dh frfFk ds lkFk gLrk{kj djus gksrs gSaA bl iphZ esa tek djok;s tkus okys uksVksa dk o.kZu Hkh djuk gksrk gS tSls fd nks gtkj ds uksVksa dh la[;k] ik¡p lkS ds uksVksa rFkk vU; uksVksa dh la[;kA

[kkrk/kkjd }kjk fd;s tkus okys iSls ds ysu&nsu dks ntZ djus ds fy;s lkekU;r;k cSad }kjk ,d iqfLrdk nh tkrh gS ftls lkekU; Hkk"kk esa cSad iklcqd dgk tkrk gSA blesa frfFkokj lHkh O;ogkjksa vFkkZr~ [kkrk /kkjd }kjk tek djk;k x;k /ku] fudyok;k x;k /ku] cSad }kjk [kkrk/kkjd dks fn;k x;k C;kt rFkk cSad }kjk [kkrk/kkjd ls fy;k x;k 'kqYd ntZ fd;k tkrk gSA bl cSad iklcqd esa [kkrk/kkjd dh QksVks ds lkFk mlds [kkrs dk iw.kZ fooj.k gksrk gSA bl iklcqd ls fdlh Hkh le; [kkrk/kkjd vius [kkrs esa tek cpr dh orZeku fLFkfr ns[k ldrk gSA bl cSad iklcqd dks ,d igpku i= ds :i esa Hkh Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA ;g [kkrk O;fDrxr uke vFkok la;qDr uke ls [kksyk tk ldrk gSA

¼2½ pkyw [kkrk %& cpr cSad [kkrs ds fcydqy foijhr ;g [kkrk cpr dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s u gksdj /ku ds ysu&nsu dks lqxe cukus ds fy;s [kksyk tkrk gSA bl [kkrs esa /ku tek djokus vFkok fudyokus dh dksbZ lhek ugha gksrhA [kkrk/kkjd fdruh ckj Hkh /ku tek ;k fudyok ldrs gSaA ,slk ,d fnu esa Hkh

[ 16 ]

dbZ ckj fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,slh lqxerk fo'ks"kdj O;kikjh oxZ dh vko';drk gksrh gS D;ksafd mUgsa O;kikj ds lapkyu esa /ku dk ysu&nsu dbZ ckj djuk iM+rk gSA

bl izdkj ds [kkrs ij dksbZ C;kt ugha fn;k tkrk gSA bl [kkrs ij nh tkus okyh fofHkUu vfrfjDr lsokvksa ds fy;s cSad }kjk lsok 'kqYd fy;k tkrk gSA ;g [kkrk dsoy fdlh laLFkk vFkok QeZ }kjk gh [kksyk tk ldrk gS ftldk lapkyu vf/kd`r O;fDr;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA

¼3½ vkorhZ tek [kkrk %& bl [kkrs dks vaxzsth esa Recurring Deposit Account dgrs gSaA bl dks la{ksi esa RD

Account dgk tkrk gS] tks fd bl [kkrs dk izpfyr uke Hkh gSA bl [kkrs dk eq[; mís'; Hkh cpr dks izksRlkfgr djuk gh gSA ;g [kkrk fo'ks"kdj NksVh ijUrq fu;fer cpr dks izksRlkfgr djrk gSA blds fy;s cSad }kjk bl [kkrs esa tek jkf'k ij [kkrk/kkjdksa dks cpr cSad [kkrs dh rqyuk esa vf/kd nj ls C;kt fn;k tkrk gSA

bl [kkrs esa [kkrk/kkjd ,d fuf'pr jkf'k r; vof/k ds fy;s izfrekg tek djokrk gSA ;g vof/k lekIr gksus ij [kkrk/kkjd dks mlds }kjk tek djokbZ xbZ jkf'k C;kt ds lkFk ykSVk nh tkrh gSA bl [kkrs esa mDr vof/k ls igys /ku ugha fudkyk tk ldrk gSA vko';drk gksus ij bls vof/k lekIr gksus ls iw.kZ cUn fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds vfrfjDr fuf'pr jkf'k tks [kkrk [kksyrs le; r; dh xbZ Fkh] ds vfrfjDr Hkh dksbZ /ku tek ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g [kkrk O;fDrxr vFkok la;qDr uke ls [kksyk tk ldrk gSA

¼4½ lkof/k tek [kkrk %& ;g [kkrk ,d fuf'pr jkf'k dks ,d fuf'pr vof/k rd cSad ds ikl j[kus ds fy;s [kksyk tkrk gSA ;g vof/k vf/kdre 20 o"kZ rd gks ldrh gSA tek djokbZ xbZ jkf'k vof/k lekIr gksus ij C;kt lfgr [kkrk/kkjd dks ykSVk nh tkrh gSA bl vof/k ds e/; bl [kkrs esa u rks vfrfjDr /kujkf'k tek djokbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj u gh fudyokbZ tk ldrh gSA vko';drk gksus ij [kkrk/kkjd }kjk vof/k lekfIr ls iwoZ Hkh ;g [kkrk cUn fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa cSad }kjk isuYVh olwyh tkrh gSA cSad [kkrk/kkjd }kjk tek djokbZ xbZ jkf’k dh ,d fuf’pr lhek rd _.k Hkh miyC/k djokrk gS ftlesa /ku dh vko’;drk dh fLFkfr fcuk lkof/k tek [kkrk cUn fd;s _.k ds :Ik esa /ku izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA cSad }kjk bl _.k ij lkekU;r;k lkof/k tek ij fn;s tkus okys C;kt ls 1&2 izfr’kr vf/kd C;kt olwyk tkrk gSA

bl [kkrs ij vU; rhu [kkrksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd C;kt feyrk gSA bl [kkrs esa tek /ku ij feyus okyk C;kt bl vof/k ij fuHkZj djrk gS ftlds fy;s [kkrk [kksyk x;k gSA blesa cSad }kjk ,d lkof/k tek izek.k i= tkjh fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa [kkrk/kkjd ls lEcfU/kr vko';d tkudkjh] izek.k i= tkjh djus dh frfFk] lkof/k tek dh vof/k] ml ij feyus okyk C;kt] tek esa j[kh xbZ jkf'k rFkk mldk ifjiDork ewY; vafdr gksrk gSA ;g [kkrk O;fDrxr vFkok la;qDr uke ls [kksyk tk ldrk gSA mijksDr lHkh [kkrksa esa cSad }kjk ukekadu lqfo/kk nh tkrh gS ftlesa [kkrk/kkjd fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks ukekafdr dj ldrs gSaA tks [kkrk/kkjd dh e`R;q dh n'kk esa ml [kkrs esa tek jkf'k dks izkIr dj ldrk gSA vkt ds rduhdh ;qx esa mijksDr lHkh [kkrksa esa bUVjusV cSafdax dh lqfo/kk Hkh cSadksa }kjk nh

[ 17 ]

tkrh gSA ftlds }kjk [kkrk/kkjd fcuk cSad tk;s baVjusV ds ek/;e ls mls fn;s x;s dksM ds }kjk viuk [kkrk lapkfyr dj ldrk gSA

2-2 pSd pSd cSad }kjk [kkrk/kkjd dks nh xbZ ,d lqfo/kk gS ftlds }kjk [kkrk/kkjd vius [kkrs esa /kujkf'k fudkys cxSj fdlh dks Hkqxrku dj ldrk gSA pSd ,d izdkj ls [kkrk/kkjd }kjk viuh cSad dks fn;k x;k vkns'k gS ftlesa og cSad dks ml pSd esa fy[kh xbZ jkf'k mlh pSd esa fy[ks x;s O;fDr] laLFkk viuk QeZ dks nsus dk vkns'k djrk gSA blds fy;s mls cSad ugha tkuk gksrk cfYd pSd] tks fd cSad }kjk [kkrk/kkjd dks miyC/k djok;k tkrk gS] es gh vko';d izfof"V;k¡ Hkjdj rFkk vius gLrk{kj dj Hkqxrku izkIr djus okys O;fDr dks ns fn;k tkrk gSA ml O;fDr }kjk pSd izLrqr djus ij cSad [kkrk/kkjd ds [kkrs esa jkf'k miyC/k gksus dh n'kk esa mlds gLrk{kj vius fjdkWMZ ls feyku dj vknsf'kr jkf'k pSd izLrqr djus okys dks ns nsrk gSA

fp= 2-2 pSd dk uewuk

pSd eq[;r% rhu izdkj ls fy[ks tk ldrs gSa %&

¼1½ /kkjd pSd (Bearer Cheque)%&

blesa cSad }kjk pSd izLrqr djus okys O;fDr dks pSd esa fy[kh xbZ jkf'k dk Hkqxrku dj fn;k tkrk gSA ,sls pSd ij Hkqxrku izkIr djus okys O;fDr vFkkZr ftls [kkrk/kkjd }kjk pSd fn;k tk jgk gS dk uke ugha fy[kk gksrkA vr% ;g pSd ftlds ikl gS ogh mlesa fy[kh jkf'k cSad ls izkIr dj ysrk gSA bl fygkt ls ;g pSd tksf[keiw.kZ Hkh gksrk gS D;ksafd [kks tkus dh fLFkfr esa og O;fDr ftls ;g pSd feys og cSad ls Hkqxrku izkIr dj ldrk gSA

¼2½ [kqyk pSd (Open Cheque)%&

;g /kkjd pSd esa ek= ,d izdkj ls fHkUu gSA bl izdkj ds pSd esa [kkrk/kkjd pSd esa izfof"V;k¡ Hkjrs le; Hkqxrku izkIr djus okys O;fDr dk uke Hkh fy[k nsrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa cSad pSd esa fy[kh xbZ jkf'k dk Hkqxrku mlh O;fDr dks djrk gS ftldk uke ml ij fy[kk gSA Hkqxrku izkIr djus okyk O;fDr pSd ds ihNs vius uewuk gLrk{kj dj izLrqr djrk gSA Hkqxrku ds le; cSad }kjk Hkqxrku izkIrdÙkkZ ls iqu% gLrk{kj fy;s tkrs gSaA nwljs gLrk{kj dk feyku pSd izLrqrdÙkkZ ds pSd ij miyC/k uewuk gLrk{kj ls fd;k tkrk gS rFkk nwljk ;g fd mlus pSd esa fufnZ"V jkf'k izkIr dj yh gSA dksbZ [kkrk/kkjd pkgs rks Lo;a ds uke Hkh pSd fy[k ldrk gSA blds fy;s mls pSd esa Hkqxrku izkIr djus

[ 18 ]

okys ds uke ds fy;s fn;s x;s LFkku ij ̂Lo;a* vFkok vaxzsth esa 'Self' fy[kuk gksrk gSA

¼4½ js[kkafdr pSd (Cromod Cheque)%&

;fn [kkrk/kkjd ;g pkgrk gS fd pSd dh jkf'k fufnZ"V O;fDr dks udn u feys cfYd mlds cSad [kkrs esa gh tek gks rks pSd Hkjrs le; og pSd ds cka;h vksj Åij dh rjQ nks lekukUrj js[kk;sa [khap dj muds chp esa 'Account Payee Only' fy[k ldrk gSA ,slk djus ls pSd dh lqj{kk cgqr c<+ tkrh gS D;ksafd ,sls pSd dk Hkqxrku udn izkIr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA [kks tkus dh fLFkfr esa rFkk vU; O;fDr dks fey tkus dh fLFkfr esa Hkh mlds }kjk bldk Hkqxrku izkIr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ,sls pSdksa }kjk fd;k x;k ysu&nsu lcls lqjf{kr ekuk tkrk gSA ,sls pSd dk Hkqxrku izkIr djus ds fy;s pSd /kkjd dks mls vius [kkrs esa tek djkuk gksrk gS ftlds fy;s cSad }kjk eqfnzr tek iphZ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl tek iphZ esa pSd dk fooj.k ;Fkk cSad dk uke] frfFk] pSd uEcj rFkk pSd dh jkf’k Hkjuh gksrh gSA

2-3 cSad Mªk¶V (Bank Draft)

,d O;fDr nwljs O;fDr ls Hkqxrku ds :i esa udn ds LFkku ij pSd rHkh Lohdkj djrk gS tc og ml ij fo'okl djrk gS fd pSd esa fy[kh jkf'k dk Hkqxrku mls fey tk;sxkA vfo'okl dh fLFkfr esa og pSd Lohdkj ugha djrkA nwljh vksj vf/kd jkf'k dk Hkqxrku udn esa Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ,slh fLFkfr esa cSad Mªk¶V dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g Hkh ,d izdkj dk pSd gh gSA vUrj dsoy bruk gS fd ;g fdlh O;fDr }kjk u fy[kk tkdj cSad }kjk fy[kk tkrk gSA cSad }kjk fy[kk tkus ds dkj.k bldh fo'oluh;rk c<+ tkrh gSA

cSad }kjk [kkrk/kkjd dh ek¡x ij fufnZ"V O;fDr ds uke ij fuf'pr jkf'k dk rFkk ,d fuf'pr vof/k rd ekU; cSad Mªk¶V tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA ;g lnSo js[kkafdr gksrk gS vFkkZr~ bldk Hkqxrku fufnZ"V O;fDr }kjk vius [kkrs esa gh izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA [kkrk/kkjd dh ek¡x ij cSad }kjk cSad Mªk¶V tkjh djus ds cnys [kkrk/kkjd ls 'kqYd fy;k tkrk gS tks fd Mªk¶V dh jkf'k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA Mªk¶V cuokus ds fy;s [kkrk/kkjd ,d fu/kkZfjr izi= Hkjdj cSad dks nsrk gS rFkk cSad dks ;g Hkh vf/kdkj nsrk gS fd Mªk¶V rFkk mls cukus ds fy;s yxus okys 'kqYd ds cjkcj jkf'k mlds [kkrs esa ls dkV yh tk;sA cSad Mªk¶V dh jkf’k fdlh O;fDr }kjk cSad esa [kkrk u gksus dh fLFkfr esa udn }kjk Hkh cuok;k tk ldrk gSA ijUrq ,sls Mªk¶V dsoy lhfer jkf'k ds fy;s gh cuk;s tkrs gSaA

2-4 cSad ykdlZ fofHkUu [kkrksa ds }kjk xzkgdksa dks viuh /kujkf’k tek djokus dh rFkk /ku dh vko’;drk ds le; _.k nsus dh lqfo/kk ds vfrfjDr cSad vius xzkgdksa dks ykWdlZ dh lqfo/kk Hkh miyC/k djokrs gSaA cSad ykWdlZ ,d cM+s lqjf{kr dejs esa j[ks tkrs gSaA ,d vyekjh esa dbZ [kkus cus gksrs gSa ftlesa izR;sd dk viuk ,d njoktk gksrk gSA ;g [kkus nks ls rhu vkdkjksa esa gksrs gSaA cSad vius xzkgdksa dks ;g ykWdj miyC/k djokus ds cnys fdjk;k ysrk gS tks fd ykWdj ds vkdkj ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ykWdj dh pkch xzkgd dks ns nh tkrh gSA xzkgd bu ykWdlZ dk iz;ksx viuh dherh oLrq,a] nLrkost bR;kfn j[kus ds fy, djrs gSa D;ksafd ;g cgqr lqjf{kr ekus tkrs gSaA bu ij vkx dk Hkh izHkko ugha iM+rkA

ykWdj dk lapkyu djus ds fy, xzkgd dks bl gsrq j[ks x;s jftLVj ftls ̂ykWdj lapkyu

[ 19 ]

jftLVj^ dgrs gSa esa viuh izfof"V ;Fkk uke] fnukad] ykWdj [kksyus dk le; dk fooj.k fy[kuk gksrk gS ftls cSad dk vf/kdkjh lR;kfir djrk gSA ykWdj dks [kksyus ds fy, xzkgd ds ikl miyC/k pkch ds vykok cSad ds ikl j[kh ,d pkch Hkh yxkuh gksrh gSA ,slk blfy, fd;k tkrk gS fd cSad vf/kdkjh }kjk ;g lqfuf’pr fd;s tkus ij gh fd ykWdj dk lapkyu vf/kd`r O;fDr }kjk fd;k tk jgk gS] ykWdj [kksyk tk ldsA ;g vf/kdkjh Hkh ykWdj lapkyu jftLVj ij vius gLrk{kj djrk gSA

xSj dkuwuh oLrq,a j[kuk ykWdj dh mu ’krksZa dk mYya?ku ekuk tkrk gS ftu ’krksZa ij ;g xzkgd dks miyC/k djok;k x;k gSA vko’;drk gksus ij l{ke vf/kdkjh fu;ekuqlkj vius lkeus ykWdj [kqyokdj mlesa j[kh xbZ oLrqvksa dh oS/kkfudrk dh tk¡p Hkh dj ldrk gSA

izR;sd ykWdj /kkjd dk drZO; gS fd og cSad }kjk miyC/k djok;s x;s ykWdj dk iz;ksx dsoy dkuwuh :Ik ls oS/k oLrq,a j[kus ds fy, gh djsA

vH;kl iz'u

oLrqfu"B iz’u¼1½ fuEu esa ls fdl [kkrs esa C;kt ugha feyrk &

¼v½ cpr [kkrk ¼c½ pkyw [kkrk ¼l½ vkofrZ tek [kkrk ¼n½ lkof/k tek

¼2½ fuEu esa ls fdl [kkrs ij C;kt lokZf/kd nj ls fn;k tkrk gS&

¼v½ cpr [kkrk ¼c½ pkyw [kkrk ¼l½ vkofrZ tek [kkrk ¼n½ lkof/k tek

¼3½ fuEu esa ls dkSulk pSd dk ,d izdkj ugha gS&

¼v½ /kkjd pSd ¼c½ [kqyk pSd ¼l½ izkFkhZ pSd ¼n½ js[kkafdr pSd

y?kqÙkjkRed iz'u¼1½ pSd D;k gS\

¼2½ cpr [kkrs rFkk pkyw [kkrs esa nks vUrj crkb;sA

¼3½ vkofrZ tek rFkk lkof/k tek esa D;k vUrj gS\

fuca/kkRed iz'u¼1½ cSad esa [kksys tk ldus okys fofHkUu [kkrksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A

¼2½ pSd }kjk fdl izdkj Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS\ fofHkUu izdkj ds pSdksa ds xq.k&voxq.k dk o.kZu dhft,A

mÙkjekyk ¼oLrqfu"B iz’u½ %1- ¼c½ 2- ¼n½ 3- ¼l½

[ 20 ]

v/;k; & 3

izkFkfed fpfdRlk

3-1- pksV yxus ij cgrs gq, jDr dks jksduk %& 1- loZizFke ?kko dks ik’oksZ ij ncko Mkydj jDr dk cgko cUn djsa

2- cM+s ?kkoksa ij dbZ ifV~V;ksa dks cka/ksA

3- vko’;d gks rks ?kko ds dqN Åij dlk gqvk ca/ku cka/ksaA

3-2 ?kko dks lkQ djuk ,oa iV~Vh djuk %&1- loZizFke ?kko dks :bZ ls fMVkWy yxkdj lkQ djuk pkfg;sA

2- mlds ckn ?kko ij dksbZ Hkh ,UVhlsfIVd yxkdj :bZ yxkuh pkfg;sA

3- blds i’pkr~ iV~Vh dj nsuh pkfg;sA

3-3 csgks’kh dk izkFkfed mipkj %&1- ewfNZr O;fDr dks rqjUr fcLrj vFkok lw[ks ydM+h ds Q’kZ ij fyVk nsaA

2- ;fn ihfM+r dh ’okl py jgh gS rks 3&4 feuV mls vkjke djus nsa ftlls fd mlds ’kjhj esa ,df=r fo|qr lekIr gks tk, vkSj rc mlds eqag ij rkts ikuh ds NhVsa ekjdj mls gks’k esa yk,aA

3-4 tgjhys tkuoj ds dkVus ij izkFkfed mipkj %&1- loZizFke ftl LFkku ij tkuoj us dkVk gS ml LFkku ds nksuksa rjQ dldj jLlh ck¡/k nsuh

pkfg;s rkfd mldk tgj Qsyus ls :d tk;sA

2- ftl O;fDr dks tkuoj us dkVk gS ml O;fDr dks lksus ugha nsuk pkfg;sA

3- ihfM+r O;fDr dks rqjUr ckn vLirky ys tkuk pkfg;sA

3-5 nq?kZVuk gksus ij izkFkfed mipkj %&1- ihfM+r O;fDr ds pkjksa vksj ls HkhM+ gVk nsa ftlls fd mls LoPN okrkoj.k dh rktk gok fey

ldssA

2- ihfM+r ds eqag ls udyh nkar] iku] rEckdw vkfn gks rks fudky nsosaA

3- ihfM+r O;fDr dks ;fn jDr izokg gks rks mls fdlh diM+s ls cka/k nsosaA

4- ?kko ds LFkku dks fMVkWy ls lkQ dj rqjUr ,acqysal dks cqykosaA

3-6 tyus ij izkFkfed mipkj %&1- ihfM+r O;fDr ds tys vaxksa dks LoPN diM+s vFkok dkxt ds <d nsa ftlls fd mu ij eD[kh]

ePNj vkfn u cSBs vkSj ihfM+r ds ’kjhj esa vU; chekfj;ksa dks u Qsyk ldsA

[ 21 ]

2- ihfM+r ;fn dejs esa gks rks f[kM+dh&njokts vkfn [kksy nsa ftlls fd LoPN ok;q dk fuckZ/k vkokxeu gks ldsA

3- ihfM+r dks ;fn ’okl ysus esa dfBukbZ izrhr gks rks d`f=e ’okl fØ;k izkjEHk dj nsaA

4- mlds ckn ihfM+r O;fDr dks rqjUr vLirky ys tk,¡A

3-7 Mwcus ij izkFkfed mipkj %& 1- Mwcs O;fDr ds pkjksa vksj ls HkhM+ dks gVk nsaA ftlls fd mls LoPN ok;q fey ldsA

2- ;fn O;fDr ds ’kjhj esa ikuh Hkj x;k gks rks mldh Nkrh dks nckdj mldk ikuh fudkys rFkk mls ’okl u vk, rks mls ’okl nsuh pkfg,A

3- mls rqjUr vLirky ys tkuk pkfg,A

3-8 vfXu’keu dk;Z %&1- gj ,d dk;Z’kkyk esa vfXu’keu ;a= vko’;d :i ls miyC/k jguk pkfg;s D;ksafd fctyh ds

’kkWVZ lfdZV vFkok vU; fdlh dkj.k ls dk;Z’kkyk esa yxh vkx dh jksdFkke vko’;d gSA vkx ls dk;Z’kkyk dh dherh lEifÙk gh ugha cfYd dk;Z’kkyk esa dk;Zjr O;fDr;ksa dk thou Hkh [krjs esa iM+ ldrk gSA vfXu’keu ;a= ,oa midj.k dk;Z’kkyk esa ,sls LFkku ij LFkkfir fd;s tkus pkfg;s tgka ls rqjUr gh iz;ksx fd, tk ldsaA buds vUrxZr vfXu’keu ;a= jsr ls Hkjh Hkkjh ckfYV;k¡] ikuh ls Hkjh ckfYV;k¡ vkfn dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA

fp= 3-1 vfXu’keu ;a=

xSl ls yxus okyh vkx

flys.Mj vkfn ls Hkjh (LPG) xSl vkfn esa yxh vkx ls foLQksV gksus dh laHkkouk Hkh fo|eku jgrh gSA bl izdkj dh vkx cq>kus ds fy, ;k rks gks lds rks xSl dh lIykbZ dkV nsa vU;Fkk

[ 22 ]

psrkouh ?k.Vh ctk nsa vkSj vfXu’keu fo’ks"kKksa dks cqyk,aA bl izdkj dh vkx cq>kus ds fy, ’kq"d pw.kZ okys ;a= mi;qDr jgrs gSaA

fo|qr ls yxus okyh vkx

fctyh ds rkjksa midj.kksa ,oa vU; ?kkfRod inkFkksZa esa yxh vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM (CO ) ’kq"d pw.kZ ,oa CTC vfXu’ked ;a= mi;qDr jgrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr ’kq"d 2

jsr Hkh iz;ksx dh tk ldrh gSA >kx okys ;a= vFkok ty dh ckSNkj dk iz;ksx bl izdkj dh vkx cq>kus ds fy, ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

vH;kl iz’u&

oLrqfu"B iz’u1- pksV yxus ij cgrs gq, jDr dks jksdus ds fy, dkSulh lkexzh iz;ksx esa ysrs gSa %&

¼v½ fVapj ¼c½ yky nok ¼l½ fMVkWy ¼n½ mijksDr lHkh

2- ?kko dks lkQ djus ds fy, dkSulh lkexzh iz;ksx esa ysrs gSa %&

¼v½ :bZ ¼c½ fMVkWy ¼l½ ,UVhlsfIVd Øhe ¼n½ mijksDr lHkh

3- fo|qr midj.kksa esa yxh vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, fdldk mi;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS %&

¼v½ dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM ¼c½ ’kq"d pw.kZ ;a=

¼l½ CTC vfXu’ked ;a= ¼n½ ty dh ckSNkj nsus okyk ;a=

y?kqÙkjkRed iz’u1- fo|qr >Vds ds dkj.k csgks’k gq, O;fDr dks dSls gks’k esa yk;k tk ldrk gS\

2- tgjhys tkuoj ds dkVus ij loZizFke D;k djuk pkfg;s\

3- fo|qr rkjksa esa yxh vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, dkSulk vfXu’ked ;a= mi;ksx esa fy;k tkrk gS\

4- CTC vfXu’ked ;a= dk iwjk uke fy[kksA

5- xSl ls yxus okyh vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, dkSulk vfXu’ked ;a= iz;ksx djrs gSa\

fuca/kkRed iz’u1- nq?kZVuk esa fdlh O;fDr dks pksV yxus ij vki fdl izdkj izkFkfed fpfdRlk nsaxs\

2- vfXu’keu dk;Z djrs le; fdu ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[kk tkuk vko’;d gS\

mÙkjekyk ¼oLrqfu"B iz’u½ %1- ¼n½ 2- ¼n½ 3- ¼n½

[ 23 ]

v/;k; & 4

ty laj{k.k] tyk’k; j[kj[kko ,oa miHkksDrk laj{k.k

4-1 ty laj{k.k %& ty dk lap;u] lao)Zu rFkk laj{k.k rhuksa gh izR;sd lekt dk uSfrd nkf;Ro gSA ty laj{k.k gsrq o"kkZ ty dk lap;u ,d egÙoiw.kZ izfØ;k gS ftlls o"kkZ ls izkIr ty dks Hkfo"; esa iz;ksx ds fy, lafpr fd;k tkrk gSA ,d vkdyu ds vuqlkj gekjs ns’k esa yxHkx 4000 ?ku fdyksehVj izfro"kZ o"kkZty izkIr gksrk gS vkSj bldk nks&frgkbZ O;FkZ cg tkrk gSA ty lap;u esa dsoy ljdkjh Lrj ij ck¡/kksa ds fuekZ.k ls dk;Z ugha pysxkA blls tu lgHkkfxrk rFkk O;fDrxr iz;klksa dh Hkh vko’;drk gSA ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj gekjs ns’k esa o"kZ 1950 ds vkl&ikl izfr O;fDr ty ls miyC/krk 5000 ?kuehVj izfro"kZ Fkh tks fxjdj 2025 esa 1500 ?kuehVj izfro"kZ jg tkus dh lEHkkouk gSA ty dh miyC/krk esa ;g deh ty lap;u ds O;fDrxr iz;klksa }kjk nwj dh tk ldrh gSA ty lap;u ds fuEu ykHk gS%&

1- Hkwty Lrj esa fxjkoV ij fu;a=.kA

2- lM+dksa ij ikuh ds Hkjko dks de djus ds fy;sA

3- ty dh miyC/krk c<+kus ds fy;sA

4- Hkwty iznw"k.k de djus ds fy;s

5- Hkwty ds vR;f/kd nksgu ds dkj.k lw[ks dq¡vksa] uydwiksa ,oa tyk’k;ksa esa tyHkj.k gsrqA

6- Hkfo"; esa mi;ksx gsrq ty lafpr djus ds fy;sA

7- Hkwty dh xq.koÙkk c<+kus ds fy;sA

ty lap;u dh dbZ fof/k;k¡ gSaA buesa ls dqN tks O;fDrxr Lrj ij rFkk lkekftd lg;ksx ls viukbZ tk ldrh gS mUgsa iz;ksx esa ykdj ty laj{k.k esa izR;sd dks viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkuh pkfg;sA blds vfrfjDr miyC/k ty dk iz;ksx iw.kZr;k lko/kkuh ls rFkk fdlh dherh oLrq dh rjg lksp&le>dj dj fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA bldk viO;; rks fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa uk gksA ge vius nSfud dk;ksZa esa ty mi;ksx esa Hkh ferO;;rk yk;s rFkk vkl&ikl ds yksxksa dks Hkh ty ds ferO;;h mi;ksx ds ckjs esa izsfjr djsaA

nSfud dk;ksZa esa ferO;;h ty mi;ksx ds fy;s fuEu ckrksa dk /;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg;s %&

1- gj fnu ,d ,slk dke djus dk iz;kl djsa ftlls ty cpk;k tk ldsA

2- ikuh mruk gh iz;ksx djsa ftruk t:jr gks] tSls fd nk<+h cukrs ;k cz’k djrs oDr uy can dj nsaA

3- dksf’k’k djsa fd vkids ?kj ds vanj o ckgj dgha ls ikuh dk fjlko ugha gks jgk gksA

4- lCth] nky] pkoy dks /kksus esa iz;qDr ikuh Qsads ughaA bls Q’kZ lkQ djus ;k isM+ksa dks ikuh nsus ds dke esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA

[ 24 ]

5- vius leqnk; esa lewg cuk;s tks ty laj{k.k vkSj o"kkZ ty lap;u dks izksRlkgu nsrk gksA vius bykds ds fy;s lk/kkj.k o"kkZ ty lap;u iz.kkyh cuk;saA Nr ds ty dk lap; dj o Nku dj ?kjsyw iz;ksx ds fy;s ’kq) ikuh ik;k tk ldrk gSA

6- vius ’kkSpky; esa yks&¶y’k ;k M~;wvy ¶y’k tSls ¶y’k midj.k yxok dj vki ikuh cpk ldrs gSaA

7- lHkh dks viuh [kqn dh ftEesnkjh dks le>uk pkfg;s vkSj ikuh ihus vkSj Hkkstu idkus ds vykok ikuh ds vf/kd mi;ksx ls cpuk pkfg;sA

8- gesa vius diM+ksa dks dsoy /kkus dh e’khu esa rc /kksuk pkfg;s tc mlesa viuh iwjh {kerk rd diM+s gks tk,¡A

9- Qqgkjs ls ugkus ds ctk; ckYVh vkSj ex dk iz;ksx djsa tks izfr O;fDr 150 ls 200 yhVj ikuh gj eghus cpk;sxkA

10- tkx:drk QSykus ds fy;s gesa ty laj{k.k ls lacaf/kr dk;ZØeksa dks c<+kok nsuk pkfg;sA

11- xehZ ds ekSle esa dwyj esa vf/kd ikuh cckZn u gksus nsa] dsoy t:jr dk gh bLrseky djsaA

12- gesa ikbi ds }kjk ykWu] ?kj ;k lM+dksa ij ikuh Mkydj u"V ugha djuk pkfg;sA

13- ikS/kkjksi.k dks o"kkZ _rq esa yxkus ds fy;s izsfjr djsa ftlls ikS/kksa dks izkd`frd :Ik ls ikuh feysA

14- gesa vius gkFk] Qy] lCth vkfn dks [kqys gq, uy ds ctk; ikuh ds crZu ls /kksus dh vknr cukuh pkfg;sA

15- gesa nksigj ds 11 cts ls 4 cts rd ikS/kksa dks ikuh nsus ls cpuk pkfg;s D;ksafd ml le; mudk ok"ihdj.k gks tkrk gSA lqcg ;k ’kke ds le; ikuh nsus ls ikS/ks ikuh dks vPNs ls lks[krs gSaA

17- gesa ikfjokfjd lnL;ksa] cPpksa] fe=ksa] iM+ksfl;ksa vkSj lg&deZpkfj;ksa dks ldkjkRed ifj.kke ikus ds fy;s vius var rd ;gh izfØ;k viukus ;k djus ds fy;s izsfjr djuk pkfg;sA

4-2 tyk’k; j[kj[kko %& ty dks lnSo thou dk vk/kkj ekuk x;k gSA ty ds lEca/k esa ;g fopkj gh mldh mi;ksfxrk dks n’kkZrk gSA pw¡fd ty] fo’ks"kdj mi;ksx fd;k tk ldus okyk ty lhfer gS vr% mlls lao)Zu ,oa laj{k.k dh vko’;drk bl i`Foh ij ges’kk ls gh eglwl dh tkrh jgh gSA blh dkj.k ekuo lH;rk ds fodkl ds izR;sd pj.k esa ty dks lajf{kr j[kus ds fy;s vusdkusd i)fr;ksa ds fodkl ds izek.k Hkh miyC/k gSaA buesa tyk’k;ksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh ,d egÙoiw.kZ i)fr gSA tyk’k; izkd`frd Hkh gks ldrs gSa rFkk ekuo fufeZr HkhA izkd`frd tyk’k;ksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus rFkk d`f=e tyk’k;ksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa mudk j[kj[kko vius vki esa iw.kZ foKku gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa cM+s&cM+s ck¡/k ftlus ikuh ds izokg dks] tks vU;Fkk cgdj leqnz esa fey tkrk gS] jksddj ,d LFkku ij lafpr fd;k tkrk gSA vk/kqfud rduhdksa ls mu cM+s&cM+s ck¡/kksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa j[kj[kko fd;k tk jgk gSA cM+s&cM+s ck¡/kksa dk rduhdh j[kj[kko rks bl v/;k; dh fo"k; oLrq ugha gS ijUrq gekjs vkl&ikl ds tyk’k;ksa dk laj{k.k tulgHkkfxrk dk ,d fo"k; gSA bl vksj lekt ds lHkh oxksZa dks izsfjr dj /;ku

[ 25 ]

nsus dh vko’;drk gSA

tyk’k;ksa dk eq[; mn~ns’; lrgh ikuh dks jksduk jgk gSA ;g nksgjh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA izFke rks ;g fd o"kZ Hkj buesa miyC/k ikuh [ksrh ds dke esa rFkk i’kqvksa ds ihus ds dke esa vkrk gSA rFkk nwljk ;g fd ,d LFkku ij ikuh Hkjk jgus ls ;g vkl&ikl ds Hkwty Lrj dks c<+rk gS ftlls dq¡vksa] uydwiksa esa Hkh ikuh dk Lrj c<+rk gSA

ijEijkxr lekt us bl rjQ dkQh /;ku fn;k blhfy;s ge ;g ikrs gSa fd rkykc ;k tyk’k; ds lEca/k esa iqjkuh rduhd Hkh dkQh le`) ,oa oSKkfud rdksaZ ij vk/kkfjr gSA blds fy;s vki ftl {ks= esa Hkh jgrs gSa ;fn ml {ks= esa ekStwn tyk’k;ksa dks ns[ksaxs rks ik;saxs fd ty ds vkus ds jkLrs ls ysdj vfrfjDr@vf/kd vk;s gq;s ikuh dh fudklh dh mÙke O;oLFkk ijEijkxr tyk’k;ksa esa jgh gSA pw¡fd ;g tyk’k; vkl&ikl dh Hkwfe dks gjk&Hkjk j[kus ,oa i’kqvksa ds ikyu esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa vr% lekt dks Hkh buds leqfpr j[k&j[kko esa viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkuh pkfg;sA blds fy;s fuEu iz;kl fd;s tk ldrs gSa %&

1- tyk’k; ds vkl&ikl dk LFkku lkQ&lqFkjk j[kk tk;sA

2- i’kqvksa dks pkjk] tyk’k; ds fudV ugha Mkyk tkuk pkfg;s D;ksafd cpk gqvk pkjk tyk’k; esa tkdj xyu iSnk djsxkA

3- [kqys esa ’kkSp lekIr djus ds fy, py jgs fofHkUu iz;klksa ls tqM+ dj Hkh tyk’k; ds j[kj[kko esa viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ tk ldrh gSA

4- tyk’k;ksa ds fudV o`{kkjksi.k ls feV~Vh dk dVko Hkh :dsxk rFkk rkieku de jgus ls tyk’k; ds ikuh dk ok"ihdj.k Hkh de gksxkA blds fy, ,sls o`{kksa dk p;u fd;k tkuk pkfg;s ftuesa vkS"k/kh; xq.k gksaA ,slk djus ls o`{kksa ds iÙks tyk’k; esa fxjus ls Hkh ty nwf"kr ugha gksxkA

5- dHkh xzh"e _rq esa tyk’k; lw[k tk;s rks tu lg;ksx ls mldh vPNh rjg lQkbZ dh tkuh pkfg;s] ftlls o"kkZ _rq esa mlesa ty Hkjko vPNh rjg gks ldsA

blds vfrfjDr LFkkuh; tyok;q ,oa ijEijkvksa dks /;ku esa j[k dj LFkkuh; O;fDr;ksa ds Kku dks lfEefyr djrs gq, tyk’k;ksa ds j[kj[kko dh ;kstuk vR;f/kd dkjxj fl) gks ldrh gSA

4-3 miHkksDrk laj{k.k

^^ xzkgd gekjs ifjlj esa vkus okyk lcls egÙoiw.kZ vfrfFk gSA og ge ij fuHkZj ugha gSA ge ml ij fuHkZj gSaA og gekjs dk;Z esa ck/kk ugha gSA og bldk iz;kstu gSA og gekjs O;kikj ds fy, ,d ckgjh O;fDr ugha gSA og bldk fgLlk gSA ge mls lsok nsdj mls dksbZ ykHk ugha ns jgs gSaA og gesa ,slk djus dk volj nsdj gesa ykHk ns jgk gSA^^

& egkRek xk¡/kh

[ 26 ]

miHkksDrk vf/kdkj laj{k.k dkuwu

miHkksDrk laj{k.k {kfriwfrZ

f’kdk;r¼izdkj] f’kdk;rdÙkkZ] f’kdk;r eap]f’kdk;r djus dk izdkj½

miHkksDrk vf/kdkj

4-3-1 miHkksDrk ds vf/kdkj1- lqj{kk dk vf/kdkj & mu mRiknksa vkSj lsokvksa ls lqj{kk dk vf/kdkj tks thou rFkk lEifÙk dks

gkfu igq¡pk ldrs gSaA

2- lwpuk ikus dk vf/kdkj & miHkksDrk] ewY; pqdkdj mRikn ,oa lsok,¡ ysrk gSA mRiknksa rFkk lsokvksa dh xq.koÙkk] ek=k] izHkko] ’kq)rk] ekud rFkk ewY; ds ckjs esa tkuus dk vf/kdkjA

3- izfrLi/kkZRed ewY; dk vf/kdkj & tgk¡ Hkh laHko gks] ogka izfr;ksxkRed ewY;ksa ij fofHkUu mRiknksa rFkk lsokvksa rd igq¡p ds izfr vk’oklu dk vf/kdkjA

4- ’kks"k.k ds fo:) lquokbZ dk vf/kdkj & vuqfpr ;k izfrca/kkRed O;kikj i)fr;ksa ;k miHkksDrkvksa ds vuSfrd ’kks"k.k ds fo:) miHkksDrk dh lquokbZ dk vf/kdkjA

5- lquokbZ vkSj vk’oklu dk vf/kdkj & mfpr eapksa ij miHkksDrk ds fgrksa dks mi;qDr fofu;ksx izkIr gksukA

6- miHkksDrk f’k{kk dk vf/kdkj

7- p;u dk vf/kdkj & izR;sd miHkksDrk dks viuh vko’;drk dh oLrqvksa dks mudh fofHkUu fdLeksa esa ls p;u dk vf/kdkj gSA

ljdkj] miHkksDrkvksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, tks ljdkjh fu;a=.k djrh gS] og miHkksDrk laj{k.k gSA vkt dk ;qx miHkksx dk ;qx gSA ge vius thou esa fuR; izfr dqN u dqN [kjhnrs gSaA ;g [kjhn gekjh vko’;drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq gksrh gSA tks lsok ;k oLrq ge ewY; pqdkdj Ø; djrs gSa] og oLrq ;k lsok gekjs larqf"V Lrj ij [kjh mrjuh pkfg,A blds vfrfjDr mRiknksa rFkk lsokvksa dh xq.koÙkk] ek=k ’kq)rk] ekud rFkk ewY; ds ckjs esa tkuus dk vf/kdkj] miHkksDrk dk gSA

miHkksDrk laj{k.k ds vUrxZr] miHkksDrk ds vf/kdkj] f’kdk;r&izdkj] ntZ djkuk ¼dgk¡ vkSj dSls½ djs fuEu fp= ls le>k tk ldrk gSA

4-3-2 f’kdk;rksa dk izdkj miHkksDrk dh f’kdk;rsa dk vk/kkj fuEu izdkj dh gks ldrh gS&

1- O;kikjh }kjk vuqfpr@izfrca/kkRed izdkj ds iz;ksx djus ls ;fn miHkksDrk dks gkfu@{kfr gqbZ gksA

[ 27 ]

2- [kjhns x;s lkeku esa dksbZ [kjkch gksukA

3- fdjk;s ij yh xbZ@mi;ksx esa dh xbZ lsokvksa esa deh ikukA

4- foØsrk }kjk] iznf’kZr ewY; ;k ykxw dkuwu ls vf/kd ewY; ysukA

5- ,slk lkeku cspuk ftlds mi;ksx ls fdlh dkuwu dk mYya?ku gksrk gS vkSj thou rFkk lqj{kk ds fy, tksf[ke djus okyk gksA

6- Ø; fd;s x;s vFkok Ø; ds fy, legr eky esa =qfV;k¡ vkukA

4-3-3 f’kdk;rdÙkkZ1- Lo;a miHkksDrk

2- LoSfPNd miHkksDrk laxBu ¼lfefr iathdj.k vf/kfu;e 1960 ;k daiuh vf/kfu;e 1951 ;k orZeku ds fdlh vU; fof/k ds v/khu iathd`r gks½

4-3-4 f’kdk;r eap1- ;fn lkeku] lsokvksa dh ykxr ;k ekaxh xbZ {kfriwfrZ dh jkf’k :i;s 20-00 yk[k ls de gS rks

ftyk Qksje esa f’kdk;r dj ldrs gSa

2- ;fn lkeku] lsokvksa dh ykxr ;k ekaxh xbZ {kfriwfrZ dh jkf’k :i;s 20-00 yk[k ls vf/kd ijUrq :i;s 1-00 djksM+ ls de gks rks jkT; vk;ksx ds le{k f’kdk;r dh tk ldrh gSA

3- ;fn lkeku] lsokvksa dh ykxr ;k ekaxh xbZ {kfriwfrZ dh jkf’k :i;s 1-00 djksM+ ls vf/kd gS rks jk"Vªh; vk;ksx ds le{k f’kdk;r dh tk ldrh gSA

4-3-5 f’kdk;r djus dk rjhdk miHkksDrk }kjk ;k f’kdk;rdÙkkZ }kjk f’kdk;r lkns dkxt ij dh tk ldrh gSA f’kdk;r esa f’kdk;rdÙkkvksa rFkk foØsrk@lsok iznkrk ds uke dk fooj.k] irk] f’kdk;r ls lEcaf/kr rRFkkRed tkudkjh] vkjksiksa ds lanHkZ esa nLrkostA

4-3-6 {kfriwfrZ1- miHkksDrk dks iznÙk oLrq ls [kjkch gVkukA

2- miHkksDrk dks iznÙk oLrq cnyukA

3- miHkksDrk dks iznÙk oLrq ds fo:) pqdk;s x;s ewY; dks okil nsukA

4- nks"kiw.k oLrq@lsok ds iz;ksx ls gqbZ gkfu ;k pksV ds fy, {kfriwfrZA

4-4 miHkksDrk vf/kdkj laj{k.k dkuwu miHkksDrk vf/kdkj ls lEcaf/kr vf/kfu;e@dkuwuksa esa ls izeq[k fuEu gSa&

1- ,e-vkj-Vh-ih- ,DV 1969 ¼eksuksikWfyt ,.M jsLVªsfDVo VªsM izsfDVlst vf/kfu;e½

2- fpVQ.M vf/kfu;e 1982

3- [kk| inkFkZ feykoV jks/kh vf/kfu;e 1954

4- miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1986

5- la’kksf/kr miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 2002

[ 28 ]

4-5 miHkksDrk fnol 15 ekpZ % vUrjkZ"Vªh; miHkksDrk fnol ¼vesfjdh dkaxzsl }kjk miHkksDrk laj{k.k ij is’k fo/ks;d ds vuqeksnu dh frfFk½

4-6 ekudksa dk mUu;u miHkksDrk dks vius vf/kdkjksa dk mi;ksx djus esa lgk;rk nsus ds fy, xq.koÙkk vkSj ekudksa dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA blds fuEu mnkgj.k gS&

1- Qy mRikn vkns’k ¼,Q ih vks½

2- Hkkjrh; [kk| lqj{kk vkSj ekud izkf/kdj.k (FSSAI)

3- Hkkjrh; ekud C;wjks (BIS)

3- Lo.kkZHkw"k.kksa dh gky ekfdZax

vH;kl iz’u&

oLrqfu"B iz’u1- gekjs ns’k esa o"kZ Hkj esa vuqekfur fdruk o"kkZ ty izkIr gksrk gS&

¼v½ 2000 ?ku fdyksehVj ¼c½ 500 ?ku fdyksehVj

¼l½ 4000 ?ku fdyksehVj ¼n½ 3000 ?ku fdyksehVj

2- ty dk mi;ksx fdl izdkj gksuk pkfg;s&

¼v½ viO;;h ¼c½ ferO;;h

¼l½ bPNkuqlkj ¼n½ mijksDr esa ls dqN ughaA

3- tyk’k; fdl izdkj ls ykHknk;h gS&

¼v½ i’kqvksa ds is;ty gsrq ¼c½ d`f"k ds fy;s ty gsrq

¼l½ Hkwty Lrj c<+kus esa ¼n½ mijksDr lHkh

[ 29 ]

4- la’kksf/kr miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e fdl o"kZ esa ykxw gqvk Fkk

¼v½ 1982 ¼c½ 2002 ¼l½ 2010 ¼n½ 2014

5- miHkksDrk fnol izfro"kZ fdl fnu euk;k tkrk gS&

¼v½ 10 ekpZ ¼c½ 15 tuojh ¼l½ 15 ekpZ ¼n½ 30 fnlEcj

y?kqÙkjkRed iz’u1- ty lap;u D;k gS\

2- ty laj{k.k dk D;k vfHkizk; gS\

3- ty laj{k.k ds dksbZ nks ?kjsyw mik; crkb;s\

4- tyk’k; fdls dgrs gSa\

5- miHkksDrk }kjk fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa f’kdk;r dh tk ldrh gS\

6- miHkksDrk dks {kfriwfrZ fdl esa izkIr gks ldrh gS\

fuca/kkRed iz’u1- ty laj{k.k ij ,d ys[k fyf[k;sA

2- tyk’k;ksa ds j[k&j[kko ds lkekU; iz;kl dkSuls gSa\

3- miHkksDrk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e ds rgr f’kdk;r djus dk D;k rjhdk gS\

4- miHkksDrk ds vf/kdkjksa ij ,d ys[k fyf[k;sA

mÙkjekyk ¼oLrqfu"B iz’u½ %1- ¼l½ 2- ¼c½ 3- ¼n½ 4- ¼c½ 5- ¼l½

[ 30 ]

v/;k; & 5

ÅtkZ okfguh] tyokfguh ,oa i;kZoj.k okfguh

5-1 ÅtkZ ÅtkZ gesa vius dk;Z lEiknu esa lgk;rk djrh gSA ;g gekjs 'kjhj dks xeZ j[krh gS] blls ge vius fy, Hkkstu fuekZ.k dj ldrs gSa] blls fofHkUu izdkj ds okgu rFkk bysDVªksfud midj.kksa ¼dEI;wVj] Vh-oh- bR;kfn½ dk izpkyu laHko gks ikrk gSA ÅtkZ gekjs fodkl] lksp rFkk xfreku gksus ds fy, vko';d gSA ÅtkZ esa oLrq :ikUrj.k dh {kerk gSA ÅtkZ dk;Z djus dh lkeF;Z gSA

ÅtkZ izdk'k gSA ge vius izdk'k dk lokZf/kd Hkkx lw;Z ls xzg.k djrs gSaA fnu esa dk;Z djus ls iSls dh cpr gksrh gS D;ksafd lw;Z dk izdk'k fu%'kqYd miyC/k gSA jkf= esa izdk'k ds fy;s fo|qr ÅtkZ dk iz;ksx djuk iM+rk gSA

ÅtkZ Å"ek gSA tks Hkkstu ge xzg.k djrs gSa og gekjs 'kjhj dks xeZ j[kus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA lfnZ;ksa esa dEcy] Åuh diM+s gesa xeZ j[krs gSaA ge isM+ ikS/kksa o vU; oLrqvksa esa laxzfgr ÅtkZ dk iz;ksx Å"ek mRiUu djus ds fy;s djrs gSaA ge Hkkstu cukus ds fy, izkd`frd xSl] dks;ys] ydM+h dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA dy&dkj[kkus bZa/ku dk iz;ksx dj miHkksDrk oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA

izR;sd fo|ky; esa nl&nl Nk=@Nk=kvksa ds lewg cukdj ÅtkZ okfguh dk xBu fd;k tk ldrk gSA ÅtkZ okfguh ds lnL;ksa dks ÅtkZ] ty rFkk i;kZoj.k fe= vknrksa ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls le>k;k tkuk pkfg,A mlds ckn ÅtkZ okfguh ds lnL; vius fo|ky;] ?kj rFkk vU;kU; LFkkuksa ij ÅtkZ] ty ,oa i;kZoj.k laj{k.k esa viuk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSaA

bl v/;k; esa ÅtkZ cpr vknrksa] okguksa ds fy, ÅtkZ cpr vknrsa] ,;j daMh’kuj gsrq ÅtkZ] laj{k.k vknrsa] jsÝhtjsVj gsrq ÅtkZ laj{k.k vknrsa] ty laj{k.k] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] o`{k vkSj dkxt cpr] [kkuk cukrs le; bZa/ku cpkus ds dq’ky rjhdsa] IykfLVd vif’k"V ds uqdlku] lhojst izca/ku] dpjk izca/ku tSls fo"k;ksa ij crk;k x;k gSA blds ckn ÅtkZ okfguh vkSj lkaLd`frd /kjksgj] o`{kkjksi.k dk o.kZu gSA bl v/;k; esa ÅtkZ okfguh dk;Zokgh i=dksa (working sheets) ds uewus Hkh fn;s x;s gSa ftudk iz;ksx djds fo|kFkhZ ÅtkZ fe= cuus dh vksj c<+ ldrk gSA blh v/;k; esa ,d i;kZoj.k fe=] iz’u eap fn;k x;kA blesa dqN iz’u gS rks muds mÙkj ds fodYi fn;s gSaA mÙkjksa ds fodYiksa ds lEeq[k vad Hkh iznÙk gSaA fo|kFkhZ bl iz’u eap esa vius izkIr vadksa ds vk/kkj ij vkdyu djds viuh i;kZoj.k fe= fLFkfr Kkr dj ldrk gSA

5-1-1 fctyh vk/kkfjr O;oLFkk esa ÅtkZ cpr vknrsa

1- ges'kk ,l-vks-,l- vknr MkysA ,l-vks-,l- dk vFkZ gS & Lohp vkWQ lefFkaxA

2- ;fn dksbZ cM+k laLFkku gS rks mlesa vojDr lsalj] xfr lsalj] Lopkfyr le; dkjd dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

3- cYc@V~;wc ykbZV ij /kwy dh ijr dks le;&le; ij gVkrs jgsaA

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4- lkekU; V~;wc ykbZV ds LFkku ij lR;kfir iryh V~;wc ykbZV dke esa ys ldrs gSaA

5- dk;Z LFky ij xgjs jax okyh nhokjsa us gksA

6- vketu dh Hkk"kk esa ftls ̂ thjks okWV* dk cYc djrs gSa og Hkh izfr?k.Vk 12 ls 15 okWV [kpZ djrk gSA vr% blesa de jsfVax dk ,y-bZ-Mh- iz;ksx esa ysosaA

7- laHko gks rks dkuZj esa cYc yxk;sa rkfd izdk'k nks nhokjksa esa ijkofrZr gksA

8- tc vko';d u gks rc dEI;wVj@Vh-oh- cUn dj nsaA

9- vius fo|ky;@?kj esa fo|qr ds midj.k dks mi;ksx esa u gksus ij cUn dj nsaA

10- izfrfnu fo|ky; ds cUn gksus ds ckn vkSj tc d{k mi;ksx esa u vk jgs gksa rc fctyh ds lHkh fLopksa dks can djus ds fy, fo'ks"k ny cuk;saA blh izdkj ?kj esa Hkh mi;ksx esa u vkus ij midj.kksa ds fLop vkWQ dj nsaA

11- vius fo|ky;@?kj esa mi;ksx fd;s tkus okys fctyh ds midj.kksa dh ,d lwph cuk,a vkSj muls [kir gksus okyh fctyh dh ek=k dh x.kuk djsaA blds fy, ÅtkZ okfguh dk;Zokgh i=d 1 uewuk fn;k gSA

12- ;g irk yxk,a fd dkSulk midj.k vf/kd ÅtkZ n{k gS vkSj mUgsa fo|ky;@?kj ds fdu iqjkus de n{k midj.kksa ls cnyk tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ijaijkxr rki nhIr cYc dks lh-,Q-,y-@,y-bZ-Mh- ls cnyukA vius fu"d"kksZa dks fo|ky; izca/ku@ekrk&firk dks crk,aA blds fy, ÅtkZ okfguh dk;Zokgh i=d&2 vkxs fn;k gSA

13- vius ?kj@fo|ky; ds fctyh ds fcyksa dk fo'ys"k.k djsaA fctyh dh cckZnh okys LFkkuksa dks fpfUgr djsaA ftu ekg@volj ij fctyh [kir T;knk gks mu ekg ds fy;s fo'ks"k ;kstuk cuk;saA blds fy, ÅtkZ okfguh dk;Zokgh i=d&3 vkxs fn;k gSA

14- ÅtkZ dh [kir dks de djus ds mik;ksa dk irk yxk;sa vkSj fo|ky;@?kj ds Lrj ij fodYiksa dks fo|ky; izca/ku ekrk&firk dks crk;saA blds fy;s ÅtkZ okfguh dk;Zokgh i=d&4 dk uewuk vkxs gSA blesa blds vfrfjDr vU; ̂ÅtkZ laj{k.k vknrsa* Hkh of.kZr gSA

15- vkids ?kj esa rFkk vkids fo|ky; esa Hkkstu idkus dh O;oLFkk ¼;fn gks rks½ vki Hkkstu idkus ds nkSjku iz;ksx gksus okys bZa/ku rFkk fof/k;ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ,d= djsaA

5-1-2 okguksa ds fy, ÅtkZ cpr vknrsa

¼1½ ferO;;h bZa/ku mi;ksx ds fy;s dkj dks vfHkdfYir pky ij gh pyk;saA

¼2½ vius pkj ifg;k@nks ifg;k okgu esa fx;j dk pquko] okgu fuHkZjrk }kjk iznÙk funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj djsaA

¼3½ okgu pykrs le; Dyp iSMy ij yxkrkj ik¡o u j[ksA

¼4½ dHkh Hkh vpkud czsd yxkrs le; fx;j t:j cnysaA

¼5½ okgu dks ckj&ckj cUn ;k pyk;sa ughaA vU;Fkk bZa/ku [kir] cSVjh fu"iknu {kerk ij izHkko iM+rk gSA

¼6½ ;fn pkSjkgksa ij ;krk;kr O;oLFkk ds rgr 15 lSd.M ls T;knk #duk gks rks batu can dj nsosaA

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¼7½ Vk;jksa esa gok dk ncko] vfHkdfYir ncko ij cuk;s j[ksaA

¼8½ okgu fuekZrk }kjk fu/kkZfjr okgu pfyr nwjh ;k fu/kkZfjr le; ij okgu dh lfoZl djk;saA

¼9½ tgk¡ rd laHko gks okgu dks lokjh {kerk ls de ij u pyk;sa vFkkZr okgu lk>s esa pyk;saA

¼10½ lkoZtfud ifjogu O;oLFkk dk mi;ksx T;knk ls T;knk djus dk iz;kl djsaA

5-1-3 ifjogu izcU/ku ls cpr

1- ,d fdyksehVj ls de nwjh dkj ;k eksVjlkbfdy ds cnys iSny pydj iwjh djus ij izfro"kZ :- 240-00 ls :- 1070-00 cpk;s tk ldrs gSaA okf"kZd dkcZu mRltZu esa 11 fdyksxzke ls 18 fdyksxzke dh deh vk ldrh gSA

2- dkj ds Vk;j esa mfpr gok Hkjdj pykus ij izfr o"kZ yxHkx :- 3344 ds cpr rFkk okf"kZd dkcZu mRltZu esa deh 150 fdxzk- dh gks ldrh gSA

3- O;fDrxr :i ls izfrfnu 40 fdeh pykbZ tk jgh ,d dkj ds lM+d ij u gksus ls :- 29352 dh okf"kZd cpr ,oa okf"kZd dkcZu mRltZu esa deh 1321 fdyksxzke dh gks ldrh gSA

5-1-4 ,;j daMh'kuj gsrq ÅtkZ laj{k.k vknrsa

¼1½ chbZbZ lR;kfir mRikn ysosaA

¼2½ xehZ ds fo:) tgk¡ rd laHko gks Vscy@Nr ia[kk igys iz;qDr djsaA0 0

¼3½ ,-lh- dk rkieku 22 lsaVhxzsM ls T;knk j[kus ij izfr fMxzh fo|qr [kir ?kVrh tkrh gSA 25 lsaVhxszM ij lokZf/kd vkjke] U;wure dher ij feyrk gSA

¼4½ ?kj dh nhokjksa] Nrksa dks isM+&ikS/kksa ls <+ddj fo|qr [kir esa 40 izfr'kr rd deh ykbZ tk ldrh gSA

¼5½ ,-lh- dk fQYVj izfr ekg lkQ djsaA

¼6½ dejs dh f[kM+dh@njokts i;kZIr :i ls lhy djsaA

¼7½ cMs+ gkWy@ekWy esa ,-lh- dks yksM vuqlkj vkWu@vkWQ djus ds fy;s bysDVªkWfud lsalj iz;qDr djsaA

¼8½ f[kM+dh ,-lh- ds LFkku ij fLifyV ,-lh- dk iz;ksx djsaA

¼9½ ?kjksa ds ckgjh nhokjksa dks xgjk jax u djsa D;ksafd xgjk jax T;knk Å"ek vo'kksf"kr djrs gSaA

¼10½ ,-lh- esa iz'khrd dk Lrj fu;fer :i ls tk¡p djkrs jgsaA

5-1-5 jsÝhtsjsVj gsrq ÅtkZ laj{k.k vknrsa

¼1½ chbZbZ ¼C;wjks vkWQ ,uthZ ,Qhlha;lh½ okys mRikn ysosaA

¼2½ vius izfrf'k= o Ýhtj dk rki lgh j[ksaA ;fn ;g rkieku vko';d rkieku ls 2&3 fMxzh de gqvk rks fctyh dk miHkksx de ls de 25 izfr'kr c<+ tk;sxkA

¼3½ fÝt ds njokts dh lhy dks fu;fer :i ls tk¡prs jfg;sA ;fn xSi gS rks bls cnyokb,A

¼4½ fÝt dks lw;Z ds izdk'k ds lh/ks lEidZ esa vkus okyh nhokj dh vksj u j[ksaA

¼5½ fÝt esa dEizs'kj pyus ls Å"ek mRiUu gksrh gSA vr% blds pkjksa vksj gok ds izokg ds fy;s i;kZIr LFkku j[ksaA

[ 33 ]

¼6½ fÝt esa [kqys rjy u j[ksaA rjy ls ok"i cusxh vkSj blls dEizs'kj ij Hkkj c<s+xkA

¼7½ fÝt esa j[kus ls iwoZ xeZ [kkus@rjy ¼nw/k bR;kfn½ dks dejs ds rki rd B.Mk dj ysaA

¼8½ fÝt [kksyus ls iwoZ esa /;ku jguk pkfg;s fd vkidks D;k djuk gSA blls njokts [kqyk jgus dk le; ?kVsxkA

¼9½ la?kfu= dh dq.Mfy;ksa ij /kwy tek u gksus nsaA

¼10½ ekuo pfyr fMÝksLV Ýht esa fu;fer :I ls Ýhtj dks fMÝksLV fdft,A

lk/kkj.k cYc o lh-,Q-,y- dh rqyuk

rkfydk & 1

?kVd lk/kkj.k cYc lh-,Q-,y- - ¼100 okWV½ ¼20 okWV½

¼v½ ;fn 5 ?k.Vk izfrfnu iz;qDr gks rks fo|qr [kir 0-5 ;wfuV 0-1 ;wfuV

¼c½ izfrekg [kir fcUnq ̂v* ds vuqlkj 15 ;wfuV 3 ;wfuV

izfro"kZ [kir fcUnw ̂v* o ̂c* ds vuqlkj 180 ;wfuV 36 ;wfuV

¼l½ fctyh [kir ¼izfr ;wfuV 3-75 ekurs gq,½ :- 675 :- 135

lh-,Q-,y- iz;qDr gksus ls okf"kZd cpr & :- 540

cYc ykxr ¼vuqekfur½ :- 12 :- 110

cYc vk;q 1000 ?kaVk 8000 ?kaVk

5-2 ty laj{k.k dkSu ugha tkurk dh ikuh izd`fr dh lcls vueksy /kjksgj gSA ;g fo'o l`tu vkSj blds lapkyu dk vk/kkj gSA ekuo laLd`fr dk mn~xkrk gSA ekuo lH;rk dk fuekZrk gSA ikuh thou ds fy, vfuok;Z gSA ikuh ds fcuk tho txr ds vfLrRo dh dYiuk csdkj gSA gesa is;ty] nSfud fnup;kZ] d`f"k dk;ksZa vkSj m|ksx /ka/kksa esa ikuh dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ftudh iwfrZ ds fy, ge miyC/k ty lalk/kuksa ds lkFk&lkFk Hkwty dk Hkh tedj nksgu dj jgs gSaA yxkrkj gks jgs nksgu ls Hkwty dk Lrj izfro"kZ uhps tk jgk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ty lzksr lw[kus yxs gSaA tyladV xgjkus yxk gSA o"kkZ Hkwty L=ksr c<+kus dk dk;Z djrh gSA

ty] euq"; dh ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa esa ls ,d gSA ekuo LokLF; ds fy, LoPN ty dk gksuk furkar vko';d gSA ty dh vuqifLFkfr;ksa esa ekuo dqN fnu gh ftUnk jg ikrk gS D;ksafd ekuo 'kjhj dk ,d cM+k fgLlk ty gksrk gSA vr% LoPN ty ds vHkko esa fdlh izk.kh ds thou dh D;k] fdlh lH;rk dh dYiuk] ugha dh tk ldrh gSA ;g lc vkt ekuo dks Kkr gksrs gq, Hkh fcuk lksps&fopkjs gekjs ty&L=ksrksa esa ,sls inkFkZ feyk jgk gS ftlds feyus ls ty iznwf"kr gks jgk gSA ty gesa unh] rkykc] dq,¡] >hy vkfn ls izkIr gks jgk gSA tula[;k o`f)] vkS|ksfxdj.k vkfn us gekjs ty L=ksrksa dks iznwf"kr fd;k gS ftldk Toyar izek.k gS fd gekjh ifo= ikou xaxk unh ftldk ty dbZ o"kksZa rd j[kus ij Hkh LoPN o fueZy jgrk Fkk ysfdu vkt ;gh ikou unh xaxk D;k dbZ ufn;k¡ o ty

[ 34 ]

L=ksr iznwf"kr gks x;s gSaA ;fn gesa ekuo lH;rk dks ty iznw"k.k ds [krjksa ls cpkuk gS rks bl izkd`frd lalk/ku dks iznwf"kr gksus ls jksduk furkar vko';d gS oukZ ty iznw"k.k ls gksus okys [krjs ekuo lH;rk ds fy, [krjk cu tk;saxsA

?kjsyq Lrj ij mik;

5-2-1- o"kkZ ds ikuh dk laxzg viuh o"kZHkj dh vko';drk ds fy,

;g rks vkidks Kkr gS fd jktLFkku esa vU; jkT;ksa ls de o"kkZ gksrh gS ftlds QyLo:i iwjs o"kZ ds fy, i;kZIr ty dh vkiwfrZ ugha gks ikrh gSA

blds vfrfjDr ge o"kkZ ds ty dks O;FkZ esa cgus nsrsa gSA ikuh dh bl deh dks ge vius iz;klksa ls dkQh gn rd iwjk dj ldrs gSa] tSls %&

1- Nr ls cjlkr ds ikuh dks O;FkZ u cgus nsaA o"kkZ dky esa Nrksa dh lQkbZ djsa rFkk Nr ds <yku okyh vkSj ikbi yxkdj ;g ikuh [email protected] esa laxzfgr djsaA

2- Nr iDdh u gks rks [ksr ;k [kqys eSnku esa Vkadk cuokdj ikuh bDVBk djsaA

3- ;fn Vkadk cukuk laHko u gks rks eqxkZtkyh Vkadk ;k IykfLVd VSad bLrseky djsaA

4- jktLFkku esa gksus okyh vkSlr cjlkr ls ,d iDds edku dh Nr ¼yxHkx 25 oxZ ehVj½ ls bruk ikuh laxzg gks ldrk gS] ftlls 10 yksxksa ds ifjokj dh 200 ls T;knk fnuksa rd dk [kkuk idkus ,oa ihus ds ikuh dh vko';drk iwjh gks ldrh gSA

5-2-2- ty dh cwan&cwan dherh gS] bls O;FkZ u xaok,

1- ty izd`fr dh vueksy /kjksgj gSA ;fn ty O;FkZ cgsxk rks vius okys le; esa ikuh dh deh ,d xgu ladV cu tk,xhA le>nkjh ls ty dk mi;ksx djsa rks ty dh miyC/krk yEcs le; rd cuh jgsxhA

2- ikuh O;FkZ u cgus nsA

3- vki Lo;a ikuh cpk,a ,oa vius ikl ds yksxksa dks Hkh blds fy, izsfjr djsaA

4- mUur rduhd dk lLrk LoPN 'kkSpky; mi;ksx esaa ysa ftlesa ikuh dh cgqr de vko’;drk iM+rh gSaA

5- tgk¡ rd laHko gks ugkus&/kksus ds ikuh dks lCth dh D;kfj;ksa ;k isM+&ikS/kksa ds fy, iz;ksx esa ysosaA

6- Luku djrs le; ^^ckYVh esa ty ysdj^*] 'kkoj ;k ^Vc* esa Luku dh rqyuk esa cgqr ty cpk;k tk ldrk gSA iq:"k oxZ nk<+h cukrs le; ;fn VksaVh can j[ks rks cgqr ty cp ldrk gSA jlksbZ esa ty dh ckYVh ;k Vc esa vxj crZu lkQ djsa] rks cgqr cM+h gkfu jksdh tk ldrh gSA

7- igys xk¡oksa] dLcksa vkSj uxjksa dh lhek ij rkykc gksrs Fks] ftlesa LokHkkfod :i esa ekulwu dh o"kkZ dk ty ,df=r gks tkrk FkkA lkFk gh] vuqi;ksxh ty Hkh rkykc esa tkrk FkkA rkykcksa dk ty iwjs xk¡o ds ihus] ugkus vkSj i'kqvksa vkfn ds dke esa vkrk FkkA t:jh gS fd xk¡oksa] dLcksa vkSj uxjksa esa NksVs&cM+s rkykc cukdj o"kkZ ty dk laj{k.k fd;k tk,A

8- ?kjksa] eqgYyksa vkSj lkoZtfud ikdksZa] Ldwyksa] vLirkyksa] nqdkuksa] efUnjksa vkfn esa yxh uy dh

[ 35 ]

VksafV;k¡ [kqyh ;k VwVh jgrh gS] rks vutkus gh izfrfnu gtkjksa yhVj ty csdkj gks tkrk gSA bl cckZnh dks jksdus ds fy, iz;kl fd;s tkus pkfg,A

9- taxyksa dk dVko gksus ls nksgjk uqdlku gksrk gSA igyk ;g fd ok"ihdj.k u gksus ls o"kkZ ugha gks ikrh vkSj nwljs Hkwfexr ty lw[krk tkrk gSA c<+rh tula[;k vkSj vkS|ksfxdj.k ds dkj.k taxy vkSj o`{kksa ds va/kk/kq/k dVku ls Hkwfe dh ueh yxkrkj de gksrh tk jgh gSA blfy, o`{kkjksi.k yxkrkj fd;k tkuk t:jh gS %&

5-2-3 izfrfnu 100 yhVj ikuh cpkus ds mik;

1- okaf'kx e'khu ds izR;sd pØ esa ftrus diM+s vk ldrs gSa] mlls de {kerk ij okf'kax e'khu ugha pyk;saA

2- ugkus ds fy, 'kkWoj ds LFkku ij ckYVh dk mi;ksx djsaA

3- Q'kZ /kksus ds LFkku ij iksaNk yxk;saA

4- diMs+ /kksus ds mijkUr fudys ty dk mi;ksx VkW;ysV ¶yf'kax esa djsaA

5- dk;ZØeksa esa Vscy ij ikuh dh cksry u j[krs gq, fxykl esa ikuh <+d dj j[k ldrs gSaA

rkfydk & 2

Nr dk eki ¼oxZ ehVj esa½ 50 100 150 200 250

o"kkZ ¼ fe-eh- esa½

200 8000 16000 24000 32000 40000

300 12000 24000 36000 48000 64000

400 16000 32000 48000 60000 80000

500 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000

rkfydk & 3

izfrfnu U;wure lqjf{kr ikuh dh vko';drk ¼yhVj esa½

ifjokj esa lnL;ksa ihus dk ikuh@ vU; dk;Z gsrq dqy ;ksx

dh la[;k [kkuk idkus dk ikuh

6 30 60 90

7 35 70 105

8 40 80 120

9 45 90 135

10 50 100 150

5-3 i;kZoj.k laj{k.k5-3-1 o`{k vkSj dkxt cpr

1- izR;sd ekg ,d jhe ¼500 ist½ dkxt dk mi;ksx de djus ij okf"kZd dkcZu mRltZu esa 87

[ 36 ]

fdyksxzke dh deh vk ldrh gSA

2- izR;sd ekg 50 ist Mcy lkbZM fizaV ysus ij 8-7 fdyksxzke okf"kZd dkcZu mRltZu esa deh vk ldrh gSA

3- 100 Nk=ksa ds viuh 10 iqLrdsa vius dfu"Bksa dks nsus ij 870 fdyksxzke okf"kZd dkcZu mRltZu esa deh vk ldrh gSA

4- izR;sd ekg 100 Nk=ksa ds 50 iqjkus dkxt ij jQ dk;Z djus ij izfro"kZ 870 fdyksxzke dkcZu mRltZu esa deh vk ldrh gSA

5- vkokl ifjlj ds pkjksa vksj 100 o`{k yxkus ij okf"kZd dkcZu mRltZu esa 366 ls 1000 fdyksxzke dh deh vk ldrh gSA

5-3-2 [kkuk cukrs le; bZa/ku cpkus ds dq'ky rjhds

1- ?kj esa ifjokj ,d lkFk cSBdj Hkkstu djsa rkfd ckj&ckj Hkkstu xeZ u djuk iMs+A izfrfnu 5 feuV ekbØksoso dk mi;ksx u gksus ls fctyh dh okf"kZd cpr :- 146 gSA

2- pkoy] nky bR;kfn dks idkus ls iwoZ igys fHkxks dj j[k nsaA

3- xSl cuZj dks izfrfnu lkQ djsaA

4- fÝt esa j[ks Hkkstu dks xeZ djus ls iwoZ ckgj fudky dj j[ksaA

5- xSl tykus ls iwoZ lHkh lkexzh rS;kj j[ksaA

6- Hkkstu cukus esa mfpr ek=k esa ikuh dk mi;ksx djsaA

7- Hkkstu cukrs le; crZu rFkk d<+kbZ dks <+d dj j[ksaA

5-3-3 IykfLVd vif'k"B ds uqdlku

1- IykfLVd i;kZoj.k ds fy, ,d dSalj ds leku gS vkSj ;fn izHkkoh fu;eksa }kjk blds mi;ksx dks ugha jksdk x;k rks vkus okys le; esa blds Hk;adj ifj.kke Hkqxrus iMs+axs D;ksafd IykfLVd ck;ksfMxzsMscy ¼tSo vi?kV~;½ ugha gSA

2- IykfLVd dks mPp jklk;fud izfrjks/k ds dkj.k bldh ,d cksry cgqr yEcs le; rd Hkwfe esa jg ldrh gSA

3- Hkkjr ds yxHkx lHkh izeq[k uxjksa esa ukfy;ksa ds vo:) gksus dk eq[; dkj.k IykfLVd vo:) gSA

4- IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa ds mi;ksx ls xkS o xkSoa'k bUgsa Hkkstu ds :i esa xzg.k dj ysrs gSa ftlls ifj.kkeLo:i muds LokLF; ij cqjk izHkko iM+rk gS rFkk mudh e`R;q rd gks tkrh gSA

5- IykfLVd dh fofuekZ.k izfØ;k ds nkSjku Hkh dbZ izdkj ds gkfudkjd fo"kSys jlk;uksa dk mRltZu gksrk gSA

6- o"kZ 2011 esa Hkkjr ds i;kZoj.k ,oa ou ea=ky; }kjk tkjh u;s fu;eksa ds vuqlkj IykfLVd cSxksa dh eksVkbZ vc 40 ekbØksUl gksuh pkfg,A

5-3-4 lhost izca/ku ¼[kqys esa 'kkSp u tkuk½

1- [kqys esa 'kkSp vFkok ew= mRltZu okLro esa 'keZ dk fo"k; gSA

[ 37 ]

2- [kqys esa 'kkSp ls xzkeh.k rFkk 'kgjh cPpksa dk LokLF; izHkkfor gksrk gSA

3- [kqys esa 'kkSp ds ifj.kkeLo:i vusd chekfj;k¡ ftuesa mYVh] nLr izeq[k gS] cMs+ iSekus ij QSyrh gSA ftudh ifjf.krh dbZ ckj e`R;q ij gksrh gSA

4- [kqys esa 'kkSp ls ty dh xq.koÙkk [kRe gks tkrh gSA ;g ty ihus ds yk;d ugha jgrk gSA ,d rjg dk cSfDVfj;k ekuo ey dh ty esa mifLFkfr dk ladsr nsrk gS] bls bZ&dksykbZ dgrs gSaA

5- ty] LoPNrk] LokLF;] iks"k.k vkSj yksxksa dh HkykbZ esa lc vkil esa tqMs+ gq, gSaA iznwf"kr ty dk ihuk] ey dk Bhd ls fuiVku u djuk] O;fDrxr vkSj [kk| inkFkksZa ds LokLF; vkSj lQkbZ dh deh] dpjs dk Bhd ls izca/ku u gksuk] chekfj;ksa dh cM+h otg gSA

5-3-5 i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k

1- i;kZoj.k 'kCn dk vFkZ gS gekjs pkjksa vksj dk vkoj.kA

2- ge lHkh ,oa gekjk ;g lalkj vkdk'k] ok;q] ty] i`Foh] vfXu] lw;Z rFkk ou] o`{k] unh] igkM+] leqnz ,oa i'kq&i{kh blesa lfEefyr gSA

3- vkt ty] Fky] ok;q iznwf"kr gSA Xysf'k;j fi?ky jgs gSa] oSf'od xekZgV] gfjr x`g xSlksa dk vR;f/kd mRltZu] j{kk dkjd vkstksu ijr esa Nsn tSlh ?kVukvksa esa oSKkfudksa] 'kks/kdÙkkvksa] usrkvksa o fopkjdksa dh uhan mM+k j[kh gSA

4- Hkkjrh; oSfnd rFkk ykSfdd lkfgR; esa mi;qZDr vkdk'k] ok;q] ty rFkk i`Foh vkfn i;kZoj.k ds ?kVd rRoksa dk Lrou] mudh fo'ks"krkvksa rFkk fo'o esa mudh mi;ksfxrkvksa dk fp=.k gSA

iznw"k.k ds izdkj %& 1- ty iznw"k.k 2- ok;q iznw"k.k 3- e`nk iznw"k.k 4- /ofu 5- jsfM+;ks lfØ; fofdj.k iznw"k.k 6- varfj{k esa QSyrk dwM+k 7- tsfufVdyh ekWMhQkbZM cht@Qly ls tSo fofo/krk iznw"k.k

iznw"k.k dkj.k

1- jlk;uksa dk c<+rk iz;ksxA

2- l?ku [ksrh] d`f"k jklk;fud [kkn] dhVuk'kdksa] [kjirokj uk'kdksa dk mi;ksxA

3- o`gn~ [kuuA

4- ouksa dh va/kk/kaaq/k dVkbZA

5- vkS|ksfxd iznw"k.kA

6- IykfLVd vif'k"VA

7- vkWVkseksckby okguksa ls iznw"k.kA

5-3-6 dpjk izcU/ku

1- ?kjksa] fo|ky;ksa] nqdkuksa] dkj[kkuksa] m|ksxksa] eYVhIysDl ,oa ekWy ls dpjk fudyrk gSA dwMs+ dh ek=k fnu ij fnu c<+rh gh tk jgh gSA

2- xyr LFkkuksa ij ;k xyr rjhds ls Qsads x;s dpjs ls izkd`frd L=ksrksa tSls ok;q] ty vkSj e`nk dks cqjh rjg ls izHkkfor djrk gSA

3- lM+rk gqvk dpjk chekjh QSykus okys thok.kq vkSj okgdksa tSls ePNj] efD[k;ksa dks tUe nsrk gS] tks jksx QSykrs gSaA

[ 38 ]

4- dpjs dh leL;k ls fuiVus ds fy;s loZizFke L=ksr ij gh dwMs+ dks de djus] bldh mRifÙk] mlds izca/ku ls lacaf/kr ,d u;h lksp vkSj i;kZoj.k vknrksa dks viukukA

5- fo|ky; ls fudyus okys dpjs dh ek=k o izd`fr ¼tSo vi?kVuh; ,oa vi?kfVr u gksus okys dpjs½ ds ckjs esa irk yxkosaA

6- mu LFkkuksa dks fpfUgr djuk tgk¡ ls lokZf/kd ek=k esa dpjk fudyrk gSA

7- mfpr LFkkuksa ij fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds dpjksa ds fy, dwMs+nku dh O;oLFkk djukA

8- dpjs dk iqu% mi;ksx djukA tSls & dkMZ cksMZ ds [kkyh fMCcksa dk mi;ksx] fpfM+;k ds ?kksalyksa ,oa dwMs+nkuksa dks cukus esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA

9- xhys dpjs tSls cpk gqvk Hkkstu] Qy ,oa lCth ds fNyds ,oa lw[kh ifÙk;ksa ds fy, ,d xM~<+k rS;kj djsa vkSj fQj [kkn ;k dEiksLV cuk ldrs gSaA

10- IykfLVd ds FkSyksa vkSj IykfLVd fMLikstscy oLrqvksa ds iz;ksx ij izfrcU/k yxkus ds fy;s igys vius ÅtkZ okfguh ny vkSj fQj fo|ky; Lrj ij vfHk;ku pyk;saA

11- diMs+ ds FkSyksa] iqu% iz;ksx gksus okys 'kh'ks ds Xyklksa] cksryksa tSls fodYiksa ds mi;ksx dks izksRlkgu nsaA

12- fo|ky; ls fudyus okys dpjs ¼IykfLVd] dkxt½ dks u tyk;saA

13- bLrseky dh gqbZ cSVfj;k¡] jlk;u] isUV] lh-,Q-,y- cYcksa dks lko/kkuh iwoZd mfpr LFkku ij fuLrkfjr fd;k tk,A

14- viuh ikB~;iqLrd dks vPNh fLFkfr esa j[ksa vkSj ckn esa bUgsa vU; Nk=ksa dks nsaA

15- dkxt ds nksuksa rjQ dk fgLlk iz;ksx esa yk;saA

16- iqjkuh dkWfi;ksa ds cps gq, [kkyh iUuksa dks jQ dk;Z@dPpk djus esa mi;ksx esa yk;saA

5-4 ÅtkZ okfguh rFkk lkaLd`frd /kjksgj1- R;kSagkjksa dks i;kZoj.k vuqdwy izdkj ls eukukA

2- fu/kZu@xjhcksa lax viuk tUe fnol eukukA

3- fof'k"V voljksa ¼tSls & tUe fnol] ekrk&firk dh fookg o"kZxkaB bR;kfn½ ij ikS/kkjksi.k djukA

4- ekSleh lkefxz;ksa dk mi;ksx djds ikajifjd O;atuksa dks cukukA

5- fo|ky; esa ikajifjd [kk| fnol dk vk;kstu djukA

6- vius cqtqxksZa ls ckrphr djds izd`fr ls lacaf/kr yksd dFkkvksa] xhrksa] dforkvksa vkSj dgkorksa dk laxzg ,oa izlkj djukA

5-5 ÅtkZ okfguh rFkk o`{kkjksi.k1- vius fo|ky;@?kj ds vkl&ikl [kkyh iMs+ LFkkuksa ij o`{kkjksi.k djsaA

2- ikS/kksa dh ,slh iztkfr;ksa dk p;u djsa tks fd ml {ks= esa vPNh rjg mx ldsA

3- ikS/kjksi.k ds fy;s [kqyk LFkku u gks rks oSdfYid O;oLFkk ¼tSls & xeys] iqjkus crZu bR;kfn½

[ 39 ]

dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

4- fo|ky; ds vkl&ikl gfjr pkjnhokjh ds fy;s dSDVl dh LFkkuh; iztkfr] esagnh ,oa ,sls ikS/kksa dk ?ksjk cuk,sa tks fd tkuojksa }kjk [kkbZ ugha tkrh gSA

5- vius vkl&ikl ik;s tkus okys fofHkUu izdkj ds isM+&ikS/kksa dh ,d lwph cuk,aA muds uke] mi;ksx] Qwyksa ds f[kyus dk ekSle rFkk vkl&ikl ik;s tkus okys thoksa] dhVks ,oa if{k;ksa ds ckjs esa Hkh irk yxk;saA

6- LFkkuh; oS| ;k cqtqxksZa ls vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa dh tkudkjh izkIr djsaA

i;kZoj.k fe= iz’u eap

d`i;k bu iz’uksa dks i<+s rFkk buds fodYiksa ds lkeus vafdr vadksa ds vk/kkj ij dqy vad dh x.kuk djsaA

vki fdrus i;kZoj.k fe= gS\

Øekad iz'u vad

1- vki fo|ky; dSls vkrs gSa\

¼v½ iSny pydj@lkbZfdy }kjk 3

¼c½ nqifg;k@pkj ifg;k okgu }kjk ¼Lo;a dk½ 1

¼l½ cl }kjk@cky okfguh }kjk 2

2- tc vki fdlh d{k dks NksM+rs gSa rks vki fLop vkWQ djrs gS&

¼v½ ges'kk 2

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

3- tc vki nk¡r lkQ djrs gSa ml nkSjku uy can jgrk gS&

¼v½ ges'kk 2

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

4- D;k vki jsfÝftjsVj esa xeZ [kkuk@oLrq j[krs gSa&

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

[ 40 ]

5- tc vki vius gkFk ikuh ls /kksrs gSa rks uy /;ku ls dl dj cUn djrs gSa&

¼v½ ges'kk 2

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

6- D;k vki vius bZ&esy dk Vªs'k fu;fer :i ls fMfyV djrs gSa rFkk vU; esy Hkh vko';drk u gkssus ij fMfyV djrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 2

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

7- D;k vkidh fuR; izfr vknrksa esa ̂,l-vks-,l-* ¼fLop vkWQ lefFkax½ gS\

¼v½ ges'kk 2

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

8- ;fn vkids ifjokj esa d`f"k dh tkrh gS rks D;k d`f"k esa tSfod [kkn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\

¼v½ ges'kk 5

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 2

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

9- D;k vki ?kj esa bysDVªksfud midj.kksa ¼tSls Vh-oh-] dEI;wVj bR;kfn½ dks iz;ksx esa u vkus ds ckn Hkh vkWu voLFkk esa j[krs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

10- vkids ?kj ij esgekuksa dks vkfrF; ds le; ikuh] vko';drk u gksus ij Hkh fxykl esa Hkjdj fd;k tkrk gS\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

11- D;k vkids ifjokj esa lHkh lnL; Hkkstu ,d lkFk djrs gSa\ vU;Fkk ckj&ckj xSl@ekbØksoso dk iz;ksx djrs gS\

¼v½ ges'kk 3

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

[ 41 ]

12- D;k vki vius nksifg;k@pkj ifg;k okgu dks lokjh {kerk ls de {kerk ij izpkfyr djrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 3

13- D;k vki ;k vkids ifjokj }kjk R;kSagkj@mRlo eukus ds fy, ykmMLihdj@Mhts dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 3

14- D;k vki cktkj esa oLrq@lkeku Ø; djrs le; vius lkFk diMs+ dk FkSyk ysdj tkrs gSa\ ¼v½ ges'kk 2

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

15- D;k vki ikWfyFkhu dh FkSfy;ksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 3

16- D;k vki fookg ,oa vU; lkekftd Hkkst ds le; vR;f/kd ek=k esa Hkkstu lkexzh >wBu ds :i esa Qsadrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 3

17- D;k vki tynk; foHkkx }kjk iznÙk ikuh dk iz;ksx ihus ds LFkku ij vuko';d :i ls /kksus ¼diMs+ o ?kj½ ds :i esa dke ysrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 3

18- D;k vki o"kkZ ty laj{k.k djrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 5

¼c½ dHkh ugha 0

19- vki fo|kFkhZ gS rFkk vki lHkh tc d{kk NksM+rs gSa rc d{kk esa ia[ks@cYc can dj nsrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 3

[ 42 ]

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

20- D;k vki ,y-bZ-Mh@lh-,Q-,y- dk iz;ksx djrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 3

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

21- D;k vki [kqys esa 'kkSp tkrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

22- D;k vki vius ?kj dk dwM+k] ?kj ds ckgj lM+d ij gh Qsad nsrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

23- D;k vki iqjkus eksckby] iqjkus bysDVªksfud midj.k dks ,sls gh Qsad nsrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

24- D;k vki fo|qr@bysDVªksfud midj.k Ø; djrs le; ̂ÅtkZ dq'ky midj.k* Ø; djrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 2

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

25- D;k vkids ?kj@fo|ky; esa iqjkus izdkj ds vkdZ cYcksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

26- D;k vkids ?kj diMs+ /kksus dh e'khu dks fu/kkZfjr yksM ls de yksM ij pykrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

27- D;k vkids ?kj esa diMs+ lq[kkus ds fy, fctyh dh e'khu dk iz;ksx djrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

[ 43 ]

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

28- D;k vkids ?kj@fo|ky; esa Vidus okys uy dh ejEer rqajr djrs gSa\

¼v½ gk¡ 2

¼c½ ugha 0

29- D;k vkids ?kj esa Vh-oh-] ekbØksoso] dEI;wVj bR;kfn esa tc budk mi;ksx u fd;k tk jgk gks rc buesa dksbZ NksVh lh jks'kuh fn[kkbZ nsrh gS ¼LVs.M ckW; ÅtkZ½\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

30- D;k vkidks tkudkjh gS fd vkids ?kj esa ÅtkZ fuEu enksa esa [kpZ gks jgh gS&

¼1½ fo|qr ¼2½ ,y-ih-th- ¼3½ vkWVks eksckby bZa/ku

¼v½ gk¡ 1

¼c½ ugha 0

31- D;k vki fo|qr@bysDVªksfud midj.kksa esa rhu ̂vkj* dh tkudkjh j[krs gSa\

¼1½ fjM~;wl ¼[kir de½ ¼2½ fjIysl ¼cnyuk½ ¼3½ fjlkbZdy ¼iqu%pØ.k½

¼v½ gk¡ 1

¼c½ ugha 0

32- D;k vkids ?kj esa iz;qDr nksifg;k@pkj ifg;k okgu esa vuqj{k.k] j[kj[kko] rsy fQYVj bR;kfn cnyuk fu;fer@fu/kkZfjr :i ls gksrk gS\

¼v½ ges'kk 3

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

33- D;k vkids ;k vkids ifjokj esa vkWVkseksckby okgu vfHkdfYir pky ls T;knk pky ij izpkfyr gksrk gS\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

34- vki vius ?kj dks xehZ vkSj /kwi ls cpkus ds fy;s ,-lh- dk iz;ksx djuk Bhd le>rs gSa ;k isM+&ikS/ks yxkuk\

¼v½ ,-lh- dk iz;ksx 0

¼c½ isM+&ikS/ks yxkuk 5

35- D;k vkids ?kj esa fÝt ds FkeksZLVsV dks ekSle ds vuqlkj lsV djrs gSa rFkk fÝt ds njokts dh

[ 44 ]

lhy le;&le; ij tk¡prs jgrs gSa\

¼v½ ges'kk 2

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 0

36- D;k vkids ?kj@fo|ky; esa lkSj ÅtkZ vk/kkfjr ¼uohuhdj.k ÅtkZ½ midj.k iz;qDr gksrs gSa\

¼v½ ugha 0

¼c½ gk¡ 3

37- D;k vki nar eatu djrs le; eXxs esa ikuh Hkjdj fQj eatu@'kso djrs gSa\

¼v½ gk¡ 1

¼c½ ugha 0

38- vkids ?kj esa Q'kZ dh /kqykbZ ckYVh ls ikuh Mkydj djrs gSa ;k ikbZi yxkdj\

¼v½ ckYVh 1

¼c½ ikbZi 0

39- D;k vki Luku djrs le; ckYVh dk iz;ksx djrs gSa ;k QOokjsa dk\

¼v½ ckYVh 1

¼c½ QOokjs 0

40- vkids ?kj esa diMs+ dh /kqykbZ djrs le; ckYVh ikuh ls Hkjdj djrs gSa ;k uy yxkrkj pyrk jgrk gS\

¼v½ Hkjuk 1

¼c½ yxkrkj pyuk 0

41- vkids ?kj esa ikS/ks yxs xeyksa esa ikuh ex ls Hkjdj nsrs gSa ;k ikbZi ls\

¼v½ ex 1

¼c½ ikbi 0

42- D;k vius ?kj@fo|ky; esa V~;wc ykbZV rFkk cYcksa ij teha /kwy dks fu;fer :i ls lkQ djrs gSa\

¼v½ gk¡ 1

¼c½ ugha 0

43- D;k vkids ?kj@fo|ky; esa lw;Z ds izdk'k dh i;kZIr O;oLFkk gksus ij Hkh cYc@V~;wc ykbZV dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS\

¼v½ ges'kk 0

¼c½ dHkh&dHkh 1

¼l½ dHkh ugha 2

44- D;k vkids d{kk@dk;Z LFky ij dejs esa xgjk jax djk gqvk gS\ xgjk jax gksus ij ijkofrZr

[ 45 ]

izdk'k de gksrk gS\

¼v½ gk¡ 0

¼c½ ugha 2

45- D;k vkidks irk gS fd 'kwU; okWV dk cYc Hkh izfr ?kaVk 12 ls 15 okWV fctyh ysrk gS\

¼v½ gk¡ 1

¼c½ ugha 0

bu iz’uksa ds mÙkjksa ds vk/kkj ij ;fn vkids vad

1- 75 ;k blls Åij gS rks vki Js"B i;kZoj.k] ÅtkZ ,oa ty fe= ukxfjd@fo|kFkhZ gSaA

2- 50 ls 74 ds e/; gS rks vki i;kZoj.k] ÅtkZ ,oa ty fe= ukxfjd@fo|kFkhZ gSaA

3- 55 ls 49 ds e/; gS rks lkekU; i;kZoj.k] ÅtkZ ,oa ty fe= ukxfjd@fo|kFkhZ gSaA

4- 35 ls de vad gksus ij vki lrdZ jgsa D;ksafd vki i;kZoj.k] ÅtkZ ,oa ty dk nksgu cqf)eÙkkiw.kZ ugha dj jgsa] d`i;k viuh vknrsa cnysa ,os Js"B lekt] jk"Vª fuekZ.k esa viuk ;ksxnku nsosaA

[ 46 ]

ÅtkZ okfgu

h i=d&1

fo|ky

; d

k uke@?kj d

k irk %

ÅtkZ okfguh ny

ds l

nL;ksa d

s uke %

dk;Zokgh frfFk %

mid

j.k la[;

k mid

j.k fo|

ky;@

?kj esa izfrfnu izfro"kZ m

iHkksx

lel

kef;d fo|

qr

dk uke

ds okWV

mi;

ksx d

s ?kaVs ¼;wfuV½

njksa ij [kpkZ

¼v½

¼c½ ¼v

½x¼c½x30x12

cYc

iaa[ks

V~;wc y

kbZV

MstVZ d

wyj

okWVj dwyj

,-lh-

fÝt

okf'kax e'khu

vU;

[ 47 ]

ÅtkZ okfgu

h i=d 2

fo|ky

; d

k uke@?kj d

k irk%

ÅtkZ okfgu

h ny d

s lnL;

ksa ds uke%

mid

j.k la[;

k iqjkus m

idj.k

u;s Å

tkZ n{k

okWV esa deh izfrfnu d

s ?kaVs izfro"kZ cp

r ;wfuV

cpr :

dk uke

ds okWV

mid

j.k ds okWV

¼v½

miHkksx

¼c½ ¼v

½x¼c½x30x12 esa ;

wfuV

cYc

ia[ks

V~;wc y

kbZV

MstVZ d

wyj

okWVj dwyj

,-lh-

fÝt

okf'kax e'khu

vU;

[ 48 ]

ÅtkZ okfgu

h i=d 3

fo|ky

; d

k uke@?kj d

k irk%

ÅtkZ okfgu

h ny d

s lnL;

ksa ds u

ke%

fopkj.kh;

o"kZ ¼tSls t

uojh 2017 ls fnl

Ecj 2017½

ekg

fo|qr m

iHkksx ;wfuV

[kpkZ

tuojh

Qjojh

ekpZ

vizSy

ebZ

twu

tqykbZ

vxLr

flrEcj

vDVwcj

uoEcj

fnlEcj

okf"kZd v

kSlr

mijksDr rkfy

dk esa l

okZf/kd m

i;ksx d

s ekg tks fd

okf"kZd v

kSlr l

s T;knk gS% ------------

bu ekgksa esa miHkksx

ds v

kSlr l

s T;knk gksus d

s dkj.kksa d

k irk dj m

uesa dqN cp

r dh l

aHkkouk gks rks mldh ;

kstuk cukukA

[ 49 ]

ÅtkZ okfguh i=d&4

fo|ky; dk uke@?kj dk irk%

ÅtkZ okfguh ny ds lnL;ksa ds uke %

ÅtkZ [kir de djus ds mik;

izkd`frd jks'kuh dk mi;ksx

ijaijkxr cYc ds LFkku ij ,y-bZ-Mh@lh-,Q-,y- dk mi;ksx

lkSj midj.k viukuk

Nk=ksa dk ?kj ls fo|ky; vkuk tkuk

vius fo|ky;@?kj esa i;kZoj.k vuqdwy Hkou fuekZ.k lkefxz;ksa rFkk rduhdksa ¼tSls&nhokjksa ij feV~Vh dk ysi] ckal dk mi;ksx] twV vkSj ikWe dh ifÙk;k¡ bR;kfn½

Øekad

1

2

3

4

5

fØ;k

,sls {ks=ksa dks fpfUgr djds izdk'k midj.kksa vkSj ia[kkssa ds vuko';d mi;ksx dks jksdus ds fy, lans'k fy[ks gq, iksLVj ;k fLVdj yxkukA

ijiajkxr cYcksa ds LFkku ij ,y-bZ-Mh-@lh-,Q-,y- dh la[;k dk irk yxkuk

vius fo|ky;@?kj dh Nr dk {ks=Qy rFkk okf"kZd vkSlr fo|qr mi;ksx dh x.kuk djds] lkSj midj.k dh laHkkouk dk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

tu&;krk;kr ds lk/kuksa dks O;fDrxr lk/ku ij ojh;rk nsus ds fy, izksRlkgu nsuk] lkbZfdy dk mi;ksx ,oa iSny pyus ds fy;s iszfjr djuk

;fn vkidk ?kj@fo|ky; dqN ,slh i;kZoj.k vuqdwy oLrqvksa ls cuk gS rks Hkou ds bl fuekZ.k dks iznf'kZr djrk gqvk iksLVj yxkosaA

[ 50 ]

v/;k; & 6

izo`fÙk lewg ¼v½

dfri; fuekZ.k fof/k;k¡

6-1 fuEufyf[kr oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k d{kkUrxZr vf/kxe dk;Z vFkok f’kfoj esa Hkh djk;s tkus okys dfri; fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dh fof/k;ksa dk tc rd iw.kZ Kku ugha gksxk] rc rd Nk=ksa dks visf{kr ykHk ugha gks ldsxk vkSj u muesa mRlkg gh mRiUu gks ldsxkA f’k{kd Hkh iwjs vkRe fo’okl ls d{kk dk;Z ugha dj ik;saxsA bl egRoiw.kZ fcUnq dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, dfri; fuekZ.k fof/k;k¡ ;gk¡ izLrqr dh tkrh gSa] ftuds iz;ksx ls vusd vko’;d oLrqvksa ls Nk= lgt :i ls fuekZ.k dj ldsaxsA

1- lkcqu cukuklkcqu ds eq[;r% nks izdkj gksrs gSa&

(i) diM+k /kksus dk lkcqu

(ii) ugkus dk lkcqu

blds vU; izdkj gSa& rjy lkcqu] ’kSEiw] vkS"k/k ;qDr lkcqu] cky lQk ;k ykseuk’kd lkcqu] ikjn’khZ lkcqu] lkcqu dk pw.kZ] lkcqu dk ikmMj] izlk/ku lkcqu vkfnA

lkcqu cukus ds dke esa vkus okys inkFkZ fuEufyf[kr gksrs gSa&

(i) {kkj

(ii) olh; inkFkZ

(iii) HkrhZ ds inkFkZ

{kkj & diM+k /kksus ds lkcqu ds fuekZ.k esa {kkj ds :i esa dkfLVd lksMk ¼lksfM;e gkbMªksDlkbM½ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] rFkk ugkus ds lkcqu esa dkfLVd iksVk’k ¼iksVSf’k;e gkbMªksDlkbM½ dke esa vkrk gSA

dkfLVd lksMk dks ikuh esa ?kksyus ls ?kksy curk gS] mls lksMk dkfLVd dh ykbZ ;k dsoy ̂ykbZ* dgrs gSA lksMk dkfLVd dh ykbZ fMxzh ;k ’kfDr ns[kus ds fy, O;we dk gkbMªksehVj ¼izpfyr uke ckWeh gkbMªksehVj½ dke esa vkrk gSA ’kq) ty esa ;g gkbMªksehVj ftl fpUg rd Mwcrk gS] mls ’kwU; fMxzh dgrs gSa] ykbZ ds 35 izfr’kr tyh; ?kksy esa og ftl fpUg rd Mwcrk gS] og fpUg 35 fMxzh dk gksrk gS vkSj ge dgrs gSa og ykbZ 35 ckeh fMxzh ’kfDr okyh gksrh gSA ;fn lksMk dkfLVd dh ykbZ vko’;drk ls vf/kd fMxzh dh cu x;h gks] rks mlesa vko’;drkuqlkj ikuh feykdj ;g fMxzh de dh tk ldrh gSA ;fn blds foijhr ykbZ de fMxzh dh cuh gks] rks mlesa vko’;drkuqlkj lksMk dkfLVd ?kksy dj og vf/kd fMxzh okyh cukbZ tk ldrh gSA ;g fMxzh ykbZ ds B.Mk gksus ds ckn

[ 51 ]

ns[kuh pkfg,A ykbZ dk B.Mk gksus esa 24 ?k.Vs rd yx ldrs gSaA

olh; inkFkZ % & ;s dkcZu] gkbMªkstu vkSj vkWDlhtu ds ;kSfxd lkcqu cukrs gSaA lkcqu cukus esa lk/kkj.kr;k egqvk] uhe] ukfj;y] ike] vylh vkfn dk rsy dke esa vkrk gSA lkcqu cukus esa fcjkstk dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gSA ;g u rks rsy gS vkSj u pchZ] ijUrq ;g ,d fo’kq) QSVh ,sflM gksus ds dkj.k bls lkcqu ds :i esa ifjofrZr fd;k tk ldrk gS] blesa lkcqu ck¡/kus dk fof’k"V xq.k gS] bls lkcqu feJ.k esa mfpr vuqikr esa feykus ij lkcqu dh lQkbZ djus rFkk eSy dkVus vkSj >kx nsus dh ’kfDr c<+ tkrh gSA lkcqu cukus ds dke esa vkus okys rsyksa dh futh xU/k nc tkrh gSA ;g lkcqu dks lM+us ls Hkh cpkrk gSA

HkrhZ ds inkFkZ %& lkcqu dk Hkkj vkSj vk;ru c<+kdj ykxr ewY; dks de djus ds fy, tks inkFkZ feyk, tkrs gSa] mUgsa HkrhZ inkFkZ dgrs gSaA eq[; :i ls lksfM;e flfydsV] lksiLVksu] ued] lksMk,s’k ¼lksfM;e dkcksZusV½ vkfn inkFkksZa dks bl dke esa yk;k tkrk gSA

lko/kkfu;k¡ %& (i) dkfLVd lksMk vkSj dkfLVd iksVk’k vknzZrkxzkgh gksus ds dkj.k ;s ok;q ls ueh lks[kdj mlesa ?kqy tkrs gSa] vr% [kqyk u NksM+uk pkfg,A

(ii) dkfLVd lksMk vkSj dkfLVd iksVk’k la{kkjd vkSj nkgd inkFkZ gSa] vr% bUgsa u rks gkFk ls Nwuk pkfg, vkSj u gh diM+ksa ij gh fxjus nsuk pkfg,] D;ksafd ;s diM+ksa dks Hkh tyk nsrs gSaA ;fn ’kjhj ds fdlh vax ij ;s ;k blds ?kksy fxj tk;s rks ’kh?kz ikuh ls /kksdj rsy yxk ysuk pkfg,A

(iii) lkcqu cukus esa ,Y;qfefu;e dk crZu dke esa ugh ykuk pkfg,] D;ksafd dkfLVd lksMk vkSj dkfLVd iksVk’k ml ij fØ;k djrs gSaA LVsuySl LVhy ds crZuksa dk iz;ksx loksZÙke gSA

(iv) lkcqu ds fuekZ.k esa [kkjk ikuh ;k dBksj ty dke esa ugh ysuk pkfg,A

(v) lkcqu dks ,d gh fn’kk esa vPNh rjg ?kksVuk pkfg;sA

(vi) lkcqu ds lkFk jax ogh feyk;s tk;sa] tks Ropk dks uqdlku u igq¡pk;s vkSj diM+ksa ij jax u NksM+sA

(vii) lkcqu fuekZ.k esa iz;qDr inkFkksZa dh rksy lgh gksuh pkfg, vkSj ^ykbZ* dh ckeh fMxzh Hkh lgh gksuh vko’;d gSA HkrhZ dk inkFkZ vf/kd ugha feykuk pkfg,A

lkcqu cukus dh fof/k;k¡ &

lkcqu cukus dh rhu fof/k;k¡ gSa&

(i) B.Mh fof/k

(ii) v)Z mcky fof/k

(iii) iw.kZ mcky fof/k

(i) B.Mh fof/k ls lkcqu cukuk %&

bl fof/k ls lkcqu cukus ds fy;s de ls de 35 fMxzh ckeh dh ykbZ dke esa ykuh pkfg, vkSj ;g ykbZ lkcqu cukus ds ,d fnu igys rS;kj dj ysuh pkfg,] rkfd nwljs fnu rd ;g B.Mh gks tk;A

ftu rsyksa ds feJ.k ls B.Mh fof/k ls lkcqu cukuk gks mUgsa fdlh ̂dMkg* ;k crZu esa Mkydj

[ 52 ]

vkil esa vPNh rjg feyk ysuk pkfg;sA ;fn buesa dksbZ rsy tek gks rks mls /kheh vk¡p ij fi?kyk ysrs gSaA tc rsy vkil esa vPNh rjg fey pqdrs gSa rks] vxj t:jr gks rks blesa ̂lksiLVksu* ikmMj Hkh feykoV djds vPNh rjg ?kksV fy;k tkrk gS] blds ckn lksMkdkfLVd ykbZ dks /kkj ck¡/kdj Mkyrs gq, rsyksa ds feJ.k dks pykrs tkrs gSaA tc ;g feJ.k ?kksVrs&?kksVrs ,d tku rFkk vPNk xk<+k gks lqdrk gS rks bls lkcqu cukus ds Ýse esa Hkj nsrs gSa vkSj Hkjs feJ.k esa jklk;fud&izfØ;k ds QyLo:i tks xehZ mRiUu gks og ckgj u fudys rFkk lkcqu Bhd izdkj te tk;A yxHkx nwljs fnu rd Ýse esa Hkjk lkcqu te tkrk gS] rc Ýse dks [kksydj rS;kj lkcqu ckgj fudky fn;k tkrk gS vkSj fQj ̂Lysc dVj* dh lgk;rk ls bldh flYyh esa ls yEcs M.Ms ls dkV fy;s tkrs gSa vkSj fQj ̂lksi dfVax e’khu* dh lgk;rk ls bu M.Mksa esa ls vko’;drkuqlkj lkbt dh fVfd;k¡ dkV ysrs gSa] bu fVfd;ksa dks ,d&,d djds MkbZ esa Mkyrs gSa vkSj Åij okys iYyM+ dks blds Åij j[kdj gFkkSMs+ vkfn ls gYdh pksV nsrs gSa ftlds QyLo:i ̂MkbZ ds iYyM+ esa mHkjk ;k [kqnk gqvk uke ;k VsªMekdZ lkcqu dh fVDdh ij Ni tkrk gSA fQj rS;kj eky isfV;ksa ;ks cksfj;ksa esa iSd djds ckgj Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA

uksV %& ¼1½ B.Mh fof/k ls cuk;s tkus okys lkcqu esa lksMk flfydsV dh Hkh feykoV djuh gks rks bls ^lksMk dkfLVd ykbZ* esa gh ?kksydj iz;ksx esa yk ldrs gSa] bl fof/k ls lkcqu rS;kj djus ds dqN pqus gq, QkewZys vkxs fn;s x;s gSaA

¼2½ B.Mh fof/k ls lkcqu cukrs le; ,d ckr ;g Hkh /;ku j[kus dh gS fd dbZ rsy ,sls gksrs gSa fd tks ykbZ ds lEidZ esa vkus ij cgqr tYnh lkcqu ds :Ik esa ifjofrZr gksus yxrs gSa] vr% ,sls rsyksa ;k muds feJ.kksa ls lkcqu rS;kj djrs le; lkjh ykbZ dks rsyksa ds feJ.k esa ,d gh ckj esa Mkydj tYnh gh ?kksy nsuk pkfg, vkSj feJ.k ,d tku gks tkus ij bl lkcqu&feJ.k dks ’kh?kz gh Ýse esa Hkj nsuk pkfg,A

e/;e ntZs dk okf’kad lksi ¼B.Mh fof/k ls½

ukfj;y dk rsy & 50 xzke

egq, dk rsy & 150 xzke

fry dk rsy & 40 xzke

vj.Mh dk rsy & 20 xzke

XywVu ikmMj & 40 xzke

lksi LVksu ikmMj & 40 xzke

lk¡Hkj ued ¼filk gqvk½ & 20 xzke

ikuh ¼ued ?kksyus ds fy,½ & 100 xzke

lksMk dkfLVd ykbZ 36 fMxzh ckeh dh & 130 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k % & lkcqu cukuss ls ,d fnu igys lksMk dkfLVd dh ykbZ rS;kj dj ysa ¼lk/kkj.k% 1 fdyks iiM+h okyk dkfLVd lksMk 3 fdyks 200 xzke ikuh esa ?kksyus ls ;g 36 fMxzh ck;h dh ykbZ rS;kj gks tkrh gS ijUrq bldh Bhd&Bhd fMxzh ns[kus ds fy, ̂gkbMªksehVj* dks dke esa ykuk pkfg;sA½ nwljs fnu lkcqu cukus ds dMkgs ;k crZu esa lkjs rsy ,d txg feyk ysaA ;fn buesa ls dksbZ rsy tek gqvk gks rks mls /kheh vk¡p ij fi?kykysaA tc lkjs rsy vkil esa vPNh rjg fey tk;sa rks buds feJ.k esa lksiLVksu ikmMj rFkk XywVu ikmMj Mkydj eLln ls vPNh rjg ?kksVsA bl ued dks lksMk

[ 53 ]

dkfLVd dh ykbZ esa feykdj Nku ysa vkSj fQj bl ?kksy dks rsyksa o lksiLVksu ikmMj vkfn ds feJ.k esa Mkydj rFkk eLln vkfn ls ?kksVdj ,d tku dj ysaA fQj bl feJ.k dks Mksgjs dh lgk;rk ls fudkydj Ýse esa Hkj nsa vkSj Åij ls cksjh ;k dEcy dk VqdM+k <+d nsa] rkfd Ýse esa lkcqu ters le; jklk;fud izfØ;k ds QyLo:i tks xehZ mRiUu gks] og ckgj u fudysA yxHkx 24 ?k.Vs esa ;g lkcqu te tk;sxk] rc Ýse [kksydj bls ckgj fudky ysa vkSj rkj o fVfd;k¡ dkVus dh e’khu dh lgk;rk ls blesa ls vko’;drkuqlkj lkbt dh fVfd;k¡ dkV ysaA

B.Mh fof/k dh vis{kk v)Z mcky fof/k ;k iw.kZ mcky fof/k gh vPNh gksrh gS] D;ksafd buls vf/kd fVdkÅ vkSj cf<+;k lkcqu curs gSaA buesa lkcquhdj.k dh fØ;k Hkh iw.kZr% gks tkus dh lEHkkouk jgrh gSA ;gk¡ ;g /;ku j[kuk gksxk fd v)Z mcky fof/k ls lkcqu ds fuekZ.k esa xUns rsy dke esa ugha vk ldrs vkSj u lkcquhdj.k ds i’pkr~ fXyljhu gh izkIr dj ldrs gSA ;s nksuksa ykHk iw.kZ mcky fof/k ls vo’; miyC/k gksrs gSaA

(ii) v)Z mcky fof/k ls lkcqu cukuk %&

bl fof/k esa Hkh lkcqu cukus ls ,d fnu igys ykbZ rS;kj dj ysuk pkfg,] rkfd lkcqu cukus ds le; rd og B.Mh gks tk,A bl fof/k ls lkcqu cukus dk fl)kUr ;g gS & rsy ;k rsyksa ds feJ.k dks lkcqu cukus ds crZu ;k dMkg esa Mkydj yxHkx 80 fMxzh lsUVhxzsM rd xje djsaA ;fn rS;kj gksus okys lkcqu esa lksiLVksu ikmMj ;k eSnk vkfn dh feykoV djuh gks rks bls Hkh rsy feJ.k esa Mkydj ?kksV ysa] rkfd bldh dksbZ xqByh ;k jksMh vkfn cxSj ?kqyh u jgs vkSj ;g lkjs rsy feJ.k esa ,d leku ?kqy&fey tk;sA blds i’pkr~ igys ls rS;kj j[kh ykbZ dks ,d vU; crZu esa Mkydj FkksMk xje dj ysa vkSj fQj bl ykbZ dks rsyksa rFkk lksiLVksu vkfn ds mi;qZDr feJ.k esa ,dne Mky nsa vkSj FkksM+h nsj rd bl feJ.k dks cxSj fgyk;s pyk;sa yxHkx 15&20 feuV rd fLFkj iMk jgus nsa vkSj xje ds ckn blds Åij >kx vkus yxsaxs] rc bls vkx ls uhps mrkjdj ,d vksj j[k NksM+sA yxHkx 15&20 feuV ckn blesa Lor% gh mQku mBuk ’kq: gksxk vkSj cqycqys mBus yxsaxs] bldh fpUrk u djsaA tc lkjs feJ.k esa vPNh rjg mQku vk pqds rFkk vkSj cqycqys mBus can gks tk, rks le> ysa fd lkcquhdj.k fØ;k yxHkx iwjh gks pqdh gS] rc bls vPNh rjg ?kksVdj ,d tku dj ysaA ;fn blesa lksMk flfydsV Hkh feykuk gks rks blh le; feykdj vPNh rjg ?kksV nsa vkSj tc ;g Hkh Hkyh&Hkk¡fr feyk;k tk pqds rks bl feJ.k dks Ýse esa Hkj nsaA yxHkx 24 ?k.Vs esa ;g lkcqu te tk;sxkA blds ckn tek gqvk lkcqu Ýse ls ckgj fudkydj ̂LySo&dVj* ls bl lkcqu dh flYyh esa ls yEcs&yEcs M.Ms dkV ysa vkSj fQj ^lksi dfVax e’khu* dh lgk;rk ls] bu M.Mksa esa ls vko’;drkuqlkj lkbt dh fVfd;k¡ dkV ysaA vxj bu ij uke ;k VsªMekdZ dh Nkiuk gks rks ̂lksi&LVkfEiax MkbZ* dh lgk;rk ls Nki ldrs gSa] bl dke ds fy;s ̂lksi&LVkfEiax e’khu* Hkh dke esa yk;h tk ldrh gSA

v)Z mcky fof/k ls lkcqu cukuk ukfj;y dk rsy & 200 xzke

egq, dk rsy & 3200 xzke

fcjkstk & 120 xzke

lksMk dkfLVd ykbZ 36 fMxzh ckeh dh & 2400 xzke

lksi LVksu ikmMj & 500 xzke

[ 54 ]

lksMk flfydsV & 200 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k % &

nksuksa rsy rFkk fcjksts dMkgh esa Mkydj vkx ij xje djsaA tc fcjkstk fi?kydj rsy esa fey tk;s rks lksi&LVksu Hkh blesa Mkydj vPNh rjg ?kksV nsa] fQj bl feJ.k dks yxHkx 90 fMxzh ls.VhxzsM rd xje djsaA tc ;g feJ.k bruk xje gks pqds rks dMkgh ds uhps ls vkx fudky nsa vkSj lksMk dkfLVd dh lkjh ykbZ bl feJ.k esa ,dne Mky nsa vkSj vPNh rjg ?kksVsaA tc ;g feJ.k ,d tku gks tk;s rks bls dqN nsj rd cxSj fgyk;s&pyk;s iM+k jgus nsaA dqN nsj fLFkj iM+k jgus ls blesa Lor% gh mQku lk vkuk ’kq: gksxk] tc ;g mQku mBuk cUn gks tk;s rks lksMk flfydsV dks Hkh feJ.k esa Mkydj vPNh rjg ?kksV nsaA blds ckn dMkgh ds uhps /kheh vkx iqu% tyk nsa vkSj blesa iMs feJ.k dks FkksM+h nsj idus nsa vkSj chp&chp esa pykrs jgsa rkfd ;g ryh esa yxdj teus us ik;sA yxHkx 15&20 feuV rd id pqdus ds ckn] Ýse ;k isVh esa teus ds fy;s Hkj nsa] yxHkx 36 ?k.Vs esa ;g lkcqu cu tk,xkA

(iii) iw.kZ mcky fof/k ls lkcqu cukuk %&

Åij crk;h x;h nksuksa fof/k;ksa ls tks lkcqu cuk;s tkrs gSa muesa rsyksa ds lkFk ykbZ feykus ij lkcquhdj.k fØ;k iwjh rjg lEiUu ugha gks ikrh] ftlds QyLo:i izFke nksuksa fof/k;ksa ls cuk;s x;s lkcquksa esa dqN ek=k ^LorU= {kkj* ;k LorU= esnkEyksa dh jg tkrh gS vkSj buds dkj.k ;s lkcqu fVdkÅ ugha gksrs gSaA cukus ds yxHkx 20&25 fnu ;k dqN nsj losj esa budk jax&:i fcxM+us lk yxrk gSA vr% vxj cf<+;k eky cukuk gks rks ges’kk iwoZ mcky fof/k ls gh lkcqu cukus pkfg;s] ftldk C;kSjk uhps fn;k tk jgk gSA

iw.kZ mcky fof/k ls lkcqu rS;kj djus ds fy, lkcqu ds dkj[kkus esa fo’ks"k izdkj dh HkÍh cuok ysuh pkfg,] ;s HkÍh ,slh gksuh pkfg, ftlls vkx dsoy dMkgh ds iSans ¼ryh½ okys Hkkx dks gh xje djs&vkx dh yiVsa b/kj&m/kj u fc[kjs vU;Fkk muds rki ds izHkko ls] dMkgh esa iMs+ feJ.k ds tys tkus dk vUns’kk jgrk gSA bl HkÍh ij lkcqu ds feJ.k dks idkrs le; vk¡p /kheh jguh pkfg,] rkfd dMkgh esa iMs+ feJ.k ds mQu dj ckgj fudyus dh vk’kadk de gks tk;sA rsyks ds ftl feJ.k ls lkcqu cukuk gksrk gS mls ,d fo’ks"k dM+kg ¼lksi ckW;fyax iSu½ esa Mkydj bls HkÍh ij j[kdj xje djrs gSaaA tc dM+kg esa iMs+ lkjs rsy vkil esa vPNh rjg ls feydj lk/kkj.k xje ¼xquxqus½ gks tkrs gSa rks buds feJ.k dks pykdj ,d tku dj fy;k tkrk gS vkSj fQj bl feJ.k dks cxSj fgyk;s&pyk;s bruh nsj rd xje gksus nsrs gSa] fd ;g vPNh rjg [kksyus yxs&bl le; Hkh vk¡p /kheh jguh pkfg, rkfd ;g feJ.k mQudj ckgj u fudyus ik;sA lk/kkj.kr% xje rsyksa esa ykbZ feykrs le; ,dne mQku lk vkrk gS] vr% ml le; fo’ks"k lko/kku jguk pkfg;s vkSj ;fn mQku dk osx vf/kd ekywe ns rks B.Ms ikuh ds NhaVs nsus ls og cSB tkrk gSA

mi;qDr izØe ds nkSjku ’kq:&’kq: esa de fMxzh dh ykbZ feyk;h tkrh gS vkSj feJ.k dks yxHkx 45 feuV rd idus fn;k tkrk gSA blds i’pkr~ blesa yxHkx 40 fMxzh ckeh dh ykbZ vko’;drkuqlkj ek=k esa feykdj bls iqu% mcyus nsrs gSaA tc ;g feJ.k HkyhHkk¡fr id pqdrk gS vkSj blesa lkcquhdj.k izfØ;k iwjh rjg lEiUu gks pqdrh gS rks bl feJ.k dks ued dh lgk;rk ls QkM+k tkrk gSA bls QkM+us ds fy, lw[kk ued ¼ihlk gqvk½ dke esa yk;k tkrk gS ;k bldh txg ued dk

[ 55 ]

?kksy Hkh dke esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA

uksV %& tc dM+kg esa iMs+ feJ.k esa ued ;k bldk ?kksy Mkyk tkrk gS rks bl feJ.k esa cqycqys ls mBus yxrs gSa vkSj mlesa mQku lk vkdj eky ckgj fudyus dk vUns’kk jgrk gSA vr% bl lEcU/k esa lko/kkuh ls dke ysaA

mijksDr feJ.k esa ued feykus ds dqN nsj ckn nkus&nkus ls cuus yxrs gSa vkSj ;g feJ.k QVus yxrk gS ¼QVs nq/k dh rjg½ dqN gh nsj esa ;g lEiw.kZ feJ.k Qvdj nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gks tkrk gS] buesa ls ,d Hkkx Bksl lkcqu gksrk gS tks fd Åij rSjus yxrk gS vkSj nwljk Hkkx ikuh] ued rFkk Qkyrw ykbZ dk ?kksy gksrk gS] tks lkcqu ds uhps jgrk gSA

2- ugkus dk lkcqu rsy ukfj;y ¼dksfpu DokfyVh½ & 450 xzke

ewaxQyh dk rsy ¼fjQkb.M½ & 400 xzke

vj.Mh dk rsy & 50 xzke

lksMk dkfLVd ykbZ 38 fMxzh ckeh & 450 xzke

yky lksi dyj ¼ikuh esa ?kqyu’khy½ & 1 xzke

ikuh ¼jax ?kksyus ds fy;s½ & 10 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k %

lkcqu cukus ls ,d fnu igys lksMk dkfLVd ykbZ rS;kj dj ysaA ,d vU; crZu esa jax dks ikuh esa ?kksydj fdlh lkQ rFkk ckjhd diMs+ esa Nku ysa rkfd mldh dksbZ jksM+h ;k QqVdh cxSj ?kqyh u jgsA vc rsyksa dks fdlh dM+kgh ;k vU; mi;qDr crZu esa Mkydj xeZ djsaA tc bu rsyksa ds feJ.k dk rkieku FkekZehVj ls ns[kus ij 90 fMxzh ls.VhxzsM rd gks tk; rks dM+kgh dks vkx ls uhps mrkj ysa vkSj ̂jax dk ?kksy o ykbZ dk feJ.k* blesa feykdj vPNh rjg ?kksVsa rFkk tc leLr feJ.k ’kgn ds leku xk<+k gks tk, rks ?kksVuk can djds yxHkx 15&20 feuV rd bls fcuk fgyk,s&pyk;s iM+k jgus nsa rkfd dqN B.Mk gks tk;sA blds ckn dkcksZfyd ,sflM Hkh bl feJ.k esa feykdj vPNh rjg pyk nsaA vc bls Ýse ;k isVh vkfn esa Hkjdj tek ysaA yxHkx 36 ?k.Vs esa ;g lkcqu te tk,xk] rc bls Ýse ls ckgj fudky dj ^lksi&dfVax e’khu* ;k rkj dh lgk;rk ls vko’;drkuqlkj lkbt dh fVfd;k¡ dkV ysaA bu fVfd;ksa dh Mkb o lksi&LVkfEiax e’khu dh lgk;rk ls lqUnj vkd`fr nh tk ldrh gS vkSj buds Åij viuh QeZ ds uke ;k lkcqu dh VªsMekdZ Nki yxk;h tkrh gSA fQj bu fVfd;ksa dks Nis gq, vkd"kZd jSijksa esa yisVdj cktkj esa fcdus ds fy;s Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA

3- fMVjtS.V ,sflM lsyjh & 175 xzke

;wfj;k & 30 xzke

lksfM;e dkcksZusV & 50 xzke

fylksiksy & 200 xzke

ikuh & 300 xzke

[ 56 ]

mijksZDr lkexzh dks Øekuqlkj feykdj ?kksy rS;kj dj ysa] [kq’kcw ds fy, blesa lSUV feyk ldrs gSA

4- crZu lkQ djus dk lkcqu ,oa ikmMj %&lkcqu

laxejej ds iRFkj dk pw.kZ & 4 fdyks

lksiLVksu & 1 fdyks

okf’kax lksMk ¼lksfM;e dkcksZusV & 1 fdyks

ehBk lksMk ¼lksfM;e ckb dkcksZusV½ & 1 fdyks

lQZ & 200 xzke

leqnzh >kx & 10 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k &

leqnzh >kx dks beke nLrs esa dwV&Nkudj mlesa mijksDr lHkh lkexzh dks feyk nsa rks foe Vkbi ikmMj rS;kj gSA

ikmMj

eSXuhf’k;e dkcksZusV ¼?kh;k iRFkj esMhdsVsM½ & 1 fdyks

LVkpZ ikmMj & 100 xzke

cksfjd vEy & 30 xzke

ftad vkWDlkbM & 20 xzke

lSUV & 5 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k &

mi;qZDr lkexzh dks vPNh rjg feyk ysa ikmMj rS;kj gSA

5- ’kSEiw

cky /kksus ds fy, eagxs lkcqu ;k ’kSEiw D;ksa ysaA [kqn gh ?kj ij f’kdkdkbZ ’kSEiw cuk yhft,A

lkexzh %& ,d fdyks f’kdkdkbZ dh Qyh] ,d fdyks vkaoyk lq[kk] ,d fdyks jhBk] lkS xzke diwj dkapyh] lkS xzke ukxj eksFkk] lkS xzke lw[kh esagnh dh ifÙk;k¡A

fof/k %& lHkh lkeku ysdj ,d lkFk feykdj ckjhd&ckjhd ihl ysaA vkidk ’kSEiw rS;kj gSA bls vius ckyksa ds vuqlkj ,d cM+k pEep Hkj mckfy,A blls ckyksa dks lkQ dfj,A bl rjg vkids cky u dsoy >M+us can gks tk,axs] cfYd lQsn ckyksa dks dkyk djus dh jkeck.k vkS"kf/k lkfcr gksxhA

6- ykseuk’kd lkcqu ewaxQyh dk rsy & 300 xzke

ukfj;y dk rsy & 600 xzke

[ 57 ]

lksiLVksu ¼cf<+;k DokfyVh½ & 200 xzke

ikmMj lksMk dkfLVd ykbZ

36 fMxzh ckeh & 450 xzke

csfj;e lYQkbM & 600 xzke

flVªksfuyk vkW;y & 30 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

lkcqu cukus ls ,d fnu igys lksMk dkfLVd ykbZ rS;kj dj ysaA ,d vU; crZu ;k dM+kgh esa rsyksa dks ,d txg feyk ysaA vxj ukfj;y dk rsy tek gqvk gks rks mls /kheh vk¡p ij fi?kykysA tc nksuksa rsy vkil esa vPNh rjg fey tk;sa rks lksiLVksu ikmMj Hkh blesa feyk ysa vkSj bl rjg ?kksVs] fd bldh dksbZ Mfy;k] QqVdh cxSj ?kqyh u jgus ik;sA lksiLVksu ikmMj feyk pqdus ds ckn blesa lksMk dkfLVd ykbZ ¼tks ,d fnu igys gh rS;kj djds vyx j[kh gqbZ gS½ feykdj vPNh rjg ?kksV ys] fQj csfj;e lYQkbM Hkh blh izdkj feyk;sa vkSj vUr esa lqxU/k feykdj Ýse ;k isVh esa tek ysaA te tkus ds ckn blesa ls vko’;drkuqlkj lkbt dh fVfd;k¡ dkV ysaA ykseuk’kd lkcqu rS;kj gSA

uksV %& bu lkcqu dh fVfd;ksa dks ̂,Y;qfefu;e QkW;y* esa yisVdj cspk tkrk gSA

7- usy ikWfy’k fFkuj & 25 fe-yh-

IykfLVd dk pwjk & 10 xzke

,flVksu & 10 xzke

,ek;y vEy] vkW;y dyj & 10 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k %& IykfLVd ds pwjs dks fFkuj esa fHkxks nsa fQj mls ?kksVsA ;fn xk<+k gks rks vkSj fFkuj feyk;sA blesa ,flVksu vEy rFkk ,ek;y vEy feyk nsaA fQj jax Mkydj ?kksVsA pedhyk cukus ds fy, iksjy isLV Mky nsaA

8- Øhe [kksijs dk rsy & 50 xzke

flUFksfVd jsftu ikmMj ;k lQsn jky & 5 xzke

fMfLVy okVj ¼vklqr ty½ & 200 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

[kksijs ds rsy esa jky feyk,aA rsy dks xeZ djsaA vklqr ty 50&50 xzke Mkyrs jgs o ?kksVrs jgs] Øhe rS;kj gSA

9- cwV ikfy’k gkb oSDl & 35 xzke

’kgn dk ekse & 8 xzke

[ 58 ]

dkMZuksek oSDl & 8 xzke

VjiSUVkby ¼rkjihu½ rsy & 125 xzke

jax rsy esa ?kqyu’khy bPNkuqlkj

dM+os cknke dk rsy & 10 cwan

fuekZ.k fof/k &

rhuksa ekse dks xeZ djds jax Mky nsaA fQj rkjihu rFkk cknke ds rsy Mkydj fMfCc;ksa esa Hkj ysaA Åij ftysVu isij yxk nsaA

10- rSy ;qDr Ropk ckyksa ds fy;s xq.kdkjh yks’ku ftu O;fDr;ksa ds psgjksa dh Ropk ij gj le; rsy&lk pqiM+k fn[kykbZ iM+rk gS vkSj ilhuk vf/kd vkrk gS] muds fy, bl yks’ku ds xq.kdkjh fl) gksus dh lEHkkouk gSA

fQVdjh ¼filh gqbZ½ & 40 xzke

esUFkkWy & 4 xzke

;qfMdksyu & 20 xzke

fMfLVYM okVj & 200 xzke

jkstij¶;we & 1 fe-yh-

fuekZ.k fof/k &

esUFkkWy dks ;wMhdksyu esa ?kksy ysa] ,d vU; cksry ;k crZu esa fQVdjh dks fMfLVYM okVj esa ?kksy ysa fQj bu nksuksa ?kksyksa dks ,d txg feykdj ^jkstij¶;we* lqxU/k feyk nsa vkSj vko’;drkuqlkj lkbt dh ’khf’k;ksa esa iSd dj ysaA

11- lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl cukuk izeq[k ouLifr rsy %&

lk/kkj.kr% lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl cukus ds fy;s uhps crk;s x;s ouLifr rsy eq[; :i dke esa ls yk;s tkrs gSA

¼1½ ukfj;y dk rsy

¼2½ eawxQyh dk rsy

¼3½ fry dk rsy

¼4½ vj.Mh dk rsy

buds vfrfjDr egaxs rFkk cf<+;k DokfyVh ds rsyksa esa dHkh&dHkh tSrwu cknke dk rsy Hkh dke esa yk;k tkrk gS] ijUrq vktdy vf/kdka’k gs;j vkW;Yl dsoy Åij crk;s x;s izeq[k ouLifr rsyksa ls gh cuk;s tk jgs gSa & buesa ewaxQyh dk rsy blds fy;s cgqr de iz;qDr gksrk gS] ukfj;y ds rsy esa ;g =qfV gksrh gS fd og tkM+ks ds ekSle esa cksry ;k ’kh’kh esa te tkrh gS] ijUrq cgqr lh efgyk,¡ ukfj;y ds rsy ls cus lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl vf/kd ilUn djrh gS] D;ksafd ;g ckyksa dks pedhys rFkk dkys cuk;s j[kus ds fy, fo’ks"k xq.kdkjh gSA

[ 59 ]

6-2 rsyksa dks lqxfU/kr djuk %&

Åij crk;s x;s ouLifr rsyksa esa viuh FkksM+h futh xU/k ’ks"k gksrh gS] vr% buls fofHkUu lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl rS;kj djus igys budh futh xU/k nwj dj ysuh pkfg,] rkfd buesa lqxU/k feJ.k vPNh rjg fey lds vkSj feykuk Hkh de iMs+A oSls rks vktdy ;s ouLifr rsy lkQ vkSj fuxZU/k fd;s gq, Hkh cktkj ls [kjhns tk ldrs gSa] ftUgsa fjQkb.M vkW;y dgk tkrk gS vkSj mUgsa Lo;a lkQ rFkk fuxZU/k djus dk >a>V djus dh ctk; cktkj ls ;s lkQ rFkk fuxZU/k ̂ fjQkb.M rsy* gh [kjhndj iz;ksx esa ykuk gh vf/kd mi;qDr jgrk gS] ijUrq ;fn fQj Hkh vki mUgsa vius ?kj ij gh fuxZU/k djuk pkgs rks mlds fy, uhps crk;s x;s QkewZyksa rFkk fof/k;ksa dks dke esa yk ldrs gSa%&

(i) ukfj;y ds rsy dks xU/kghu djuk

ukfj;y dk rsy & 1 fdyks

vksMjySl ikmMj & 3 xzke

fof/k %&

rsy dks FkksM+k xje dj ysa vkSj fQj mls fdlh mFkys crZu esa Mkydj ̂vksMj ySl ikmMj* dks mlesa fNM+d dj feyk nsaA blds i’pkr~ ml rsy dks yxHkx Ng&lkr fnu rd izfrfnu /kwi esa j[kk fn;k djsa rFkk fnu esa nks&rhu ckj vPNh rjg pyk fn;k djsA yxHkx ,d lIrkg ckn bls ^fQYVj&cSx* esa Mkydj nks&rhu ckj Nku ysa vc ;g Nuk gqvk rsy yxHkx xU/kghu vkSj LoPN o ikjn’kZd ’kDy esa feysxkA

uksV & fQYVj cSx ̂QykySu* ;k ̂fQYVj DykFk* ls cuk ,d FkSyk lk gksrk gS vkSj dsoy iUnzg :i;s dk fey tkrk gSA

(ii) fry ds rsy dks xU/kghu djuk

fry dk rsy & 5 fdyks

vkW;y fyykl & 30 xzke

fof/k %& igys QkewZys ds vuqlkj

(iii) vj.Mh ds rsy dks lkQ o xU/kghu djuk

vj.Mh dk rsy & 1 fdyks

pkjdksy ikmMj & 15 xzke

fof/k %& fiNys QkewZyksa ds vuqlkj

(iv) ewaxQyh ds rsy dks xU/kghu djuk

ewaxQyh dk rsy & 500 xzke

ewoksMj & 3 xzke

fof/k %& fiNys QkewZyksa ds vuqlkjA

6-3 rsyksa dks jaxhu cukuk %&

lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl cukus ds fy, rsyksa dks jaxhu blfy;s cuk;k tkrk gS] rkfd os vf/kd lqUnj vkSj vkd"kZd yxs] jax feykuk vko’;d ughaA ijUrq D;ksafd vf/kdka’k xzkgd ckgjh

[ 60 ]

fn[kkoV ls gh vf/kd izHkkfor gksrs gSaA vr% bUgsa jaxhu cukus dk flyflyk py fudyk gSA bl dke ds fy, tks jax dke esa yk, tkrs gSa mUgsa ̂vkW;y dylZ* dgrs gSA ;s ikmMj dh ’kDy esa csps tkrs gSA ftl jax dk rsy cukuk gks mlh jax dk vkW;y dyj yxHkx nl xqus rsy esa ?kksydj vkSj Nkudj rS;kj j[ksaA fQj bl jaxhu rsy dks ’ks"k lkjs rsy esa feyknsa rks lkjk rsy jaxhu gks tk;sxkA

6-4 lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl ds QkewZys %&

;g ckr rks vki le> gh pqds gSa fd lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl cukus ds fy, vk/kkj ds :i esa lkQ rFkk fuxZU/k djus ds rjhds Åij crk;s tk pqds gSA ;fn vki >a>V ls cpuk pkgs rks bl dke ds fy;s cktkj ls viuh vko’;drkuqlkj fjQkb.M rsy [kjhndj mugsa Hkh vk/kkj ds :i esa yk ldrs gSaA lkQ rFkk fuxZU/k rsyksa ls lqxfU/kr gs;y vkW;Yl cukus ds fy, igys buesa vko’;drkuqlkj jax feykdj jax cuk;k tkrk gS vkSj fQj ̂lqxU/k feJ.k* rFkk dksbZ mi;qDr ̂laj{kd inkFkZ* vkSj lqxU/k dk fVdkÅ cukus ds fy, dksbZ mi;qZDr ^fQDtsfVo* Hkh feyk ysuk vf/kd vPNk jgrk gSA vkidk izkjafHkd ekxZn’kZu djus ds fy;s fofHkUu izdkj ds lqxfU/kr vkW;y rS;kj djus ds pqus gq, QkewZys vkxs fn;s tk jgs gSA

(i) lqxfU/kr vk¡oyk gs;j vkW;y

fry dk fjQkb.M rsy & 1000 xzke

ijk vkW;y dyj & 2 xzke

cSUtksbd ,sflM & 3 fe-yh-

vksMjksfQDl ¼lqxU/k fVdkÅ cukus dk½ & 3 fe-yh-

vkaoyk dEikm.M lqxU/k & 15 fe-yh-

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

jax dks FkksMs ls rsy esa ?kksydj Nku ysa] rkfd blesa jax dh dksbZ QqVdh ;k jksM+h cxSj ?kqys u jgsA vc bl Nus gq, jaxhu rsy dks ’ks"k lkjs rsy esa feykdj fgyk;sa] rkfd lkjk rsy ,d leku jax tk;sA fQj blesa cSUtksbd ,flM dks ihldj ¼laj{kd inkFkZ ds :i esa½ feyk;sa vkSj mlds ckn lqxU/k rFkk ̂vkSMjksfQDl* feykdj vPNh rjg fgyk;saA ,d&nks fnu cUn iM+k jgus nsaA fQj ’khf’k;ksa esa iSd dj ysaA

uksV %& blesa jax o lqxU/k dh ek=k viuh ilUn ;k vko’;drkuqlkj de ;k vf/kd dj ldrs gSA

(ii) lqxfU/kr dSLVj vkW;y

fjQkb.M dSLVj vkW;y & 1000 xzke

rsy esa ?kqyu’khy yky jax cSUtksbd ,sflM & 2 xzke

dSLVj vkW;y dEikm.M lqxU/k & 15 fe-yh-

vksMksjksek ¼lqxU/k fVdkÅ cukus dk½ & 3 fe-yh-

fof/k %& fiNys QkeZwys ds vuqlkjA

uksV%& dSLVj vkW;y dEikm.M lqxU/k cuh&cuk;h yxHkx 36 :i;s dh 450 xzke iSfdax esa fey ldrh gSA vksMksjksek dk orZeku Hkko yxHkx 60 :i;s izfr fdyks gSA

[ 61 ]

(iii) lqxfU/kr Hk`axjkt gs;j vkW;y

fjQkb.M fry vkW;y & 1 fdyks

gjk vkW;y dyj & 10 xzke

Hk`axjkt dEikm.M lqxU/k & 15 fe-yh-

vksMjksfQDl & 5 fe-yh-

fof/k & fiNys QkWewZyksa ds vuqlkj

(iv) ukfj;y ds rsy ls cuk lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;y

fjQkb.M dksdksusV vkW;y & 1 fdyks

vksMjksfQDl & 3 xzke

vkW;y dyj & 2 xzke

lqxU/k & 10 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k &

ukfj;y ds rsy esa FkksMk lk rsy fudkydj mlesa viuh ilUn dk dksbZ ̂vkW;y dyj* ?kksy ysa vkSj mls fdlh lkQ diMs+ ls Nku ysa rkfd mldh QqVdh vkfn u jgs] vc bl jaxhu rsy dks ’ks"k lkjs rsy esa feykdj] vksMjksfQDl rFkk lqxU/k Hkh feyk ysa vkSj vPNh rjg fgyk;sa rsy rS;kj gS] bls vko’;drkuqlkj lkbt dh ’khf’k;ksa esa iSd dj ysaA

uksV %& ¼1½ gs;j vkW;Yl dks jaxhu cukuk vko’;d ugha] ijUrq jax feykus ls ;s lqUnj fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSA blds fy;s ^ouLifr tU;* jax tSls jrutksr ;k ^rsy esa ?kqyu’khy jax* gh dke esa ykus pkfg,] ftUgsa ^vk;Wy dyj dgk tkrk gS vkSj tks ikmMj dh ’kDy esa fcdrs gSaA ftl jax dk rsy cukuk gks mlh jax okyk ;g ̂vkW;y dyj* feykuk pkfg,] vke rkSj ij 100 Hkkx rsy dks jaxhu cukus ds fy;s nks Hkkx ;g ̂vkW;y dyj* i;kZIr gSaA

¼2½ fjQkb.M vkW;y cktkj esa rS;kj fey tkrs gSa] ftUgas Lo;a fjQkb.M djus esa FkksM+k >a>V Hkh djuk iM+rk gS vkSj feyksa esa e’khuksa dh lgk;rk ls ̂ fjQkb.M rsyksa* dk eqdkcyk ;g ugha dj ldrsA fjQkb.M rsy dks lqxfU/kr cukus ds fy, lqxU/k Hkh de [kpZ gksrh gS vkSj og vf/kd vPNh rjg rsy esa ?kqy&fey tkrh gSA

¼3½ vksMjksfQDl dks feykus ls ^lqxU/k* blesa vf/kd vPNh rjg ?kqy&fey tkrh gS ¼vFkkZr~ fVdkÅ cu tkrh gS½

¼4½ rsyksa dks lqxfU/kr cukus ds fy, ,d lqxU/k dh ctk;] dbZ mi;ZqDr lqxfU/k;ksa dks ,d txg feykdj muls rS;kj fd;k x;k lqxU/k feJ.k vf/kd mi;qDr jgrk gS] ;s cus cuk;s Hkh fey ldrs gSa vkSj vkxs crk;s x;s QkWewyksa ls Lo;a Hkh cuk;s tk lds gSaA vkerkSj ls 1000 Hkkx rsy ds fy, 5 Hkkx lqxU/k i;kZIr jgrh gS] ijUrq bls vki viuh vko’;drkuqlkj de ;k vf/kd Hkh feyk ldrs gSaA

¼5½ lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl cukrs le; ;fn 1000 Hkkx rsy esa yxHkx 5 Hkkx cSUtksbd ,flM] laj{kd&inkFkZ ds :i esa feyk fn;k tk;s rks ;s rsy eghuksa j[ks jgus ij Hkh nqxZU/k ugha nsrsA

¼6½ lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl cukus okyksa dks pkfg, fd os vius eky dks ’khf’k;ksa esa iSd djus ds

[ 62 ]

ckn mu ij izwQ dSfiax e’khu dh lgk;rk ls lhy cUn <+Ddu yxk fn;k djsa] rkfd dksbZ csbZeku O;fDr blesa lhy rksMs+ cxSj feykoV u dj ldsA

(v) czkãh vk¡oyk gs;j vkW;y ¼lS.VsM½

fry dk fjQkb.M fry & 1000 xzke

gjk vkW;y dyj & 5 xzke

cSUtksbd ,sflM & 5 xzke

lany vkW;y & 5 xzke

czkãh vk¡oyk dEikm.M lqxU/k & 5 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k &

Åij fn;s x, QkWewZys ds vuqlkj gSA blesa cSUtksbd ,flM lqj{kk ds fy, vkSj lUny vkW;y] lqxU/k dks fVdkÅ cukus ds fy, fQDtsfVo ds :i esa feyk;k x;k gSA

uksV & czkãh vk¡oyk dEikm.M cktkj ls cuh cuk;h Hkh [kjhn ldrs gSaA

(vi) lqxfU/kr dSLVj vkW;y

fjQkb.M dSLVj vkW;y & 1000 xzke

fry dk fjQkb.M rsy & 500 xzke

cSUtksbd ,sflM & 7 xzke

yky vkW;y dyj & 7 xzke

dSLVj vkW;y dEikm.M lqxU/k & 10 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k & Åij fn;s x;s QkWewZys ds vuqlkj gSA

uksV & dSLVj vkW;y dEikm.M lqxU/k cuh cuk;h Hkh fey ldrh gS vkSj ;fn vki pkgs rks bl Vkbi dk ,d ̂lqxU/k feJ.k* vkxs fn;s x;s QkWewZys ls Lo;a Hkh rS;kj dj ldrs gSaA

oxZeksV vkW;y & 2 xzke

vksVk fguk & 2 xzke

lUny vkW;y & 4 xzke

vkSjsUt vkW;y & 6 xzke

tSlfeu vkW;y & 4 xzke

yky vkW;y QyV & 0-5 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k & lkjh lqxfU/k;k¡ ,d txg feyk ysa vkSj fQj jax dks Hkh FkksMs+ ls rsy esa ?kksydj rFkk Nkudj blesa feyk nsaA

(vii) >M+rs ckyksa ds fy, dSUFkjMhu gs;j vkW;y

fry dk fjQkb.M fry & 1000 xzke

ihyk vkW;y dyj & 5 xzke

cSUtksbd ,sflM & 5 xzke

[ 63 ]

vksMjksfQDl & 3 xzke

dSUFkjMhu ¶ykbt & 10 xzke

dSUFkjMhu vkW;y dEikm.M ¼lqxU/k½ & 10 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k &

lkjs jpd ,d txg feykdj <+Ddunkj crZu esa yxHkx ,d lIrkg rd cUn iM+s jgus nsaA bl vof/k esa izfrfnu nks&rhu ckj bl feJ.k dks vPNh rjg fgyk fn;k djsa] rkfd blesa iM+s lkjs jpd vkil esa vPNh rjg ?kqy fey tk;saA fQj bls Nkudj ’khf’k;ksa esa iSd dj ysaA

uksV & bl rsy esa ̂ dSUFkjMhu ¶ykbt* ¼fryuh efD[k;k¡½ dk vlj vk tkus ls ;g >M+rs ckyksa dk vle; fxjuk de dj nsrk gSA

(viii) elkys dh lqxU/k okyk gs;j vkW;y

fry dk fjQkb.M fry & 1000 xzke

yky vkW;y dyj & 5 xzke

vksMjksfQDl & 3 xzke

cSUtksbd ,flM & 5 xzke

fujyh vkW;y & 2 xzke

ySeu vkW;y & 1-5 xzke

Dykso vkW;y & 0-5 xzke

Fkkbey vkW;y & 0-5 xzke

jksgMhukWy & 1 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k & lkjs jpd ,d txg feyk ysa vkSj Åij cryk;h xbZ fof/k ls gs;j vkW;y rS;kj dj ysaA

(ix) u;s <ax ls gs;j vkW;y ¼rsy jfgr½

fyfDoM iSjkfQu & 1000 xzke

cSfUt;e ,slhVsV & 2 xzke

ipkSyh vkW;y & 1 xzke

jksgfMukWy & 8 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k & lkjs ̂jpd* ,d txg feyk ysa vkSj fQj ’khf’k;ksa esa iSd dj ysaA

uksV & ;g mRiknu ̂ gs;j vkW;y* dh rjg mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS] ijUrq blesa rsy fcYdqy ugha gksrk vkSj bldh txg fyfDoM iSjkQhu dks iz;ksx esa ykrs gSaA blesa dksbZ ouLifr rsy u gksus ls ;g eghuksa iMk jgus ij Hkh nqxZU/k ugha nsrk vkSj ckyksa dks eqyk;e o pedhys cuk;s j[krk gS] blesa ls lqxU/k xqykc dh dke vk,xhA

xq.k & mi;qZDr ̂QkewZys ls rS;kj gksus okys ,eY’ku* dks ̂ MªkbDyhfuax lkSYoS.V* esa mi;qDr ek=k esa ?kksy ysus ls] esys Åuh diM+s vf/kd lkQ gks tkrs gSa vkSj mudk eSy vklkuh ls fudy tkrk gSA

uksV & ̂,eY’ku* rS;kj djus dk dke lLrh pfuZax e’khu ;k ̂ feYd ’ksd* bR;kfn rS;kj djus okyh

[ 64 ]

^bysfDVªd fefDlax e’khu* ls Hkh fy;k tk ldrk gSA

(x) vk¡oys dk rsy

rktk ids gq, vk¡oys [kjhndj mudk xwnk fudky ysa vkSj fQj bl xwns dks ,d lkQ etcwr o ckjhd diM+s esa ck¡/kdj] jl fupksM fyft,A vc bl jl dks rksy yhft;s vkSj ftruk bldk otu gks mlls nqxuk rsy feyk dj bls yksgs dh dM+kgh esa Mkydj /kheh vkx ij xeZ djsaA ;fn vk¡p rst gksxh rks rsy ty tk;sxkA idkrs&idkrs tc blesa ls lkjk tyh; va’k mM+ tk;s rFkk dsoy rsy ’ks"k jg tk; rks crZu dks vkx ls uhps mrkj ysa vkSj fQj fQYVj&DykFk ls Nku ysa rFkk B.Mk gksus nsaA fQj blesa 3 izfr’kr ek=k esa czkãh vk¡oyk dEikm.M ij¶;qe feyk ysaA

(xi) vk;qosZfnd ds’k rsy ¼vU; uqL[kk½

xqykc ds Qwy & 30 xzke

ikuM+h & 30 xzke

lw[ks gq, vk¡oys & 50 xzke

ukxj eksFkk & 30 xzke

vxj & 30 xzke

uj dpwj & 20 xzke

tVkeklh & 25 xzke

[kl & 30 xzke

ykscku & 5 xzke

ukfj;y dk rsy & 10 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k &

mijksDr nl jpdksa dks njnjk dwV ysa vkSj rsy esa feykdj fdlh dk¡p erZcku esa Hkj nsa] Åij ls <+Ddu yxkdj yxHkx nks lIrkg rd fnu esa /kwi esa rFkk jkf= esa [kqyh txg esa j[k fn;k djs vkSj izfrfnu bls ,d&nks ckj vPNh rjg fgyk fn;k djsaA ¼ijUrq eq¡g cUn jguk pkfg,½ rkfd blesa iMs jpdksa dk vlj lkjs rsy esa ,d leku ?kqy&fey ldsA nks lIrkg chr tkus ij bls Qykysu ds diM+s ls Nku ysa vkSj ;fn vf/kd jaxhu cukuk gks rks blesa FkksM+k&lk gjk ;k yky jax ¼vk;y dyj½ ?kksy ysaA jax dks igys FkksMs+ ls rsy esa ?kksydj Nku ysa vkSj fQj bl jaxhu rsy esa vko’;drkuqlkj rsy ysdj mls lkjs rsy esa feyk ysaA

lqxU/k ds fy;s blesa pUnu dk rsy ;k [kl dk rsy vFkok dLrqjh yxHkx 3 izfr’kr ek=k esa feykbZ tk ldrh gS ¼oSls jax vkSj lqxU/k feykuk vko’;d ugha gS½

(xii) lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;y ¼vU; QkWeZwyk½

fry ;k ukfj;y dk fjQkb.M rsy & 2 fdyks

ckyle is: & 25 fdyks

vksVks fguk & 5 fe-yh-

panu dk rsy & 10 fe-yh-

[ 65 ]

yky vkW;y dyj & 2 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

jax dks FkksM+s ls rsy esa ?kksydj vkSj Nkudj] lkjs rsy esa feyk ysa blesa lkjk rsy jaxhu gks tk;sxkA vc blesa cky&le is: dks Hkh dwVdj Mky nsa vkSj fQj vksVks fguk vkSj pUnu dk rsy feykdj] yxHkx nks lIrkg ds fy, fdlh erZcku esa eq¡g cUn djds j[k NksMs+A fQj Nkudj cksryksa ;k ’khf’k;ksa esa iSd dj ysaA

uksV %& jax dk lqxU/k dh ek=k bPNkuqlkj de&vf/kd dj ldrs gSaA

(xiii) ekSyJh dh lqxU/k okyk gs;j vkW;y

fry dk fjQkb.M rsy & 1 fdyks

cSfUt;e & 1 Mªke

lqxU/k ekSyJh & 5 Mªke

fujksyk & 1 xzke

yky vkW;y dyj & vko’;drkuqlkj

fuekZ.k fof/k & rsy esa igys jax feykdj mls jaxhu cuk ysa vkSj fQj ’ks"k rhuksa jpd feykdj ,d lIrkg ds fy, eq¡g can djds j[k NksMs+] fQj Nkudj dke esa yk,aA

(xiv) Hkkaxj gs;j vkW;y

Hkkaxjk ds iÙkksa dk jl & 100 xzke

gjs vk¡oyksa dk jl & 1000 xzke

fry dk fjQkb.M rsy & 100 xzke

gjk vkW;y dyj & 2 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k &

vk¡oys rFkk Hkkaxjs dk jl vkSj rsy esa rhuksa phtsa dybZ ds crZu esa Mkydj /kheh vk¡p ij j[ks vkSj xeZ gksus nsaA idrs&idrs tc blesa ls tyh; va’k Hkki cudj mM+ tk; rks crZu dks vkx ls uhps ls mrkj dj] mlesa iMs+ rsy dh fQYVj DykFk ;k QykySu ds diM+s ls Nku ysa] rkfd cxSj /kqyh QqVdh vyx gks tk;A bl Nus gq;s jaxhu rsy dk idk;s gq, rFkk Nkus gq, rsy esa feykdj vPNh rjg fgyk,a] rkfd lkjk rsy ,d leku jaxhu gks tk;s fQj bls FkksM+k B.Mk gksus nsa vkSj lqxU/k mRiUu djus ds fy, blesa yxHkx 5 fe-yh- ek=k esa ̂Hk`axjkt dEikm.M ij¶;qe* Hkh feyk nsaA

(xv) f=Qyk gs;j vkW;y

f=Qyk & 40 xzke

ikuh & 100 xzke

fry dk fjQkb.M rsy & 100 xzke

gjk vkW;y dyj & 5 xzke

vk¡oyk ij¶;qe & 5 fe-yh-

[ 66 ]

fuekZ.k fof/k &

f=Qyk njnjk dqVk gqvk ysa vkSj bls jkr Hkj ikuh esa Hkhxk jgus nsaA lqcg nwljs fnu bl ikuh esa f=Qys okys ikuh dk crZu /kheh vk¡p ij j[kdj xeZ djsa vkSj bls bruh nsj rd idk,¡ fd yxHkx vk/kk ikuh Hkki cudj mM+ tk,A vc bls lkQ diMs+ ls Nku ysa vkSj bl Nus gq, ?kksy dks dybZ fd;s gq, crZu esa Mkydj rsy rFkk f=Qys ds bl dk<s+ dks /kheh vk¡p ij bruh nsj idk,¡ fd blesa ls dk<s+ dk tyh; va’k Hkki cudj mM+ tk;sA fQj bls Nkudj j[k ysa vkSj vUr esa lqxU/k Hkh feyk ysaA

(xvi) f=Qyk gs;j vkW;y ¼vU; QkWewZyk½

vk¡oyk ¼xqByh fudyk gqvk½ & 30 xzke

cM+h gjM+ ¼xqByh fudyh gqbZ½ & 10 xzke

cgsMk & 10 xzke

ikuh & 2 fdyks

fry dk fjQkb.M rsy & 1 fdyks

gjk vkW;y dyj & 2 xzke

czkãh vk¡oyk dEikm.M & 4 fe-yh-

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

vk¡oyk gjM+ vkSj cgsM+k dks rksM+dj rFkk ,d txg feykdj njnjk dwV ysa vkSj fQj budk pwjk yksgs ds ,d crZu esa Mkydj ikuh Hkh Mky nsaA yxHkx nks&rhu fnu bl pwjs dks ikuh esa Hkhxk jgus nsa vkSj fQj bldk crZu vkx ij p<+kdj bruh nsj xeZ djsa fd vk/kk ikuh Hkki cudj mM+ tk;A vc bl dk<+s dks lkQ diMs+ esa ls Nku ysa vkSj tks Qksd diM+s ds Åij cps jgs mls Qasd nsA vc Nus gq, bl dk<+s dks rFkk rsy dks fdlh dybZnkj crZu esa Mkydj /kheh vk¡p ij burh nsj idk,¡ fd dk<+s dk lkjk ikuh Hkki cudj mM+ tk; vkSj rsy ’ks"k jg tk;A blds ckn crZu dks vkx ls uhps mrkj dj rsy dks Nku ysaA fQj blesa ls jax feykdj jaxhu dj ysaA tc ;g FkksM+k B.M+k gks tk; rks lqxU/k feykdj vPNh rjg fgyk,¡&pyk,¡ vkSj ’khf’k;ksa ;k cksryksa esa iSd djds rFkk ysfcy yxkdj cktkj Hkst nsaA

uksV %& ¼1½ ;g /;ku jgs fd f=Qys dk dk<+k feykdj] rsy dks vf/kd vk¡p ij xeZ u djs] vU;Fkk blls rsy tyus dk vkSj mldk jax dkyk iM+us dk vUns’kk jgrk gSA

¼2½ eki ds fy, fe-yh- ds fu’kku Nis gq, ̂ ekius&Xykl* ¼est fjax Xykl½ dks dke esa yk;k tkrk gS] tks yxHkx nks :i;s esa lkabl dk lkeku cspus okys nqdkunkjksa ls fey tkrk gSA oSls 1 fe-yh- ikuh dk otu yxHkx 1 xzke ds cjkcj gksrk gSA

¼3½ gs;j vkW;Yl esa jax o lqxU/k dh ek=k viuh ilUn ds vuqlkj de ;k vf/kd Hkh dj ldrs gSaA

(xvii) efLr"d ds fo’ks"k xq.kdkjh rsy

cknke dk ’kq) rsy & 20 xzke

[ 67 ]

díw dk rsy & 10 xzke

díw ds chtksa dk rsy & 15 xzke

/kksbZ frYyh dk rsy & 1000 xzke

pUnu dk rsy ¼lqxU/k ds fy;s½ & 6 fe-yh-

dsoMs+ dh lqxU/k & 1 fe-yh-

vk¡;y dyj ¼;fn pkgksa rks½ & 1 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

lkjh phtsa ,d txg feykdj vPNh rjg fgyk,a vkSj fQj fdlh duLrj vkfn esa eq¡g cUn djds yxHkx ,d lIrkg rd cUn iM+k jgus nsaA blds ckn Nkudj dke esa yk,aA

uksV %& ;g rsy dkQh egaxk iM+rk gS] ijUrq ekufld Je djus okyksa ds fy, fo’ks"kxq.kdkjh gS] D;ksafd ;g efLr"d dks rjkoV nsrk gSA

6-5 gs;j vkW;Yl ds fy, lqxfU/k;k¡ gs;j vkW;Yl cukus ds fy, vktdy rjg&rjg ds lqxU/k&feJ.k cktkj esa cus&cuk;s Hkh fey tkrs gSa] ijUrq ;fn vki Lo;a rS;kj fd;k gqvk ̂lqxU/k&feJ.k* iz;ksx esa ykuk pkgs rks blds fy, dqN pqus gq, QkWewZys uhps fn;s tk jgs gSaA

QkewZyk&1 vksVks dsoM+k & 10 fe-yh-

yoS.Mj & 20 fe-yh-

jkstejh vkW;y & 10 fe-yh-

fuekZ.k fof/k &

rhuksa phtsa ,d ’kh’kh esa Mkydj vkSj MkV yxkdj vPNh rjg fgyk,¡ rkfd ;s rhuksa lqxfU/k;k¡ vkil esa vPNh rjg ?kqy&fey tk;saA bls yxHkx 3 izfr’kr ek=k rd feykuk i;kZIr jgrk gS ijUrq ;fn vf/kd rst ;k gYdh lqxU/k okyk gs;j vkW;y cukuk gks rks lqxU/k feJ.k dh ek=k vko’;drkuqlkj de ;k vf/kd Hkh dj ldrs gSaA

QkewZyk &2 yoS.Mj vkW;y & 8 fe-yh-

ojchuk vkW;y & 8 fe-yh-

dusxk vkW;y & 8 fe-yh-

lUnydqM vkW;y & 1 fe-yh-

fuekZ.k fof/k & fiNys QkWewZys ds vuqlkj

QkewZyk&3 tSlfeu vkW;y & 6 fe-yh-

jkst vkW;y & 3 fe-yh-

,Ecjxzhl & 5 xzke

[kl vkW;y & 3 fe-yh-

fuekZ.k fof/k & fiNys QkWewZy ds vuqlkj

[ 68 ]

QkewZyk&4 % xqykc tSlh lqxU/k

jkst ij¶;we & 2 xzke

jkst ftjsfu;e vkW;y & 1 xzke

VfiZfu;ky & 1 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k % & rhuksa phtsa ,d txg feyk ysaA

QkewZyk&5 % pesyh tSlh lqxU/k

cSfUt;e ,lhVsV & 4 Hkkx

tSlfeu ij¶;qe & 2 Hkkx

QkewZyk&6 % elkyksa tSlh lqxU/k

ySeu vkW;y & 2 Hkkx

yoS.Mj vkW;y & 1 Hkkx

ftjsfu;e vkW;y & 1 Hkkx

jkstejh vkW;y & 1 Hkkx

ckyle is: & 1 Hkkx

fuekZ.k fof/k % & lkjh phtsa ,d cksry esa Mkydj rFkk <+Ddu yxkdj vPNh rjg fgyk,¡A yxHkx ,d lIrkg rd blh cksry ;k ’kh’kh esa cUn jgus nsa vkSj izfrfnu ,d nks ckj vPNh rjg fgyk ysaA ,d lIRkkg ckn Nkudj dke esa yk,aA

6-6 gs;j vkW;Yl ds fy, lqxU/k feJ.kksa ds vU; QkWeZwys

ihNs crk;k tk pqdk gS fd lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;Yl rS;kj djus dk lk/kkj.k rjhdk gS fd viuh ilUn dk rsy ysdj igys mlesa dksbZ ̂vkW;y dyj* feykdj Nku ysrs gSaA vc jaxs gq, bl rsy esa dksbZ ̂laj{kd&inkFkZ* tSls fd cSUtksbd ,flM vkfn feykdj] fQj viuh ilUn dk dksbZ mi;qDr lqxU/k feJ.k feykdj vPNh rjg fgykrs&pykrs gSa rkfd ;g lqxU/k&feJ.k lkjs rsy esa ,d leku rFkk vPNh izdkj ?kqy fey ldsA

^lqxU/k&feJ.k* vkSj jax feykrs le; ;g ckr /;ku esa j[kuh pkfg, fd mlesa feyk;h tkus okyh lqxU/k ds lkFk gh esy [kkrk gqvk jax gksuk pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds :i esa ;fn vk¡oys dh lqxU/k okyk rsy cuk;k tk;s rks lkekU;r% mldk jax gjk ;k gjk&dkyk j[kk tkrk gSA xqykc dh lqxU/k okyk rsy lkekU;r% yky jax esa vkSj pesyh dh lqxU/k okyk rst ihys jax dk cuk;k tkrk gS&rkRi;Z ;g gS fd rsy dk jax rFkk ̂lqxU/k feJ.k* dk jax ,d&nwljs ds jax ls eSp djrs gq, gksuk pkfg,A

rsy dks lqxfU/kr cukus ds fy, fdlh ,d lqxU/k dh ctk; dbZ mi;qDr lqxfU/k;ksa dks mfpr vuqikr esa ,d txg feykdj muls rS;kj fd;k x;k ̂lqxU/k feJ.k* dh lqxU/k vf/kd eksgd rFkk vf/kd fVdkÅ gksrh gS vkSj vkids izfr}Unh ;g vklkuh ls irk ugha yxk ik;saxs fd vkius ml rsy esa tks fo’ks"k lqxU/k&feJ.k feyk;k gqvk gS mldk Bhd QkWewZyk D;k gSA vr% blls udy gks ldus dh lEHkkouk dkQh de gks tkrh gSA ;fn dsoy viuh ;k ikfjokfjd vko’;drk ds vuqlkj FkksM+k gh lqxfU/kr rsy cukuk gks rks blds fy, cktkj esa fey ldus okys viuh ilUn ds fdlh Hkh

[ 69 ]

euilUn ds lqxU/k&feJ.k dks iz;ksx esa yk ldrs gSaA lkekU;r% fdlh Hkh fjQkb.M rsy esa yxHkx 5 izfr’kr ek=k esa jax rFkk 5 izfr’kr ek=k esa gh lqxU/k feykuk i;kZIr jgrk gS ijUrq ;fn vki pkgsa rks viuh ilUn ;k de vko’;drk ds vuqlkj ;g ek=k dqN de ;k vf/kd Hkh feyk ldrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr ;g ckr Hkh /;ku j[kus dh gS fd jax vkSj lqxU/k feykus ls ̂gs;j vkW;y* ds xq.k ugha c<+rs] dsoy bruk ykHk gksrk gS fd og vf/kd vkd"kZd fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gS vkSj mlesa ls lqxU/k Hkh vkus yxrh gSA ;fn vki cktkj ls cus&cuk;s ̂lqxU/k&feJ.k* u [kjhndj] Lo;a gh cukdj iz;qDr djuk pkgsa rks blds fy, pqus gq, QkWewZys uhps fn;s tk jgs gSA

QkewZyk&1 cSfUt;e ,lhVsV & 30 fe-yh-

;krk;kr ikmMj & 10 fe-yh-

diwj & 10 xzke

QkewZyk&2 lUny vkW;y & 10 fe-yh-

tSlfeu ij¶;we & 30 fe-yh-

ihyk vkW;y dyj & 0-5 xzke

uksV %& ;g lqxU/k feJ.k pesyh ds tSlh lqxU/k okys rsy gSA

QkewZyk&3 VfiZfu;kWy & 20 fe-yh-

;qfDyfIVl vkW;y & 10 fe-yh-

cSfUt;e ,lhVsV & 10 xzke

;g lqxU/k feJ.k vk¡oyk gs;j vkW;y esa feykus ds fy, vf/kd mi;qDr jgsxkA

QkewZyk&4 VfiZfu;kWy & 20 fe-yh-

jkst ftjsfu;e vkW;y & 10 fe-yh-

pUnu dk rsy & 5 fe-yh-

;g lqxU/k feJ.k xqykc tSlh lqxU/k ds :i esa iz;qDr dj ldrs gSaA

uksV%&

¼1½ nks ;k nks ls vf/kd lqxfU/k;ksa dks feykdj u;k lqxU/k feJ.k rS;kj djrs le; ;g ckr /;ku j[ksa fd dsoy ,slh gh lqxU/kksa dks ijLij feykuk pkfg, tks fd ,d nwljs ds lkFk eSp dj ldsa vkSj ftudks ijLij feykus ls tks u;k lqxU/k&feJ.k cus og mudh vyx&vyx lqxfU/k;ksa ls dgha vf/kd eksgd gksA

¼2½ vf/kdka’k lqxfU/k;k¡ ’khy LoHkko okyh gksrh gSaA vr% bUgsa vf/kd fVdkÅ cukus ds fy, ,slh mi;qDr lqxU/k lkFk esa feyk ysa] ftlds izHkko ls ;g lqxU/k vf/kd fVdkÅ gks ldsA vke rkSj ls bl dke ds fy, lUny&vkW;y] eq’d&dhVksu rFkk VfiZfu;ky vkfn dks iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA ckyle is: Hkh ,d vPNk fQo&lsfVo fl) gqvk gSA

6-7 rsyksa dks lM+us ls cpkuk

gs;j vkW;y cukus ds fy, tks ouLifr rsy dke esa yk;s tkrs gSa mUgsa cxSj lkQ djs dke esa ykus ls lqxU/k Hkh vPNh rjg ugha ikrh vkSj dqN eghuksa j[ks jgus ij os lM+us ;k [kjkc ls Hkh gksus

[ 70 ]

yxrs gSaA vr% mUgsa vf/kd le; rd lqjf{kr j[kuk pkgsa] rks 1000 xzke rsy esa yxHkx 5 xzke ek=k esa ^cSUtksbd ,flM* dks ̂laj{kd inkFkZ* ds :i esa feyk nsA cxSj lkQ fd;s gq, rsyksa esa tks esnkEy jgrs gSa] muds dkj.k dqN eghuksa j[ks jgus ls os fcxM+us yxrs gSaA vr% vPNk rks ;g gS fd budh ctk; ^fjQkb.M rsyksa* dks iz;ksx esa yk;k tk;sA fjQkb.M rsy cktkj ls Hkh [kjhns tk ldrs gSa] ;k ihNs crk;s x;s rjhdksa ls Lo;a Hkh lkQ djs tk ldrs gSaA

6-8 lqxU/k dks fVdkÅ cukuk

gs;j vkW;Yl esa feyk;h tkus okyh lqxU/k feJ.k dks vf/kd fVdkÅ cukus ds fy, muds lkFk dksbZ ,slk inkFkZ Hkh feyk ysuk pkfg, tks fd mUgas tYnh u mMus nsus esa ¼vFkkZr~ vf/kd fVdkÅ cukus esa½ lgk;d fl) gks ldsA ,sls inkFkksZa dks fQDtsfVVl dgk tkrk gS vkSj bl dke ds fy, ckyle is:] vksMjksfQDl] pUnu dk rsy ;k VfiZfu;ky vkfn inkFkZ dke esa yk;s tkrs gSaA ^fQDtsfVo* ds :i esa feyk;k tkus okyk inkFkZ ,slk gks tks fd gs;j vkW;y esa feyk;h tkus okyh lqxU/k ls eSp dj ldsA

vH;kl iz’u&

oLrqfu"B iz’u1- diMs+ /kksus ds lkcqu ds fuekZ.k esa dkSulk {kkj mi;ksx gksrk gS\

¼v½ dSfYl;e gkbMªksDlkbM ¼c½ lksfM;e gkbMªksDlkbM

¼l½ eSfXuf’k;e gkbMªksDlkbM ¼n½ iksVsf’k;e gkbMªksDlkbM

2- lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;y cukus esa dkSuls rsy dk mi;ksx ugha gksrk\

¼v½ ukfj;y dk rsy ¼l½ ew¡xQyh dk rsy

¼l½ ljlksa dk rsy ¼n½ fry dk rsy

y?kqÙkjkRed iz’u1- ugkus ds lkcqu esa dke vkus okys inkFkksZa dh ek=k dk vuqikr fyf[k;s\

2- ,d fdyksxzke ikmMj cukus ds fy, vko’;d inkFkksZa dh ek=k fyf[k;sA

3- usy ikWfy’k cukus esa dke vkus okys inkFkksZa ds uke fyf[k;sA

fucU/kkRed iz’u1- ukfj;y ds rsy ls lqxfU/kr gs;j vkW;y cukus dh fof/k dk o.kZu dhft,A

2- fMVjtsUV cukus dh fof/k dk o.kZu dhft,A

3- cwV ikWfy’k djus dh fof/k dk o.kZu dhft,A

mÙkjekyk ¼oLrqfu"B iz’u½ %1- ¼c½ 2- ¼l½

[ 71 ]

v/;k; & 7

izo`fÙk lewg ¼c½

7-1 fuEufyf[kr oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k djuk7-1-1 VekVj lkWl yky VekVj & 2 fdyks

vnjd & 25 xzke

phuh & 250 xzke

ued & 40 xzke

lksfM;e csatksLV & 2 pEep

fljdk & 20 xzke

yky fepZ & 20 xzke

I;kt] yglqu bPNkuqlkj & 5 xzke

¼FkksM+h&FkksM+h ek=k esa½

filk gqvk xeZ elkyk & 10 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

vPNh rjg ?kqys gq, VekVjksaa dks dkVdj LVhy dh irhyh ;k Hkxksus esa vkx ij p<+k nsaA mcy tkus ij mls ckjhd pyuh ls Nku ysa] ftlls chp vkSj fNyds vyx gks tk,aA yky fepZ] xeZ elkyk] filh vnjd] I;kt] yglqu vkSj phuh ,d vyx crZu esa FkksMs+ ikuh esa mcky ysaA ikuh mcy tkus ij bl ?kksy dks VekVjksa dh LVhy okyh irhyh esa Mkydj vkx ij p<+k nsaA ued Mky nsaA FkksM+h nsj ckn VekVj lkWl rS;kj gSA mrkj dj mlesa cSatks,V vkSj fljdk Mky nsaA 'khf'k;ksa esa xeZ&xeZ gh Hkjdj j[k ysaA

7-1-2 vkblØhe lUrjk vkblØhe

BaMk nw/k & 250 xzke

phuh bPNkuqlkj &

,d larjs dk jl &

rktk Øhe & 200 xzke

larjs dk ,slsUl &

ukjaxh dk jax & pqVdh Hkj

ckfjd filh byk;ph & Ms<+ pEep

[ 72 ]

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

nw/k esa phuh feyk,¡ vkSj Øhe dks vPNh rjg QsaVsA mi;qZDr lHkh lkefxz;ksa dks fdlh crZu esa ,d lkFk feykdj fÝt gks rks fÝt esa vFkok vkblØhe puZj esa rS;kj dhft,A

esok vkblØhe

HkSal dk rktk nw/k & ,d fdyks

phuh Loknkuqlkj

ckjhd dVk gqvk esok & 100 xzke

¼cknke] fiLrk] fpjkSath] dktw½ &

fdlfel & 10 xzke

byk;ph dk pw.kZ & vk/kk pEep

dslfj;k jax & pqVdh Hkj

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

nw/k mckydj ,d fdyksa ls yxHkx 700 xzke dj yhft,A phuh feykdj iqu% vPNh rjg mckfy,A vk¡p ls mrkj dj B.Mk dhft,A mlesa esok o byk;ph dk jax feyk nhft,A iku ijkx ds lkQ fMCcksa esa nw/k Hkjdj jcM cS.M o xwans vkVs ls vPNh rjg iSd dj nsaA iqjkuh eVdh esa lknk cQZ dwV dj i;kZIr ek=k esa Mky nsa] lkcqr ued Hkh Mky nsaA vc iSd fd;s fMCcksa dks eVds esa Mkysa o tksj ls eVdk idM+dj fgykrs jgsa tc rd vkblØhe rS;kj u gks tk;A te tkus ij fMCcksa esa ls fudkydj IysV esa ltkb,A

vu™kkl vkblØhe

nw/k & 10 di

phuh & 30 pEep

dLVMZ ikmMj & 5 pEep

vu™kkl ds Lykbl & 400 xzke

vu™kkl dk ,slSal & 1 pEep

rktk Øhe & 100 xzke

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

dLVMZ ikmMj dks ,d de B.Ms nw/k esa ?kksfy, o 'ks"k nw/k phuh Mkydj mckyus ds fy, j[k nhft,] mcyus ij /khjs&/khjs dLVMZ ?kksy feyk,a o nks&rhu feuV rd idk,aA vu™kkl ds Lykblksa dks ckjhd VqdM+ksa esa dkV fyft,A nw/k ds feJ.k dks B.Mk dhft,A Øhe dVs vu™kkl o ,lSal Mkydj vPNh rjg feyk;sa o vkblØhe puZj esa Mkydj vkblØhe rS;kj dj ysaA

vke dh vkblØhe

^^vkB O;fDr;ksa ds fy,**

nw/k & 3 yhVj ¼4 cksry½

phuh & 8 mikgkj pEep

[ 73 ]

vke dh yqxnh & 1 I;kyk

tsysVhu & 1 pk; pEep

ikuh & 1 cM+k pEep

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

nw/k mckfy, vkSj xk<+k gksus rd mls ean vkap esa /khjs&/khjs idus nhft,A tc nw/k vk/kk gks tk; rks blesa phuh feykb,A rc vkx ls gVkb;s vkSj B.Mk dhft,A tc cM+k pEep xquxqus ikuh esa tsysVhu ?kksfy, vkSj mls nw/k esa feykb,A feJ.k djus okys midj.k ¼feDlh½ esa vk/ks feuV rd nzo cuk yhft, vkSj vke dh yqxnh feyk yhft,A fQj vk/ks feuV rd nzo cuk yhft, vkSj vke dh yqxnh feyk yhft,A fQj vk/ks feuV rd nzo cuk yhft,A <+Ddunkj Mksaxs esa jf[k, vkSj 3&4 ?k.Vksa rd tekb,A tc eykbZ cQZ vk/kh ̂lSV* gks tk;s rks mls Ýhtj ¼tekus okyh e'khu½ esa ls fudkfy,A dkaVs ls mls gkSys&gkSys FkiFkikb, vkSj rc fQj ls ̂lSV* gksus nhft,A

pkWdysV vkblØhe

^^pkj O;fDr;ksa ds fy,**

ehBk Bksl fd;k nw/k & 1 I;kyk

xk<+k fd;k nw/k & 1 I;kyk

>kxnkj eykbZ & 1 I;kyk

v.Mk & 1

ouhyk dk lr ¼vdZ½ & 1 pk; pEep

dksdks & 1 cM+k pEep

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

xk<+s fd;s nw/k dks xjekus ds fy, dksdks vkSj lr ¼vdZ½ feykb;s vkSj B.Mk gksus nhft,A vc vaMk feykb;sA fyDohMkbtj ¼nzo djus okyh e'khu½ esa ,d feuV rd [kwc QasfV, vkSj fQj B.Mk gksus nsaA B.Mk fd, x, Bksl nw/k dks mckfy, vkSj /khjs&/khjs bls xk<+s nw/k esa feykb,A <ds lkaps esa jf[k;s vkSj Ýhtj esa vk/kk ^lSV* dj yhft,A tc ekbZ cQZ vk/kh ^lSV* gks tk;s rks mls Ýhtj ls fudkydj dkaVs ls gkSys FkiFkikb, ij /;ku jgs fd lkaps dh cxyksa vkSj ryh ls fpidh eykbZ&cQZ [kqjp yh tk,A >kxnkj eykbZ dks gkSys ls feyk nhft,A Ýhtj esa fQj ls ̂lsV* dj ysaA

ouhyk vkblØhe

^^N% O;fDr;ksa ds fy,**

xk<+k fd;k nw/k & 2 I;kys

phuh pwjk & 6&7 mikgkj pEep

ouhyk dk lr & 1 pk; pEep

ikuh & 1 mikgkj pEep

tsysVhu & 1 pk; pEep

[ 74 ]

fuekZ.k fof/k %&

nw/k xk<+k djus ds ckn B.mk dj ysaA phuh feykb,a vkSj vPNh rjg pyk ysaA ,d mikgkj pEep xeZ ikuh esa tsysVhu feyk dj mDr feJ.k esa Mky nsaA buesa lr feyk;s vkSj vk/ks feuV rd nzohdj.k gksus nsaA bls <ds lkaps esa Mkys vkSj ^lsV* dj ysaA

7-1-3 Qyikd ¼tSe½ Qyksa ds xwns dks phuh ds lkFk ,d fuf'pr vuqikr esa feykdj idkdj rS;kj fd;k tkus okyk inkFkZ gSA tSe esa de ls de 88 izfr'kr dqy ?kqyu'khy Bksl inkFkZ (T.S.S.) vEyrk 0-5 ls 0-6 izfr'kr rFkk 45 izfr'kr rd Qy dk Hkkx gksuk vko';d gksrk gSA

izfr fdyks xwís esa inkFkZ dh ek=k

Ø-la- Qy dk uke ikuh phuh uhalw lr ;k vEy

¼fe-yh-½ ¼fd-xzk-½ ¼xzke½

1- lsc 100 0-750 2-0

2- iihrk 100 0-750 3-0

3- vke 50 0-750 1-5

4- phdw 150 0-750 3-0

5- xktj 200 0-750 2-5

6- vkaoyk 150 0-750 &

7- [kwckuh 100 0-600 1-0

Qy ikd cukus dh fof/k

¼1½ Qyksa dk p;u %&

tSe cukus ds fy;s mfpr izdkj ls ids gq, Qyksa dk gh p;u djuk pkfg;sA vf/kd ids] [kjkc] lM+s xys Qyksa ls vPNk tSe ugha cu ikrk gSA

¼2½ Qyksa dh rS;kjh %&

p;u fd;s gq, Qyksa dks /kksuk] Nhyuk] dkVuk mlesa xqByh ;k cht fudkyuk rFkk mckyuk vkfn fØ;k,sa dh tkrh gSA igys Qyksa dks NksVs&NksVs VqdM+ksa esa dkVdj LVhy ds Hkxksus esa Mkydj ikuh ds lkFk mckyrs gSaA mcyrs le; Qyksa dks dqpyrs jgus ls muls isfDVu dh iwjh ek=k fudy vkrh gSA rFkk xwík Hk yqxnh tSlk gks tkrk gSA

¼3½ phuh feyuk %&

izk; [kÍs Qyksa esa ,d fdyks xwns esa 1-250 fd-xzk- phuh feyk;h tkrh gS rFkk ehBs Qyksa esa ,d fdyks xwns ds lkFk 0-750 fd-xzk- phuh feyk;h tkrh gSA phuh feykdj fQj mldk idkrs gSaA idkrs le; feJ.k esa 1-5 xzke izfr fdyks dh nj ls uhacw dk lr Hkh feykrs gSaA fQj mldks xeZ djrs gSa tc

0Bkslksa dh ek=k 68 izfr'kr ,oa mldk rkieku 105 lsfYl;l gks tk;s rc mldk futZehd`r ik=ksa esa Hkjdj <+Ddu yxk fn;k tkrk gSA

[ 75 ]

7-1-4 voysg ¼tSyh½ tSyh ,d v/kZ Bksl inkFkZ gSA tks isfDVu ;qDr Qyksa ds jl esa mfpr ek=k esa phuh feykdj rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA tSyh esa dqy ?kqyu'khy Bksl dh ek=k 65 izfr'kr gksrh gS rFkk Qyksa ds jl dk va'k 45 izfr'kr gksrk gSA tSyh izk;% ve:n] vke] djkSank] vaxwj] tkewu] [kÍs lso] ukjaxh rFkk vkywcq[kkjk vkfn ls cuk;h tkrh gSA

tSyh ds eq[; va'k %& tSyh ds eq[; pkj va'k gksrs gSa&

isfDVu & 1-0 izfr'kr

phuh & 60&65 izfr'kr

vEy & 0-75&0-90 izfr'kr

ikuh & 30&38 izfr'kr

tSyh cukus dh fof/k %&

¼1½ Qyksa dk p;u %&

tSyh ds fy;s LoLF; rkts ,oa v/kids Qyksa dk pquko fd;k tkrk gSA v/kids Qyksa esa isfDVu dh ek=k Hkh vf/kd gksrh gSA

¼2½ Qyksa ls isfDVu izkIr djuk %&

p;fur Qyksa dks vPNh izdkj ls /kksdj dkV ysuk pkfg,A fQj mUgsa ,d ik= esa Mkydj bruk ikuh Mkys dh Qyksa ds VqdMs+ ikuh esa Mwc tk;sA budks fuf'pr vof/k rd mckyk tkrk gS ftlls isfDVu ikuh esa vk tk,A vc isfDVu fefJr Qy jl dks Nkuuk pkfg,A blds fy, tSyh cSx dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

¼3½ phuh feykuk %&

isfDVu dh ek=k ds vuqlkj jl esa phuh feykdj feJ.k dks iqu% xeZ djrs gSaA xeZ djrs le; feJ.k dks fgykrs jgrs gSaA ftlls dh lEHkkouk ugha jgrh gSA tSyh rS;kj gksus ij vkx ls mrkjdj mldk futZehd`r pkSMs+ eq¡g okyh cksryksa esa xeZ&xeZ tSyh Hkj nsrs gSaA

7-2 [kk| inkFkksZa esa feykoV HkkSfrdokn ds bl ;qx esa tgk¡ vFkZ iz/kkurk c<+ jgh gS] ftlds dkj.k euq"; bruk LokFkhZ gks x;k gS fd /ku ds ykyp esa [kkus&ihus dh oLrqvksa esa feykoV djuh 'kq: dj nh ftldk lh/kk lEcU/k gekjs LokLF; ls gS] vkt lekt esa dbZ izdkj ds jksx feykoVh [kk| inkFkksZa dk iz;ksx djus ls gks jgs gSA /kuyksyqi vkSj Hkz"Vkpkjh O;kolkf;;ksa }kjk [kk| inkFkksZa esa v'kq) lLrh vFkok vuko';d oLrqvksa ds feJ.k dks vifeJ.k ;k vinzO;hdj.k ;k feykoV dgrs gSaA NksVs&NksVs vusd [kk| O;kikjh vf/kd ykHk ds yksHko'k ukuk izdkj dh ;qfDr;ksa ls ?kfV;k oLrq dks cf<+;k crkdj Å¡ps nke ij cspus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA bl izdkj dk vuqfpr O;kikj lekt ds lHkh oxksZa esa U;wukf/kd ek=k esa O;kIr gS] ftlls turk dks mfpr ewY; nsus ij Hkh ?kfV;k [kk| lkexzh feyrh gS vkSj mlls vf/kd LokLF; dh gkfu Hkh gksrh gSA

fdlh Hkh [kk| inkFkZ esa ?kfV;k xq.koÙkk okys inkFkksZa dks [kk| lkexzh feykuk tks gekjs [kk| inkFkksZa dh iks"kdrk dks de dj nsrs gSa rFkk LokLF; ij izfrdwy izHkko Mky nsrs gS] feykoV ;k

[ 76 ]

vifeJ.k dgykrk gSA

Hkkjrh; [kk| laj{kk ,oa ekud izkf/kdj.k (FSSAI) ds vuqlkj [kk| inkFkZ vifefJr ekuk tk;sxk tc %&

¼1½ tc dksbZ feykoVh inkFkZ tks de dher dk ;k gkfudkjd izHkko nsrk gksA

¼2½ tc dksbZ lLrk vkSj ghu inkFkZ iw.kZ :i ls ;k vkaf'kd :i ls mldk fodYi ysaA

¼3½ tc vko';d ?kVd iwjh rjg ;k vkaf'kd :i ls fudky fy;k tk;sA

¼4½ tc ;g izfrd`fr ;k udy gksA

¼5½ tc [kk| inkFkZ esa jax fudkydj ;k mldk mipkj djds mldks ns[kus esa vkd"kZd cuk;k tk; vkSj feykoVh inkFkZ gekjs LokLF; dks gkfudkjd izHkko nsrk gksA

¼6½ fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls ;fn [kk| inkFkZ dh xq.koÙkk mlds ekud ls uhps gksA

7-2-1 nw/k vkSj nw/k ls cus inkFkksZa esa feykoV%&

(i) QkseZfyu dh feykoV&

tkap izfØ;k %& yxHkx 10 feyhyhVj nw/k ,d ij[kuyh esa ysa vkSj mlesa 5 feyhyhVj lkUnz lY¶;qfjd vEy MkysA ;fn cSaxuh ;k uhys jax dk NYyk] nks ijr dks vyx djsa rks mlesa QkseZfyu feyk gqvk gSA

feykoVh rRo & QkeZfyu dsfedyA

feykoV dk dkj.k & nw/k tYnh u [kjkc gksA

LokLF; gkfu & tyu vkSj dSaljA

(ii) ?kkrd ;wfj;k dh igpku nw/k&

tkap izfØ;k & ,d iwjk pEep ¼yxHkx 2 fe-yh-½ nw/k ,d ij[kuyh esa ysA mlesa vk/kk pEep lks;kchu ;k vjgj ikmMj feyk;saA fgyk ds mUgsa vPNs ls feyk;saA 5 feuV ds ckn yky fyVel isij mlls fHkxks;s vkSj 30 lsd.M ckn fyVel isij dks fudky dj ns[ksA ;fn fyVel isij yky ls uhyk gks tk;s rks mlesa ;wfj;k feyk gqvk gSA

feykoVh rRo & ;wfj;k

feykoV dk dkj.k & ;wfj;k vklkuh ls ,xzhdYpj LVksj ij fey tkrk gSA nw/k ds izksVhu dh ek=k VsfLVax esa vf/kd vk;s blfy, mlesa ;wfj;k feykrs gSa D;ksafd izksVhu dh ek=k ftl fof/k ls fudkyrs gSa mlesa ukbVªkstu dh ek=k fudky ds dSydqysV djrs gSaA ;wfj;k esa ukbVªkstu gksrk gSa tks VsfLVax esa izksVhu dh xyr dSydqys'ku djokrk gSA

LokLF; ij nq"izHkko & QsaQMs ij nq"izHkko] ân; jksx] fyoj jksx

(iii) feykoVh LVkpZ dh igpku%&

tkap izfØ;k%& ,d iwjk pEep ¼yxHkx 2 fe-yh-½ nw/k ,d ij[kuyh esa ysaA mlesa 2&5 cwan vk;ksfMu dk ?kksy ysaA dqN gh {k.k esa ;fn uhyk jax fn[kkbZ ns rks mlesa LVkpZ feyk gqvk gSA

feykoV dk L=ksr & LVkpZ

feykoV dk mís'; & LVkpZ ds feykoV ls nw/k xk<+k gks tkrk gS ftlls xyr Qgeh gks tkrh gS dks

[ 77 ]

nw/k vPNh DokfyVh dk gSA

LokLF; ij nq"izHkko& nk¡rksa dks uqdlkj] T;knk LVkpZ [kkus ls eksVkikA

(iv) T;knk ikuh dh igpku nw/k esa %&

tkap izfØ;k %&,d cw¡n nw/k >qdsa gq, lrg ij fxjk;saA nw/k dh cw¡n uhps <yrs gq, ;fn /khjs&/khjs <yrh gS vkSj lQsn fpUg NksM+rh gS rks nw/k 'kq) gSA vxj mlesa ikuh feyk gksxk rks cgqr rsth ls <ysxh vkSj de lQsn fpUg NksM+sxhA

feykoV dk L=ksr & ikuh

feykoV dk mís'; & nw/k dh ek=k c<+kus ds fy;sA

LokLF; ij nq"izHkko & xans ikuh }kjk chekjhA

(v) ouLifr rsy dh igpku nw/k esa %&

tkap izfØ;k%& yxHkx 3 fe-yh- nw/k ,d ij[kuyh esa ysaA mlesa 10 cwan gkbMªksDyksfjd vEy feyk,a vkSj mlesa ,d pEep phuh ?kksysA 5 feuV ds ckn ns[ksaA ;fn yky jax fn[ksa rks mlesa ouLifr rsy feyk gqvk gSA

feykoV dk L=ksr & ouLifr rsy

feykoV dk dkj.k & ouLifr rsy feykus ls olk dh ek=k c<+ tkrh gS] ftlls nw/k vPNh DokfyVh dk izfrr gksrk gSA

LokLF; ij nq"izHkko & dksysLVªkWy c<+uk] e/kqesg] /keuh jksxA

7-2-2 nslh ?kh vkSj eD[ku esa feykoV dh tkap

(i) dksyrkj MkbZ dh tkap nslh ?kh esa%&

tkap izfØ;k %& 5 fe-yh- vEy H SO vkSj HCL Acid ,d pEep ?kh esa Mkys vPNs ls fgyk;sA ;fn 2 4

H SO ds lkFk xqykch jax vkSj HCL ds lkFk pVd yky jax vk, rks nslh ?kh esa dksyrkj MkbZ feyk 2 4

gqvk gSA

(ii) mcys gq, vkyw dh tkap nslh ?kh esa%&

tkap izfØ;k %& ,d pEep nslh ?kh ys mlesa 4&5 cw¡n vk;ksfMu Mkys ;fn uhyk jax vk;s rks mlesa mcyk gqvk vkyw feyk gqvk gSA

(iii) nslh ?kh esa ouLifr ?kh dh feykoV dh tkap%&

tkap izfØ;k%& ,d ij[kuyh esa ;k 'kh'kh esa irys Xykl esa ,d pEep ?kh MkysA fQj mlesa mruk gh HCL MkysA ,d pqVdh phuh Mkysa vkSj ,d feuV rd fgyk;sa] ;fn fØelu dyj ¼pVd yky jax½ fn[kkbZ ns rks mlesa ouLifr ?kh ;k ektZjhu dhs feykoV gSA

7-2-3 'kgn esa feykoV

(i) 'kgn esa phuh ds ?kksy dk ifj{k.k ikuh }kjk%&

tkap izfØ;k%& ¼1½ ,d cwan 'kgn ,d fxykl ikuh esa MkysA

¼2½ ;fn 'kgn dh cw¡n QSy tk;s ikuh esa rks 'kgn esa phuh dk ?kksy gSA

¼3½ ;fn u QSys rks vlyh gSA

[ 78 ]

(ii) 'kgn esa phuh ds ?kksy dh VsfLVax :bZ ;k eksecÙkh }kjk%&

¼1½ ,d :bZ dk VqdM+k ;k ekse cÙkh 'kgn esa fHkxks;sA

¼2½ fQj ml :bZ ds VqdMs+ dks ekfpl ls tyk;sA

¼3½ ;fn oks ty tkrk gS rks 'kgn 'kq) gS ;fn ugha tykrk gS ;k tyrk gS rks ikuh dh fNV&fNVkgV vkrh gS rks mlesa phuh dk ?kksy feyk gqvk gSA

(iii) 'kgn dk fV';w isij ij ifj{k.k%&

¼1½ 'kgn dh dqN cwan fV';w isij ¼CykWfVax isij@isij VkWoy½ ij MkysA

¼2½ ;fn isij fxyk gks tkrk gS ;k 'kgn dks lks[k ys rks 'kgn esa 'kqxj flji feyk gqvk gSA

¼3½ ;fn u lks[ks rks 'kgn 'kq) gSA

7-2-4 elkyksa esa feykoV

(i) vlyh nky phuh dh igpku vkSj mlesa feys gq, phu ds nkyphuh ls LokLF; ykHk%&

¼1½ nky phuh dh Nky iryh vkSj csyukdkj gksrh gS] tks fd isafly ;k isu ds pkjksa rjQ isafly ;k isu ds pkjksa rjQ yisVh tk ldrh gSA tcfd dSfl;k ckdZ dBksj vkSj vklkuh ls ugha VqVus okyh gksrh gSA

¼2½ nky phuh dh Nky vklkuh ls VwV tkrh gS tcfd dSfl;k ckdZ esa T;knk rkdr yxrk gSA

¼3½ nky phuh gYds Hkwjs jax dk gksrk gS tcfd dSfl;k ckdZ xks<s yky jax dk gksrk gSA

¼4½ nky phuh esa rst [kq'kcw vkrh gS vkSj dSfl;k ckdZ esa gYdhA

LokLF; ij izHkko%& dSfl;k ckdZ ;kuh phu dh nky phuh esa dkSekfju dh ek=k T;knk gksrh gS ftlls fyoj ij izHkko iM+rk gSA

feykoV dk dkj.k %& phu dh nky phuh lLrh feyrh gS ftlls O;kikjh dks t;knk Qk;nk feyrk gSA

(ii) gYnh ikmMj esa jaxs gq, cqjkns dh feykoV dh tkap vkSj nq"izHkko%&

tkap izfØ;k %& ,d iwjk pEep gYnh ikmMj ,d ij[kuyh esa MkysA fQj mlesa gh dkWUlsaVsªVsM gkbMªksDyksfjd ,flM MkysA ;fn xqykch jax vk;s rks mlesa ikuh MkysA ikuh Mkyus ij Hkh ;fn xqykch jax cu jgk gks rks bldk eryc gS fd gYnh ikmMj esa jaxk gqvk cqjknk feyk gSA

nq"izHkko %& O;kikjh T;knk equkQs ds fy, jaxs gq, cqjkns dh feykoV gYnh ikmMj esa dj nsrs gSa] ftlls dSalj gks ldrk gSA

(iii) [kM+h gYnh esa ysM ØkseSV dh igpku%&

tkap izfØ;k%& ,d fxykl ikuh esa [kMh gYnh MkysA gYnh Mkyrs gh ikuh dk jax fiyk gks tkrk gS] rks mlesa ysM ØkseSV feyk gqvk gSA

feykoV dk mís'; & O;kikjh gYnh dks T;knk pedhyk vkSj vPNh DokfyVh dk fn[kkus ds fy, ysM ØksesV feykoV djrs gSaA

nq"izHkko %& dSalj] 'kjhj esa tgj cukuk] tuu {kerk esa deh] ân; fodkl] Ropk jksxA

(iv) gYnh esa pkWd ikmMj dh tkap %&

[ 79 ]

tkap izfØ;k %& ,d pEep gYnh ikmMj yxHkx 25 fe-yh- ikuh esa MkysA ;fn mlesa ls cqycqys fudys rks mlesa pkWd ikmMj gSA

mís'; & pkWd ikmMj feykus ls gYnh dh ek=k T;knk gks tkrh gS] ftlls O;kikfj;ksa dks T;knk ykHk gSA

nq"izHkko %& iFkjh gksuk] isV [kjkc gksukA

(v) gYnh ikmMj esa vjkjksV dh feykoV%&

tkap izfØ;k & gYnh ikmMj ij dqN cwan vk;ksfMu lksY;q'ku MkysA ;fn uhyk jax vk;s rks mlesa vjkjksV feyk gqvk gSA

(vi) feykoVh ghax dh igpku%&

tkap izfØ;k %& ,d pEep esa ghax ys fQj ml ghax dks tyk;s] ;fn ghax diwj dh Hkk¡fr tyrk gS rks ghax 100 izfr'kr 'kq) gSA ;fn ugha tyrk gS rks bldk eryc ghax 'kq) ugha gS] mlesa vkVk ;k dqN vkSj feyk gqvk gSA

feykoV dk dkj.k %& O;kikjh T;knk equkQk dekus ds fy, ghax esa ghax tSlh gh nwljh jsftu] xe vjfcd] pkd] vkVk] lksi LVksu ;k LVkpZ feyk nsrs gSA

LokLF; ij izHkko %& ghax esa feyk;k x;k nwljk jsftu tgjhyk gks ldrk gSA

vH;kl iz’u&

oLrqfu"B iz’u1- Qyksa ls tSe rS;kj djus ds fy, Qy ds fdl Hkkx dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS%&

¼v½ Qy ds jl dk ¼c½ Qyksa ds xwns dk ¼l½ Qyksa ds fNydksa dk

2- tSyh cukus esa dkSu ls Qyksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS%&

¼v½ ehBs Qyksa ¼c½ isfDVu ;qDr Qy ¼l½ vf/kd ids gq, Qyksa dk ¼n½ xqnsnkj Qyksa dk

y?kqÙkjkRed iz’u1- esok vkblØhe cukus okys ?kVdksa dh ek=k izfrfdyksa ds vk/kkj ij fyf[k;sA

2- 'kgn esa phuh ds ?kksy dh VsfLVax :bZ ;k eksecÙkh }kjk dSls djksxs\

3- ns'kh ?kh esa vkyw dh tkap dh fof/k fyf[k;sA

fucU/kkRed iz’u1- VekVj ls lkWl rS;kj djus dh fof/k dk o.kZu dhft,A

2- nw/k vkSj nw/k ls cus inkFkksZa esa feykoV fdu&fdu inkFkksZa dks feykdj dh tkrh gS\ mudh tkap dSls djksxs\

3- elkyksa esa feykoV dh tkudkjh vius 'kCnksa esa nhft,A

mÙkjekyk ¼oLrqfu"B iz’u½ %1- ¼c½ 2- ¼c½

[ 80 ]

v/;k; & 8

izo`fÙk lewg ¼l½

8-1 flykbZ ds fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djuk&8-1-1 diMs+ dk FkSyk& vk/kqfud ;qx esa igukos dk egRo [kkus ls Hkh vf/kd c<+ x;k gSA igys ds yksx Hkkstu vf/kd vPNk gks bldks vf/kd egRo nsrs FksA vc lekt esa igukok ns[kdj O;fDr dk Lrj ukirs gaS vkSj os mPp Lrj ds yksxksa ds cjkcj igpkuuk pkgrs gSaA FkksM+h lh prqjkbZ ls viuh igpku dkQh cuk ldrs gSaA lcls vPNh igpku gS lqUnj ,oa lkQ vkd"kZd FkSyk vxj O;fDr ds gkFk vPNk FkSyk gks rks mlds ckjs esa fcuk cksys fcuk iwNs mlds jgus vkSj mlds O;fDrRo dks igpkuk tk ldrk gSA

blds fy, cSx ;k FkSyk lk/ku gS ftls gj O;fDr dks gj le; vius ikl j[kuk iM+rk gS D;ksafd vko';d NksVh oLrqvksa dks ,d lkFk gkFk esa ysdj ge ugha py ldrs gSaA blds fy, FkSys dh vko';drk gksrh gSA cktkj ls lkeku j[k ykus ds y,] ;k=k djrs le; lkeku j[kus ds fy;s vktdy efgykvksa dks ,d QS'ku ds rkSj ij ilZ ;k cSx j[kuk iM+rk gSA

FkSyk nks izdkj ls cuk;k tk ldrk gSa& ¼1½ lk/kkj.k diMs+ }kjk ¼2½ dsuokl ;k Qkse ySnj ls

lk/kkj.k diMs+ ds FkSys dh lkexzh

¼1½ eksVk diMk+ ;k ilUn ds vuqlkj diM+k

¼2½ mlh jax dk /kkxk

¼3½ flykbZ e'khu

¼4½ QSUlh gS.My

cukus dh fof/k &

lk/kkj.k FkSys ds fy, 1 QqV pkSM+k o Ms<+ QhV yEck diM+k ysaA lcls igys diMs+ dks lh/kk yEckbZ&pkSM+kbZ esa dfVax dj ysa vkSj cjkcj dj ysaA blds i'pkr eq¡g okys Hkkx dh rjQ vk/kk bap diMs+ dks eksM dj vUnj dh rjQ flykbZ dj ysaA blds ckn diMs+ dks vk/kh rjQ eq¡g ds fgLls dks feykdj vPNs ls nksuksa rjQ flykbZ dj nsaA bl izdkj ;g FkSyh vkdkj dk cu tk;sxkA blds i'pkr eq¡g ij vk/kk bap pkSM+h vkSj 8 bap yEch blh diMs+ dh nks iÍh cuk;s vkSj eq¡g ij lk<s rhu bap ck¡;s ls lk<s rhu bap nk¡;s FkksMk dj ogh ds ,d fljk ck¡;s nwljk fljk nk¡;sa rjQ flykbZ dj nsaA blh izdkj nwljh rjQ nk¡bZa ds fgLls dh blh ds fglkc ls nwljh iÍh dh flykbZ dj nsaA lk/kkj.k cSx rS;kj gks tk;sxkA

vktdy QS'ku ls iÍh ugha yxkdj fofHkUu izdkj gS.My yxkrs gSa tks cktkj esa yksgs] ,Yeksfu;e] ydM+h o IykfLVd ds cus feyrs gSaA mudks FkSys ds eq¡g ds nks rjQ yxkrs gSaA blls FkSys dh lqUnjrk ,oa idM+us esa vklkuh jgrh gSA fuEufyf[kr fp= ekywe gks &

¼1½ dsuokl &

[ 81 ]

eksVh thu tks eksetkek dh cuh gqbZ gksrh gSA ;g okVj izqQ gksrh gSA ysfdu bl ij dksbZ vU; inkFkZ ugha yxk;k tkrk gSA blls cMs+ FkSys] Ldwy cSx] fcLrj cUn] ikuh dh e'kdsa vkfn curh gSA

¼2½ QkWeZ ysnj &

;g Hkh eksVs thu ij dsefdy inkFkZ ds vkoj.k ls ;qDr gksrh gSA blesa viuh ped gksrh gSA ;g fpdukiu fy;s gksrh gSA blls ,s;j cSx] Vªsofyax cSx] feuh csx] lksQs dh xfí;k¡] FkSys] fcLrj cUn] ysfMt gS.M cSx bR;kfn curs gSaA

¼3½ jsxthu &

;g Qkse ls iryk gksrk gSA bldk iz;ksx xÙks ds dk;Z esa fd;k tkrk gSA ;g Hkh okVj izqQ gksrk gSA

mi;ksxh lkeku ,oa vkStkj & dsuokl] QkWeZ ysnj] jsxthu] peMs+ o xÙks ds yEcs VqdM+s] eksVh dSaph] Ldsy] ekdZj

flykbZ e'khu & e'khu }kjk rhu rjg dh flykbZ gks ldrh gSA vko';drkuqlkj Vk¡dksa dh flykbZ NksVh&cM+h dh tk ldrh gSA Qkse ySnj ;k jsxthu dh flykbZ djrs le; rsy dk gkFk ;fn Qkse ySnj ;k jsxthu ij flykbZ djus okys Hkkx ij yxk fn;k tk; rks e'khu dh pky esa vUrj iM+ tkrk gS vkSj e'khu esa :dkoV ugha vkrh gS u gh ckj&ckj :dkoV iSnk djrh gS vkSj /kkxk VwVrk Hkh ugha gSA tks le; o 'kkfDr dh gkfu ugha djrk gSA

8-1-2 Ldwy cSx &

¼1½ 10 x 12 ¼2½ 12 x 14 ¼3½ 16 x 16

vko';d lkeku & Ldwy cSx esa dqy 5 Hkkx gksrs gSaA

¼1½ vkxs dk Hkkx

¼2½ ihNs dk Hkkx

¼3½ xsflV iÍh

¼4½ ikWdsV

¼5½ ikWdsV doj

dVkbZ Øe ds vUrxZr igys vkxs dk Hkkx 16'' x 16'' ihNs dk Hkkx 16 x 23 ,oa xsflV iÍh 48'' x 5 '' dfVax djsaxsA blds i'pkr vkxs ds Hkkx ds Åij ikbZfiax fudy dj xzsflV iÍh dks tksMs+xs] tkM dk Vk¡d ckgjh Hkkx esa gksxk] blds i'pkr tsc ds Hkh ik;fiax fudky dj vkxs ds Hkkx esa uhps yxk;saxs rFkk ikWdsV doj esa dqN xksykbZ ysrs gq, ikbZfiax fudky dj mldks flykbZ dj nsaxs blds ckn ge ihNs ds Hkkx esa Hkh flykbZ ¼tksM dh½ ckgj j[kdj yxk nsaxsA blds i'pkr ikbZfiax vkxs ds Hkkx esa tks ckgjh flykbZ dh gS] mldks nckus ds fy, ikbZfiax fudky nsaxs rFkk ihNs ds Hkkx esa Hkh ge ckgjh flykbZ cukus ds fy;s ikbZfiax fudky nsaxsA blds i'pkr lksYMj csYV dks 36'' x 2'' dfVax fd;k tk;sxk mldks nksuksa rjQ eksM+ dj Åij flykbZ dj nsaxsA blds i'pkr nksuksa rjQ xqVel }kjk Nsn cukdj 'kksYMj csYV dks yxk nsaxsA ;fn ge Mh yxkuk pkgrs gSa rks nksuksa rjQ Mh yxk ldrs gSaA 'kksYMj csYV esa cDdy Mky nsaxsA ;g cDdy csYV dks NksVk cM+k cukus ds dke vkrk gSA blds ckn ikWdsV ds nksuksa rjQ e/; esa fDyi yxk nsaxsA ftlls ikWdsV esa Mkyh gqbZ oLrq,sa ckgj ugha fxjsA bl

[ 82 ]

izdkj Ldwy cSx rS;kj gks tk,xkA

8-1-3 'kkWfiax cSx ;k lknk FkSyk

uki ¼1½ 16'' x 12'' ¼2½ 12'' x 14' ¼3½ 14'' x 16''

vko';d lkexzh &

dsuokl] jsxthu] >kyj] jhy /kkxk] gS.Mywe dk diM+k

fof/k %&

lkns FkSys esa vkxs dk Hkkx] ihNs dk Hkkx] xsflV o gS.My dfVax fd;s tkrs gSaA lkbZt 10'' x

12'' ds fy, ge vkxs ihNs ds nks Hkkx 10'' x 12'' ds uki ls dfVax djsaxsA blds i'pkr 12'' x 12''

dfVax djsaxs ,oa pkj QwYi dkVsaxs rFkk xsflV iÍh 34'' x 4'' dkVsaxs fQj nksuksa Hkkx tks 10'' x 12'' ds dfVax fd, mu ij ikbZfiax fudkysaxs blds i'pkr xsflV iÍh ds nksuksa rjQ ikbZfiax vFkkZr tks 4''

pkSMs+ Hkkx gSa] ikbZfiax fudkysaxs fQj vkxs ds Hkkx xsflV iÍh ikbZfiax ls tksMsa+sxsA tksM+ dh flykbZ ckgj j[krs gq, tksM+ nsaxsA rFkk ihNs dk Hkkx mlh fØ;k ds vuqlkj tksM+ nsaxsA blds i'pkr ikbZfiax fudky nsaxsA fQj gs.My dh flykbZ dj nsaxs rFkk gs.My yxk nsaxs blds uhps o pkjksa rjQ ikbZfiax ds LFkku ij ge >Yyj Hkh fudky ldrs gS ftlls bldh lqUnjrk vkSj c<+ ldrh gSA

8-1-4 v.Mj fo;j cukukuki & yEckbZ & 12**] fgi ¼lhV½ & 24**] eksgjh & 17**] dej & 22**

fooj.k

1 ls 2 v.Mj fo;j dh yEckbZ 12"

2 ls 3 eksM+ ds fy;s yEckbZ & 1 ;k Ms<+ bap 1½"

1 ls 5 usQk ds fy, eksM+ 2"

1 ls 4 lhV ;k fgi ds uki dk ⅓+1 = 9"

[ 83 ]

5 ls 6 lhV ;k fgi dk ⅓ +3 = 11"

6 ls 11 = 12 + 2 +1 = 15"

6 ls 7 = 1½"

3 ls 10 = eksgjh ds uki dk ½ Hkkx + ½ = 9

8 ls 7 = dks feykb;s

8 ls 10 = eksgjh dh xksykbZ cukb;s

8-1-5 csch pÏh&uki & fgi lhV & 24**] yEckbZ & 10**] eksgjh & 14**

fooj.k

2 ls 3 pÏh dh yEckbZ 10"

1 ls 2 usQk ds eksM+ ds fy;s = 1½"

1 ls 4 lhV ;k ghi ds uki 3 Hkkx =8

4 ls 11 yEckbZ +1½ = 11½"

3 ls 6 fgi ;k lhV dk 1@12 Hkkx +1

6 ls 5 eksgjh dk uki dk ½ Hkkx

7 ls 8 = 1½"

5&8&6 = eksgjh dh xksykbZ cukb;s

9 ls 10 = dks feykb;s

5 ls 10 ¾ dks feykb;s

8-16 cfu;ku cukukuki & yEckbZ & 40**] lhuk & 36**] xys dk uki & 6**

fooj.k

0 ls 1 iwjh yEckbZ = 40"

0 ls 2 lhus dk ¼ Hkkx +1 = 10"

[ 84 ]

3 ls 1

0 ls 4 lhus 1/6 Hkkx = 6"

4 ls 5 xksyk vk/kkj cuk;s

0 ls 6 xys uki ½ Hkkx

0 ls 7 lkus dk 1/6 Hkkx

6 ls 7 xys dk vkdkj

0 ls 3 lhus ¼ Hkkx

9 ls 8 eksM+ 1 bap

2 ls 5 vkfLru ds uki ds ½ ;k lhus dk ¼ Hkkx

8-1-7 lknk ik;tkekuki & yEckbZ & 40**] eksgjh & 24**] lhV ¼fgi½ & 36**

[ 85 ]

fooj.k

1 ls 2 ik;tek dh yEckbZ = 40"

1 ls 5 usQk dk eksM = 20"

2 ls 4 eksgjh ds eksM ds fy;s = 2"

1 ls 3 lhV ¼fgi½ dh uki ⅓ Hkkx + 1 = 13"

1 ls 7 lhV ds uki ⅓ Hkkx ¾ 9

6 ls 7 ¾ 1½"

2 ls 10 eksgjh ds uki dk ½+½'' flykbZ 12½"

8 ls 11 lhV ¼fgi½ ds uki dk 1/6 Hkkx

8 ls 6 vklu dh dfVax js[kk

8-2 cqukbZ ds fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djuk

8-2-1 cqukbZ dyk %& x`gLFk esa cqukbZ dyk dk Hkh fo'ks"k egRo gSA vxj ckfydk;sa cqukbZ dyk tkurh gS rks ?kj ij gh lLrs nkeksa esa lqUnj ls lqUnj oL= rS;kj dj ysrh gSA blls oL= lLrs ewY; esa cukdj iSlks dh cpr dj ldrh gS rFkk vodk'k ,oa [kkyh le; dk lnqi;ksx djus ds fy, Åu dh cqukbZ ,d izeq[k lk/ku gSA fofHkUu jaxksa dh Åu ysdj jaxksa dk esfpax djds oL=] tqjkc] nLrkus] Vksih vkfn cuk;s tk ldrs gSaA

8-2-2 cqukbZ dyk dh mi;ksfxrk %&¼1½ ?kj ij gh euilUn jax rFkk fMtkbu ds oL= cqukbZ }kjk vklkuh ls rS;kj fd, tk ldrs gSA

¼2½ cqukbZ ls x`g.kh o Nk=k,sa vius [kkyh le; dk mi;ksx dj ldrh gSA ftlls lLrs ewY; ij oL= rS;kj gks tkrs gSA

¼3½ ?kj ij oL= rS;kj djus ls uki ds vuqlkj vPNs diMs+ rS;kj fd, tk ldrs gSA

¼4½ gkFk ls cqus gq, oL=ksa dks QVus ij ejEer vklkuh ls dh tk ldrh gSA

cqukbZ ds fy, Åu dk pquko djuk iM+rk gS %&

¼1½ dqekjh Åu & ,slh leLr Åu dks dqekjh Åu dgrs gSa ftldk Åuh oL= cukus ds fy, igys mi;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gSA

¼2½ eseuksa dh Åu & ,d o"kZ ls de mez dh HkSM+ dh ihB ls dkVs tkus okys ckyksa }kjk rS;kj Åu dks eseuksa dh Åu dgrs gSaA

¼3½ gksxsY;kgksxÅu & ml Åu dks dgrs gSa tks ,d o"kZ dh vk;q dh HksM+ ij ls igyh ckj dkVh tkrh gSA

¼4½ osnj Åu & ,d o"kZ dh vk;q dh HksM+ ls dVh gqbZ gks ysfdu ml HksM+ ls igys Hkh ys yh xbZ vkSj nqckjk vkSj dkV yh xbZ gksA

¼5½ Dyhl Åu & thfor HksM+ksa ij ls mrjh gqbZ Åu dks Dyhl Åu dgrs gSaA

[ 86 ]

¼6½ iqYM Åu & ejh gqbZ HksM+ksa ds 'kjhj ls [khapdj mrkjh xbZ Åu dks iqYM Åu dgrs gSaA

cktkj esa Hkh dbZ izdkj dh Åu feyrh gSA tSls iryh] eqyk;e] [kqjnjh] pqHkus okyh] jks;s okyh o eksVh vkfnA vr% Åu dk pquko djuk oL= ij fuHkZj djrk gSA bldk cgqr egRo gSA Åu dbZ jaxksa dh feyrh gSA Åu dk jax dk pquko fuEu izdkj djuk pkfg,%&

¼1½ izdkj &

Åu eksVkbZ ,oa jpuk esa dbZ izdkj dh cktkj esa feyrh gSA Åu dh eksVkbZ fdlh oL= ds cukus o iguus okys dh :fp ,oa fdl ekSle ds fy, pkfg, ¼LFkku rkiØe ds vuqlkj½ ij fuHkZj djrk gSA mnkgj.k cPpksa ds oL=] 'kky ds fy, eqyk;e Åu pkfg, rks cMs+ O;fDr;ksa ds fy;s eksVh Åu dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA

¼2½ jax &

Åu ds jax dk pquko vkneh ds 'kjhj ds o.kZ ds vuqlkj gksuk pkfg,A xksjs vkneh ds fy, xgjs jax vPNs jgrs gSa fdUrq lkaoys oxZ ds O;fDr ij xgjs jax vPNs ugha yxrs gSaA

¼3½ lykbZ dk pquko &

lykbZ bl izdkj dh gksuh pkfg, fd u rks ml ij tax gks u Vs<+h esM+h gksA lykbZ Åu dh eksVkbZ ij fuHkZj djrh gSA tSls ,d ;k nks IykbZ dh Åu ds fy, 8 ;k 9 uEcj dh lykbZ lgh jgrh gSA bldk dkj.k ;g fd vxj ckjhd Åu dks eksVh lykbZ ls cuk tk;sxk rks fNj fNjh cqukbZ gksxhA

8-2-3 fMtkbu dk pquko & cqukbZ djus ls igys fMtkbu dk pquko djuk Hkh vfr t:jh gSA fMtkbu dk pquko djrs le; iguus okys O;fDr ds 'kjhj dh cukoV rFkk vk;q dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg;sA tSls irys o yEcs O;fDr ds fy, yEch /kkjh okyk fMtkbu dHkh vPNh ugha gksxh vxj yEch /kkjh dk fMtkbu pquko fd;k x;k rks O;fDr vf/kd yEck eglwl gksxkA eksVs rFkk ukVs O;fDr ds fy, vkM+h /kkjh dk fMtkbu Bhd ugha jgrh gSA

8-2-4 cqukbZ djrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa &¼1½ cqukbZ esa lekurk rFkk ,drk &

cqukbZ djrs le; bl ckr dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd cqukbZ ,d lh izrhr gks rFkk QUnksa esa

[ 87 ]

lekurk jgsA cqukbZ dgha ls <hyh rFkk dgha ls dlh ugha gksuh pkfg;sA blls cqukbZ vPNh ugha yxrh gSA tYnh&tYnh rFkk ,d gh xfr ls cqukbZ ,d lh vkrh gS rFkk /khjs&/khjs cquus esa izk;% ,d lh ugha vkrh gSA

¼2½ cqurs le; ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd vxj cqukbZ NksM+uh gS rks ykbu iwjh gksus ij NksM+uh pkfg;sA ugha rks lykb;k¡ b/kj&m/kj f[kap tkus ls QUns <+hys gks tkrs gSa ;k lykbZ ls ckgj vk tkrs gSaA

¼3½ fpUg dk /kkxk &

tgk¡ ij ?kVkuk o c<+kuk 'kq: djuk gks rks fpUg Mkyus ds fy, nwljs jax ds /kkxs dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg;sA bld fpUg ds yxkus ls QUnksa dks fxuus esa lqfo/kk jgrh gSA cqukbZ lekIr gksus ij fpUg dk /kkxk fudky ysuk pkfg;sA

¼4½ izsl djuk &

cqukbZ tc lekIr gks tk;s rks oL= ij cM+h lko/kkuh ls izsl dj nsuk pkfg;sA izsl diMs+ dks mYVk djds djuk pkfg;sA oL= ij lh/ks izsl ugha djuh pkfg,A oL= ij irys eyey ds xhys diM+s dks fcNkdj izsl djuh pkfg;sA izsl djus esa ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg;s fd QUns f[kap u tk;sA

¼5½ cqukbZ dks lqUnj cukus ds fy, Åu dk xksyk cukus dh fof/k] QUns p<+kus mrkjus dh fof/k] Åu tksM+us vkfn dh fof/k vPNh izdkj ls vkuh pkfg,A

¼6½ Åu dks xksyk cukuk & Åu dk xksyk cgqr gh lko/kkuh ls cukuk pkfg;sA vxj Åu dk xksyk dldj cuk;k x;k rks Åu f[kap tk;sxh rFkk [kjkc gksrh gSA xksyk cukus ds fy, Åu dks 3&4 vaxqfy;ksa ds chp j[kdj Åij ls Åu yisVuh pkfg,A bu vaxqfy;ksa dks ckj&ckj fudkyuk pkfg, rkfd Åu fyiVus ls xksyk vPNk yxs rFkk Åu eqyk;e jgsA

8-2-5 cqukbZ e'khu dk j[k j[kko cqukbZ e'khu esa j[kj[kko ij iw.kZ /;ku j[kuk pkfg, rkfd e'khu Bhd pysA izR;sd VsDuhf'k;u ;k cqukbZ okys ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd ftl e'khu vFkok vkStkj ls og dke djrk gS mlesa mRiUu gksus okyh NksVh&NksVh [kjkfc;ksa dks vPNh izdkj ls le>ks rFkk mudks Bhd djus dh {kerk j[krk gksA izk;% e'khu dh ns[kHkky ds fuEu fu;e gS %&

¼1½ cqukbZ e'khu dks csdkj ugha NksM+uk pkfg, D;ksafd vf/kd le; rd e'khu dks cxSj dke esa fy, j[kus ls e'khu tke gksus dk Hk; jgrk gSA

¼2½ e'khu dks lnhZ] o"kkZ rFkk /kwi ls cpkuk pkfg,A

[ 88 ]

¼3½ e'khu dh le;&le; ij lQkbZ djrs jguk pkfg,A lQkbZ djds rsy Hkh nsuk pkfg,A rsy mu LFkkuksa ij nsuk pkfg, tgk¡ ls e'khu dk ewoesaV vf/kd gksrk gSA

¼4½ e'khu esa rsy Mkyrs le; ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg;s fd rsy e'khu dk gh gksA

8-2-6 cqukbZ e'khu ds nks"k %&

¼1½ e'khu dk Hkkjh pyuk &

e'khu dks izfrfnu mi;ksx esa ysuk pkfg, rFkk lQkbZ djds rsy Mkyuk pkfg,A

¼2½ Åu dk /kkxk &

ncko Bhd djds ;g ns[kuk pkfg;s fd Åu dk /kkxk detksj rks ugha gSA

¼3½ e'khu dh cqukbZ [kjkc vkuk &

Åu dk /kkxk ns[k ysuk pkfg, rFkk e'khu ds nk¡rs vkfn Hkh ns[kus pkfg,A [kjkc cqukbZ Bhd djus esa Åu dh f[kapko dk Hkh fo’ks"k /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A

¼4½ pwd nsuk &

nkarks dks Bhd djuk pkfg,A

8-2-7 cqukbZ ds fy, t:jh lkeku

cqukbZ ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lkeku dh vko';drk gksrh gS %&

¼1½ eksVh lykb;ksa ds dbZ fdLe ds tksMs+

¼2½ iryh lykb;ksa ds dbZ fdLe ds tksMs+

¼3½ gkFkh nkar ;k lhax dk Øksf'k;k

¼4½ Qans vyx djus ds fy, Lohp gksYMj

¼5½ xVs ikpsZ dh flykbZ

¼6½ teZuh dh lykbZ uEcj 8

¼7½ teZuh dh lykbZ uEcj 12 vkSj uEcj 13

¼8½ flj dk vk¡dM+k ;k dk¡Vk

¼9½ dSuost ds dke dh ,d lwbZ lhus ds fy,

8-2-8 cqukbZ ds lqUnj cukus ds fy, fuEu ckrksa dk /;ku nsuk pkfg,

¼1½ Åu vPNh cVh gqbZ vkSj lykbZ iryh gksA

¼2½ cgqr dlk ;k <hyk u gks

¼3½ xVs ikpsZ dh flykbZ ls cquus ls Åu esa dkykiu ugha vkrk gSA

¼4½ tks pht cukuh gks mldks dkxt ij dkV ys vkSj cqurs tk, vkSj ukirs tk,A

¼5½ lhus esa fdokM+h dh NkaV xgjh gksuh pkfg,A

¼6½ ihB dh NkaV fdokMh ls cgqr de gksuh pkfg,A

¼7½ LosVj dk flykrs oDr vkLrhu dk tksM+] fdokM+h rFkk ihB okyk tksM+ lax feyk jgsxkA

nks jax ds Åu ls yxkrkj cquuk gks rks iryk cVk gqvk Åu ysaA

[ 89 ]

tkWdsV] LosVj] dksV] osLVdksV] ÝkWd dh tjk <hyh cqukbZ gksus pkfg,A

fL=;ksa dk dksV] vkfLru] tsc dh iÍh] tsc ds uhps dh FkSyh dk fgLlk] xys vkSj lhus dh ifV~V;ka vyx&vyx cqudj ihNs Vkad nsukA

xys dh vkSj vkxs dh iÍh pkSM+h vPNh jgrh gSA

ÝkWd esa iÙkhnkj cqudj dqN lykb;ksa ds ckn nwljs feyrs gq, jax ls 4 /kkjh dks Mky nsa tks lh/ks rjQ ls fn[kkbZ nsA rhu pkj txg ij bl rjg dh /kkjh MkysaA

8-2-9 ckWMZj] xyk o ckgsa cukus dh fof/k

LosVj 'kq: djus ds fy, ftl O;fDr ds fy, cuk jgs gS mlds vuqlkj Qans Mky ns rFkk nwljh lykbZ ls ,d mYVk vkSj ,d lh/kk cuk;s] fQj nks&nks ykbu NksM+dj ,d&,d QUnk c<+krs tk;saA vkB ;k nl lykbZ ds ckn ckWMZj cUn dj nsaA ckWMZj cukus ds ckn ,d lykbZ lh/kh fudkysa rFkk bPNkuqlkj fMtkbu cuk ysaA lkns LosVj ds fy, ,d lykbZ lh/kh o ,d mYVh cqurs pysA

xyk Hkh nks izdkj ls cuk;k tkrk gSA ,d rks mlh esa Qank cqu dj o nwljk vyx ls iÍh cukdj LosVj ds lkFk cuk;s tkus okys xys ds fy, ekSts dh rhu lykb;k¡ ysrs gSaA ml ij QUnk Mkydj 6 lykbZ ckn xyk cUn dj ysrs gSaA ;k lk/kkj.k lykb;ksa ds }kjk Hkh vyx ls iÍh cukdj LosVj ds lkFk nsrs gSaA

vkfLru Hkh nks izdkj ls cuk;h tkrh gSA ,d rks LosVj esa ls Qans mBk&mBkdj o vyx ls cqudj ;k dybZ dh rjQ ls 'kq: djds LosVj ls mBkdj cqukbZ djus ds fy, tgka ls vkfLru dh NVkbZ dh xbZ gSA ogk¡ fdukj ij ls Qans mBkrs tkrs gSa rFkk dqguh rd leku cukrs gSA dqguh ds ckn nks ?kj ?kVkrs tkrs gS vkSj uhps ckWMZj cqu ysrs gSaA vyx ls vkfLru cukus ds fy, ckWMZj cqudj dqguh rd cqu ysrs gSA

vH;kl iz’u&

oLrqfu"B iz’u1- FkSys fdrus izdkj dh lkexzh ls cuk;s tk ldrs gSa&

¼v½ 2 ¼c½ 4 ¼l½ 5 ¼n½ 6

2- fuEu esa ls D;k Åu dk ,d izdkj ugha gS&

¼v½ dqekjh ¼c½ iqYM ¼l½ Dyksl ¼n½ foUM

3- Åu fdrus izdkj dh gksrh gS

¼v½ 2 ¼c½ 4 ¼l½ 4 ¼n½ 6

y?kqÙkjkRed iz’u1- lk/kkj.k diM+s dh FkSys dks cukus dh dkSu&dkSu lh lkexzh gS\

2- dsuokl ds cSx cukus ds fy, dkSu&dkSu lh lkexzh dh vko’;drk gksrh gS\

3- QkWeZ yssnj fdls dgrs gSa\

4- QkWeZ ysnj ls dkSu&dkSu lh phtsa cukbZ tkrh gS\

[ 90 ]

5- cqukbZ djrs oDr fdu&fdu lkexzh dh vko’;drk gksrh gS\

6- dqekjh Åu fdls dgrs gSa\

fucU/kkRed iz’u1- lk/kkj.k FkSyk dSls cuk;k tkrk gS fy[kksA

2- csch pM~Mh cukus ds fy, dkSu&dkSu ls uki fy, tkrs gSa o fp= }kjk fooj.k fyf[k,\

3- lk/kkj.k ik;tkek fdl izdkj cuk;k tkrk gS\ le>k,A

4- cqukbZ dyk dh mi;ksfxrk dks fyf[k,A

5- cqukbZ djrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; dkSu&dkSu lh ckrsa gSa\

6- cqukbZ e’khu dk j[kj[kko dSls fd;k tkrk gS\

7- cqukbZ e’khu ds dkSu ls nks"k gS\

8- cqukbZ ds fy, dkSu&dkSu lh lkexzh pkfg,A

9- cqukbZ dks lqUnj cukus ds fy, dkSu lh ckrksa dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A

mÙkjekyk ¼oLrqfu"B iz’u½ %1- ¼v½ 2- ¼n½ 3- ¼n½

[ 91 ]

v/;k; & 9

{ks= ^n* izo`fÙk lewg

9-1 Hkou ,oa QuhZpj dk j[kj[kkolalkj esa ftrus Hkh izk.kh gS lkjs i'kq i{kh gksa] dhMs+ gksa] dhM+s&edksMs+ gksa] taxyh tkuoj gks lHkh

dks vius jgus ds fy, dgha u dgha vkokl cukuk iM+rk gSA i{kh o`{kksa ij ?kkSalyk cukrs gSa ;k iqjkus edkuksa dh nhokjksa esa ;k jks'kunkuksa esa ?kksalyk cukrs gSaA taxyh i'kq taxyksa esa xqQkvksa esa jgrs gSa ;k pÍkuksa esa dgha u dgha vius fy, lqjf{kr LFkku dh ryk'k djrs gSaA typj ty esa vius vki dks lqjf{kr ekurs gSaA blh izdkj euq"; Hkh lnhZ] xehZ] /kwi o o"kkZ ls cpko gsrq vius vki dks lqjf{kr cuk;s j[kus ds fy, ,d fuf'pr vkokl cukrk gSA euq";ksa dk vkokl u dsoy izkd`frd ck/kkvksa ls lqj{kk ds fy, gksrk gS vfirq ekuo vius lkekftd thou dks thou i;ZUr fodflr djus ds fy, viuk fuf'pr o lqanj vkokl cukus dk iz;kl djrk gSA ekuo ds fy, laqnj vkokl u dsoy muds thou ds fy, gh vko';d gS vfirq mldh lkekftd izxfr] lkaLd`frd mUufr o LFkkbZ oa'k ijaijk dks Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa rd ys tkus ds fy, Hkh vko';d gSA edku cukrs le; euq"; ;g le>rk gS fd esjk thou Hkys gh {kf.kd gks ijarq esjk edku ,slk gksuk pkfg, rkfd vkus okyh ihf<+;k¡ mlesa jgdj vius vkidks lqjf{kr eglwl djsaA

euq";ksa ds jgus ds vkokl dbZ rjg ds gksrs gSaA xk¡oksa esa jgus okys O;fDr vf/kdrj dPps edkuksa esa jgrs gSa tks lkekU;r;k dPph bZaVksa o iRFkjksa ls cuk, tkrs gSaA budh NIij ;k [kijSy dh tkrh gSA dPps edkuksa dh nhokjksa ij vf/kdrj xkscj vkSj fpduh feV~Vh ls fyikbZ dh tkrh gSA bldks dybZ ;k [kfM+;k feV~Vh ;k jaxksa ls iksr fn;k tkrk gSA

'kgjksa esa jgus okys O;fDr;ksa ds vkokl iDds cus gksrs gSaA edku pkgs dSlk Hkh gks] LokLF; dh n`f"V ls og LoPN gksuk pkfg, rFkk VwVk&QwVk ugha gksuk pkfg,A ;fn edku esa VwV&QwV gS rks le;&le; ij mldh ejEer djuh pkfg, rFkk mldh fyikbZ o iqrkbZ Hkh djrs jguk pkfg,A

9-1-1 Hkou dh iqrkbZ o jaxkbZ djus dh vko';drk

edku pkgs ftruk laqnj fo'kky vkSj LokLF; o)Zd gksA fdUrq ;fn og LoPN vkSj O;ofLFkr ugha j[kk tk; rks lc O;FkZ gks tk;sxkA ?kj dh LoPNrk ij mlesa jgus okys ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds LokLF; fuHkZj jgrk gSA xanxh gok dks nwf"kr djrh gS rFkk vusd dhVk.kqvksa dh o`f) esa lgk;d curh gSA ;s dhVk.kq vusd izdkj ds jksxksa dks QSykrs gSaA vr% Hkou dks lqanj o lkQ j[kus ds fy, fyikbZ&iqrkbZ ,oa jaxkbZ] QuhZpj] yksgs ds lkeku ij jax o ikWfy'k djkuk vko';d gSA ftls Nk=ksa dks tkuuk cgqr t:jh gSA

9-1-2 Hkou dh iqrkbZ

;fn nhokj feV~Vh dh gS rks mldh fyikbZ ds fy, xkscj esa ihyh feV~Vh ;k fpduh feV~Vh feykdj fyikbZ djuh pkfg,A

1- fyikbZ djus ls iwoZ ml LFkku dh >kMw ls tkys ,oa xanxh dks lkQ djuk pkfg,A

2- edku dh vkd`fr ds vuqlkj ihyh feV~Vh ,oa xkscj dh ek=k ysdj ,d cM+h rxkjh esa ikuh

[ 92 ]

feykdj xksy rS;kj djuk pkfg,A

3- fyikbZ djrs le; gkFk dks lh/kh js[kkvksa esa leku :i ls ?kweuk pkfg, rkfd fyikbZ Hkh lqanj gks] vkSj dksbZ LFkku NwV u ik;sA

4- fyikbZ lw[kus ds ckn >kMw ?kqek nsuk pkfg,A

5- fyikbZ djus ds ckn Hkou dh iqrkbZ [kfM+;k feV~Vh o xs: ls dh tkrh gSA

6- edku dh lQsnh ,oa xs: ls vyx&vyx fp= ¼jaxksyh½ cukdj nhokjksa o vkaxu dks lqanj ltk;k tk ldrk gSA

9-1-3 Hkou ¼edkuksa½ dh iqrkbZ

iDds edkuksa dks lkQ&lqFkjk j[kus ds fy, nhokjksa ij iqrkbZ dh tkrh gSA nhokjksa dh iqrkbZ djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lkexzh dh vko';drk gksrh gS&

1- dyh ¼pwuk½ 2- uhy

3- xksan 4- Mh-Mh-Vh-

5- iksrus dh daqph 6- dyh dks Nkuus ds fy, diM+k

7- >kMw] ydMh dk MaMk 8- crZu&ckYVh] dybZ ¼pwuk½ ?kksyus dk Mªe vkfnA

9- ÅapkbZ rd igqapkus gsrq fu'kUuh ¼lh<+h½] cM+k LVwy

9-1-4 iqrkbZ fØ;k

dyh ¼pwuk½ dks iqrkbZ djus ds ,d fnu igys xyk nsuk pkfg,A blls og xy tkus vkSj BaMh gks tk;sA nwljs fnu dyh dks fdlh ydM+h ls fgykdj dyh esa ikuh Mky ?kksy dj ,d leku dj nsuk pkfg,A blds ckn diM+s ls ckYVh esa Nku ysuk pkfg, blls eksVs dadM+ vyx gks tk;sA blds i'pkr bl ?kksy esa vko';drkuqlkj uhy ikuh esa vyx ?kksydj feyk nsuk pkfg,A 10 x 10 x 10 uki ds dejs iqrkbZ djrs le; 200 xzke xwan ikuh esa ?kksydj feyk nsa vkSj bldh 100 ls 150 xzke Mh-Mh-Vh- ikuh ?kksydj feyk nsA

blds ckn dyh djus ls igys edku nhokjksa ,oa Nrksa ij >k¡Mw yxk dj lQkbZ dj ysaA vxj nhokj VwV&QwV gqbZ gS rks ml LFkku ij lhesaV] pwuk ;k IykLVj vkWQ isfjl yxkdj ejEer dj nsuk pkfg,A blds ckn dwph ¼iksruh½ ;k cMs+ czq'k ls iqrkbZ dj ysuk pkfg,A iqrkbZ nks ckj djuh pkfg,A bls Hkou esa dksbZ LFkku NwV u ik;sxk rFkk lQkbZ o laqnj iqrkbZ gksxhA

lko/kkfu;k¡¡

1- iqrkbZ djrs oDr dybZ ;k pwus dks vius 'kjhj ,oa gkFk ij ugha fxjus nsuk pkfg, blls gkFk QVus ,oa ?kko gksus dk Hk; jgrk gSA

2- dybZ ;k pwuk ds NkaVs vk¡[k esa fxjus ls cpus ds fy, lQsn p'es dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A

3- dybZ djrs le; dwph idM+rs oDr gkFk esa jcM+ ekSts ;k IykfLVd dh FkSyh dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A

9-1-5 Hkou ij jax djuk

iDds edku dks lqanj ,oa LoPN j[kus ds fy, rhu izdkj ls jax fd;k tkrk gS&

1- lk/kkj.k fMLVacj }kjk ;k leeksle }kjk

[ 93 ]

2- vkW;y fMLVacj }kjk ;k okW’kcy fMLVacj

3- okfuZ’k }kjk ¼vk;y isaV½

vktdy fMLVacj can fMCcs esa feyrk gSA lkekU;r;k 10x10x10 ds dejs ds fy, 4 fdyksxzke fMLVacj i;kZIr jgrk gS vkSj 4 bap dk vPNh daiuh dk cz’k ysA

fMLVacj djus ds fy, xeZ ikuh esa fMLVEcj dks ?kksyuk pkfg,A ikuh bruk gh xeZ gks fd mlesa vklkuh ls gkFk ls fMLVEcj ?kksyk tk ldsA fQj cz’k }kjk nhokjksa ij lko/kkuh ls jax djuk pkfg,A ,d ckj jax djus ds ckn jax lw[kus nsuk pkfg, rFkk nqckjk ,d ckj jax djuk pkfg, blls lQkbZ iw.kZ jax vk tkrk gSA /kCcs Hkh ugha jgrs gSaA

lko/kkuh

1- jax djus ds i’pkr~ gkFkksa dks feV~Vh rsy ls lkQ djuk pkfg, blds ckn lkcqu ls gkFk lkQ dj ysuk pkfg,A

2- leeksle jax djrs le; igys nhokjksa ij ikuh Mkyuk pkfg, ckn esa jax djuk pkfg,A

9-1-6 vk;y fMLVsEcj

vk/kqfud rduhd jaxksa ds vk;y esa cuk;k tkrk gSA ;g vk;Wy fMLVsEcj nhokj ij lk/kkj.k fMLVsEcj dh rjg czq'k ls fd;k tkrk gSA ysfdu bl jax ds ?kksy dks iryk djus ds fy, fFkuj ;k rkjihu vk;y dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj ds fMLVsEcj djus ls nhokjksa ij ped vf/kd gksrh gS vkSj ;g fMLVsEcj diM+ksa ,oa 'kjhj ds vax nhokj jaxMus ls mrjrk ugha vkSj diM+s Hkh [kjkc ugha gksrs gSa] rFkk le;&le; ij bldksa jax dh nhokjksa ds ikuh ls lQkbZ dh tk ldrh gSA ftlls ped nqckjk vk;s o jax mrjrk Hkh ugha gSA bl izdkj ls fMLVsEcj djus ls de ls de 3 o"kZ nhokjsa vPNh pednkj jgrh gS vkSj jax [kjkc Hkh ugha gksrk gSA

9-1-7 okfuZ'k ¼vk;y isaV½ }kjk jaxkbZ

edku dks vf/kd laqnj ,oa yqHkkouk fn[kus ds fy, o yacs le; rd vPNk fn[ks blds fy, vk;y jaxksa dk iz;ksx gks jgk gSA ;g cktkjksa esa dbZ izdkj dh daiuh ds }kjk fuekZ.k djds vyx jaxksa esa fMCck feyrk gSA bl izdkj ds jaxksa djus ds fy, nhokjksa ij igys izkbej fd;k tkrk gSA blds lw[kus ij bldks ,d izdkj jxM+u okys isij ls ?khlkbZ dh tkrh gS vkSj mlds ckn ;g vk;y isaV cqz'k ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA bl isaV dks xkM+k gks rks iryk djus ds fy, rkjihu dk rsy feykdj iryk dj ysuk pkfg,A fQj czq'k }kjk nhokjksa ij gYds gkFk ls iksruk pkfg,A

lko/kkuh

1- bl izdkj jax djus ds i'pkr gkFkksa dks feV~Vh ds rsy ls /kksdj lkcqu ls /kksuk pkfg,A

2- jax djrs oDr eq[k o ukd ij diM+k yxkuk pkfg, ftlls bldh xan 'kjhj dks gkfu ugha gksA

3- jax djus ds i'pkr nks ;k rhu fnu i'pkr dejs dks dk;Z esa ysuk pkfg,A

9-1-8 QuhZpj ikfyf'kax vkSj jaxkbZ

?kj jgus ds fy, gksrk gS ysfdu jgus ds lkFk&lkFk izR;sd euq"; vkjke dh n`f"V ls vkSj lkekftd izfr"Bk dh n`f"V ls mls vPNh rjg ltkus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA ?kj dks ltkus ds fy, cSBd ds dejs QuhZpj dh vko';drk gksrh gSA cPpksa ds i<+us ds fy, Vscy&dqlhZ dh vko';drk

[ 94 ]

vkSj Mªkbax :e dks ltkus ds fy, vPNs lksQklsV dh Hkh vko';drk gksrh gSA edku esa LoPN gok ,oa jks'kuh gsrq f[kM+dh] jks'kunku] pks[kVs njokts] vkyekjh vkfn dh vko';drk gksrh gSA QuhZpj nks izdkj dk gksrk gS ,d ydM+h dk nwljk LVhy dkA QuhZpj dSlk Hkh gks mlds laqnj cuk;s j[kus ,oa mlds fdlh izdkj dhM+s ugha yxs ,oa yksgs dh oLrqvksa ij tax ugha yxsA vr% bUgsa lqjf{kr ,oa vkd"kZd cukus ds fy, bu ij ikWfy'k] okfuZ'k ;k jax jksxu djrs jguk pkfg,A

QuhZpj ij ikWfy'k o jaxkbZ dh lkexzh

1- okfuZ'k 2- jsxekyk 3- dyj isaV

4- isaV czq'k 5- lksMk 6- izkbej

7- rkjfiu vk;y 8- feV~Vh dk rsy 9- LihZV ls cuh dyj ikWfyl

10- e[key dk ckfjd diM+k 11- ihyh lksuk feV~Vh

9-1-9 QuhZpj ij ikWfyf’kax djuk

lcls igys diMs+ ls QuhZpj dks jsr vkfn ls lkQ djuk pkfg,A fQj xje ikuh esa fHkxksdj uje czq'k vFkok diMs+ ds lkcqu yxkdj ;k lksM+k ikuh Mky] gYdk&gYdk jxM+uk pkfg,A ftlls ;fn fpdukbZ ;qDr nkx gks rks lkQ gks tk;sA fQj B.Ms ikuh ls /kksdj lq[kkuk pkfg,A ydM+h ;k QuhZpj lq[kkus ds fy, Nk;k esa j[kuk pkfg,A vxj igys ls ikWfy'k gS rks rkjihu ds rsy dks ikuh esa feykdj ;k ikuh esa fljdk feykdj bl ikuh ls QuhZpj dks lkQ fd;k tkrk gSA vxj QuhZpj ij njkjs ;k Nsn gks rks muds lksuk feV~Vh esa ekse feykdj ;k Qsohdky feykdj Hkj nsuk pkfg, vkSj jsteky ls jxM dj lkQ o fpduk cuk nsuk pkfg,A

ikWfy'k djuk

ikWfyl nks izdkj ls dh tkrh gS LizhV ikWfyl cuh gqbZ cktkj esa dbZ daiuh dh feyrh gSA lcls igys QuhZpj lw[kus ij ,d phuh ds pkSM+s eq[k dVkSj ;k di esa ikWfy'k Mkydj e[key ds diMs+ mlesa fHkxksdj mlesa ml diMs+ ls ydM+h ds QuhZpj ij ikWfy'k djuk pkfg;sA ikWfy’k ,d rjQ gkFk dks pyuk pkfg, bl izdkj ikWfy’k djds QuhZpj dks pedk;k tk ldrk gSA

okfuZl ikWfyl djuk

bl izdkj dh ydM+h dks lkQ djus ds fy, ,d yhVj ikuh esa ,d cM+k pEep isjkfQu Mkydj ?kksy lk cukdj /kksuk pkfg,A /kksus ds ckn ydM+h dks lw[kus nsuk pkfg, fQj bl QuhZpj ij okfuZ'k ;k rkjihu ds rsy esa Mkydj iryk djds mlesa uje cqz'k QuhZpj ij okfuZ'k djuk pkfg,A

9-1-10 QuhZpj ,oa yksgs QuhZpj ij jax djuk

lkQ gq, QuhZpj ij jax ds fy, lcls igys cktkj esa lQsn ;k yksgs ds QuhZpj ij jax djus ds fy, izkbej dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA izkbej lw[kus ds i'pkr QuhZpj ij jax fd;k tkrk gSA jax cktkj esa vyx&vyx dEifu;ksa ds feyrs gSa cktkj ls ftl jax dk QuhZpj ij djuk gS ml jax dk fMCck ykdj cqz'k }kjk jax djuk pkfg, vxj fMCcs dk jax iryk djuk gks rks rkjihu rsy Mkydj iryk djuk pkfg,A bl izdkj QuhZpj ij jax lq[kus ds ckn rhu ckj djuk pkfg,A blls jax esa ped o lkQ ,oa /kCcs jfgr jax gksrk gSA QuhZpj njokts f[kM+fd;k¡ lqanj yxsxhA Q'kZ ij isaV ;k izkbej yx tk;s rks feV~Vh ds rsy ls lkQ dj ysuk pkfg,A gkFk ij isaV yxus ij feV~Vh ds rsy ls lkQ dj mlds i’pkr~ xeZ ikuh o lkcqu ls lkQ djuk pkfg,A

[ 95 ]

yksgs ds QuhZpj ij tax yxk gks rks jsteky ls jxM dj lkQ djuk pkfg;s vkSj ckn esa izkbej mlds ckn ilan dk jax djuk pkfg,A

9-2 pkWd fLVd cukuk Hkkjr fodkl'khy ns'k gSA fodkl ds fy, f'k{kk dk izlkj gksuk furkar vko';d gSA f'k{kk ds fy, fo|ky;ksa] egkfo|ky;ksa dk gksuk vko';d gSA fo|ky;ksa] egkfo|ky;ksa esa f'k{kk nsus ds fy, CySd cksMZ ij fy[kus ds fy, pkWd dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr ds fo|ky;ksa vkSj egkfo|ky;ksa dh la[;k rsth ls c<+ jgh gSA vr% pkWd dh iwfrZ djus ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks pkWd cukuk vkuk pkfg,A

midj.k

1- lkapk pkWd fLVd cukus ds fy, tks lkaps iz;ksx esa ysrs gSa os vf/kdrj ,Y;wfefu;e] ihry] xu esVy ds cus gksrs gSaA ;g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA dqN lkaps uhps ls can gksrs gSa rFkk dqN [kqys gksrs gSaA ,d lkaps esa 100 pkWd ,d lkFk cu tkrh gSA lkapk eq[;r;k 6 IysV dk cuk gksrk gS rFkk ,d iafDr esa 20 pkWd curs gSaA nksuksa fljksa ij lHkh IysVksa esa leku O;kl ds Nsn gksrs gSaA ftlesa cksYV Mkydj uV ds }kjk dl fn;k tkrk gSA

2- Iyk;j & bldk iz;ksx uV cksYV [kksyus o dlus esa fd;k tkrk gSA

3- rlyk & blesa IykLVj vkWQ isfjl dj ?kksy rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA

4- I;kyk & blesa rsy j[kk tkrk gSA

5- czq'k & blls rsy dks [kkaps ij yxk;k tkrk gSA

6- ckYVh & blesa ikuh j[kk tkrk gSA

7- fxn~nh & blds Åij lkaps dks j[kdj elkyk Hkjk tkrk gSA

8- pkdw & blls lkaps dh lQkbZ dh tkrh gSA

9-2-1 lknk pkWd fLVd cukuk

lkexzh & IykLVj vkWQ isfjl 500

[kfM;k 500

ikuh 1 yhVj

rsy 10 xzke] 50 xzke feV~Vh dk rsy 10 xzke

fof/k

lkaps dh IysVksa dks mu ij vafdr Øe la[;k ds vuqlkj tek dj uV cksYV dl nsrs gSaA rRi'pkr mls fxn~nh ij j[kdj cqz'k ds }kjk ml ij rsy yxk nsrs gSaA ftlls lHkh [kM~Mksa esa leku rsy yx tkrk gSA bl rsy dks cukus ds fy, ,d Hkkx lLrk rsy rFkk nks Hkkx feV~Vh dk rsy o ,d Hkkx lkcqu dk ikuh dke esa ysrs gSaA

,d crZu esa ikuh ysdj FkksM+h uhy feyk nsaA uhy feys gq, lok fdyks ikuh ds vanj ,d iko IykLVj vkWQ isfjl rFkk rhu iko [kfM+;k Mkydj gkFk ls ?kksy ysrs gSaA ?kksy esa ikuh dk vuqikr IykLVj vkWQ isfjl dh {kerk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA blds ckn ?kksy dks lkaps esa Mkydj 15&20 feuV ds fy, NksM+ nsrs gSaA bl lkaps ls ?kksy ckgj fxj x;k gks rks lkaps dh lQkbZ dj ysrs gSa blds i'pkr

[ 96 ]

lkaps dks tjk lk Bksdrs gSa rFkk uV [kksydj ,d&,d IysV ls pkWd fudkyrs tkrs gSaA vH;kl gksus ij IysV dks /khes ls Bksdus ij lHkh pkWd uhps fxj tk,xhA vc bl pkWd dks /kwi esa lq[kkus ds fy, j[k nsrs gSaA lq[kus ds ckn isfdax djrs gSaA

9-2-2 jaxhu pkWd fLVd cukuk

jaxh pkWd dh vko';drk Mªkbax] foKku] Hkwxksy fo"k;ksa dks i<+kus esa vf/kd gksrh gSA vr% budks cukus ds fy, ftl jax dh pkWd cukuh gks mlh jax dk lhesaV] dyj] xksan ds ikuh esa feykdj mijksDr fyf[kr fof/k ls pkWd cuk ysaxsA

lko/kkfu;k¡

1- IykLVj vkWQ isfjl ueh lks[kus okyk inkFkZ gSA vr% bls ueh ls cpk;k tkuk pkfg,A

2- /;ku jgs IykLVj vkWQ isfjl dk ?kksy 5&10 feuV ls T;knk le; rd iM+k u jgsA dk;Z tYnh djsa rFkk ?kksy bruk gh rS;kj djs fd ,d ckj esa dke vk tk;saA ;fn ?kksy vf/kd le; iM+k jgk rks [kjkc gks tk,xkA

3- vxj pkWd lgh <ax ls ugha fudyrh gks rks rsy vf/kd ek=k esa yxk,saA

4- ?kksy esa gok ds cqycqys ugha gksA

5- lkaps dks iksyhFkhu ls p<+h xn~nh ij j[ks vU;Fkk ?kksy uhps ls ckgj fudy tkrk gSA

6- dk;Z djus ds i'pkr~ lkaps dks /kksdj j[ksA

7- lkaps ,Y;qehfu;e ds cus gksrs gSaA ftUgsa Bksdus ls VwVus dk Mj cuk jgrk gSA vr% gYdk gh BksdsA

9-3 njh&iV~Vh] vklu vkSj fuokj cukuk 9-3-1 njh&iV~Vh] vklu cukuk

fo|ky; esa ckyd&ckfydkvksa dks cSBus ,oa fcNkus ds fy, njh&iV~Vh ,oa vkluksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS rFkk ?kjksa ij nkor ,oa esgekuksa dks cSBus gsrq njh&iV~Vh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vkluksa dk mi;ksx ?kjksa esa Hktu djrs le; rFkk /kkfeZd dk;ZØeksa rFkk 'kknh&ikfVZ;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA

lkexzh

¼1½ pkj [kwaVs ¼2½ 200 ck¡l ds iksy ¼3½ c;k dh nks iryh etcwr ,oa xksy ydfM+;k¡ ¼4½ iatk ¼5½ ,d xksM+h lsV ¼6½ lwr yisVuh dh ydM+h rFkk dPpk&iDdk lwr vko';drkuqlkjA

lwr

gkFk ls cuk dkyk lwr dke esa fy;k tkrk gSA vktdy fey dk lwr Hkh dke esa fy;k tkrk gSA 4-6 vad ds gkFk ls dVs lwr ds 4 /kkxs vkil esa ,d lkFk cVdj rkus dk lwr rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS rFkk rkuk cukus ds fy, ogh lwr rFkk 8 rkj dk rS;kj dj ysaA rkus dk lwr yxHkx 300 xzke] ,d njh iV~Vh 2" x ½" ds fy, rFkk 800 xzke lwr ckus ds fy, vko';d gSA

;fn fey dk lwr dke ysuk gks rks rkus ds fy, 6" x 3" ;k 6/4, 10/3 vad dk dksbZ lk Hkh lwr cktkj ls 500 xzke [kjhnsa rFkk ckus ds fy, 6 vad dk ,d fdyks lwr ysdj 6 ;k 8 rkj vkil esa feykdj rS;kj dj ysaA ;fn iV~Vh dks jaxhu cukuh gks rks cqukbZ djus ls igys ckus ds lwr dks

[ 97 ]

euilan jax fy;k tk;s o lq[kk;k tk;sA

<+kapk fLFkj djuk

nks ehVj yach njh cukus fy, <kbZ ehVj dh njh ;k vk/kk ehVj pkSM+kbZ ds fglkc ls vkeus&lkeus nks&nks [kwaVs xk<+ nsaA viuh rjQ ls nksuksa [kwaVksa ds ihNs ,d iksy j[k nsA lkeus okys [kwaVksa esa eksVk jLlk ysdj vk/kk ehVj ds Qans esa iksy Qalkdj fLFkj dj nsaA

rkuk cukuk

rkus ds fy, cV yxkdj rS;kj fd, x, lwr dks ys lwr dk eqag igys okys iksy ds xkaB yxkdj cka/k nsa vkSj ckdh lwr dks ysdj lkeus okys nwljs iksy ds Åij ls uhps dh vksj fudkyrs gq, igys okys iksy ij Åij ls uhps fudkysaA bl izdkj ls vko';d /kkxksa dh la[;k pkSM+kbZ esa iwjh dj ysa /kkxs ds chp esa Økl cu tk;sxkA bl izdkj vk/kk ehVj pkSM+kbZ esa 75 ;k 80 rkj rkus ds cukus ls rkuk cu tk;sxkA

c; cukuk

rkus ds /kkxksa dks Åij&uhpk djds chp esa [kkyh LFkku cukus ds fy, c; cukbZ tkrh gSA chp ds cus [kkyh LFkkuksa dks ne ;k 'ksM dgrs gSaA blh [kkyh LFkku esa ckus ds vkMs+ /kkxs Mkys tkrs gSaA

c; cukus ds fy, iryh etcwr c<+h gqbZ Mksjh dke esa ysrs gSaA c; ds Qans Hkh Mksjh dh yackbZ 5 ;k 6 bap ls vf/kd u gksA ;g Qans izR;sd rkus ds rkj ij cuk;s tkrs gSaA bl izdkj ls nksuksa iksyksa dh rjg Åij okys rkjksa ij c; ds Qans cuk;s tkrs gSaA nksuksa c; cu tkus ij izFke iksy dh rjQ ykdj ,d nwljs ds ikl dj nsrs gSaA

cqukbZ djuk

cqukbZ izkajHk djus ls igys bls xksM+h] dks rkus ij j[kdj nksuksa ds vkf[kjh fgLlksa ls FkksMs+ vanj dh rjQ xksM+k xkaB yxkdj eksVh jLlh cka/kh tkrh gSA blh jLlh ds nksuksa Nksjksa dks edksM+h ¼nks MaMh½ ftldh yackbZ vk/kk QhV dh yxHkx gksrh gSA bUgsa xksM+h dh vkM+h ydM+h ij j[kdj lk¶V ls cka/kh xbZ jLlh ls xkaB }kjk cka/k nsrs gSaA vc buds }kjk Åij uhps djds ne ;k 'ksM cukrs gSa A cuk;s x;s esa ckus ds /kkxs Mkydj iats }kjk Bksdrs tkrs gSaA edksMs+ dks Åij uhps djus dh fØ;k ckj&ckj dh tkrh gS vkSj izR;sd ckj ckus dk /kkxk Mkydj Bksduk iM+rk gSA bl izdkj ls cqukbZ dh fØ;k gks tkrh gSA iw.kZ cqukbZ gksus ij dkV dj iV~Vh dks vyx dj nsrs gSaA

blh izdkj vklu dh yackbZ de djds cuk;s tkrs gSaA

lko/kkfu;k¡

1- ne ;k 'kSM cjkcj cuuk pkfg, rkfd ckus dk /kkxk vklkuh ls Mkyk tk ldsA

2- rkuk leku f[kapko esa j[kuk pkfg,A

3- ckus ds /kkxksa dh BqdkbZ cjkcj djuh pkfg, vU;Fkk [kM~Mk cu tk;sxkA

4- ckus ds /kkxksa dks cjkcj pqVdh nsdj Bhd yxkuk pkfg,A

5- laqnj cukus ds fy, leku nwjh ij jaxhu ckus ds /kkxksa dk iz;ksx Hkh djrs jguk pkfg,A

6- jaxhu njh o njh&iV~Vh ,oa vklu cukus gsrq ckus ds lwr dks jax fy;k tkrk gSA

7- njh&iV~Vh ,oa vklu dh izfØ;k ,d gh gSA dsoy yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ esa varj gSA

[ 98 ]

9-3-2 fuokj cukuk

orZeku ;qx esa fuokj dh mi;ksfxrk xjhc o vehj O;fDr dks gksrh gS] D;ksafd xjhc viuh [kkV dh cqukbZ djrk gS rks vehj O;fDr bldks iyax cukus esa ysrk gSA Nk= bldks cukuk lh[kdj vkfFkZd vtZu dj ldrs gSaA

vko';d lkexzh

cVk gqvk vFkok dPpk lwr] fuokj cukus ds vM~Ms] FkIih] [kwaVs vko';drkuqlkj c; cukus ds fy, c<+h gqbZ iryh Mksjh] jaxhu cukuk gks rks jaxk gqvk lwrA

jaxk gqvk lwr

gkFk dk lwr dke esa ysuk gks rks 4] 7 vad ds 4 /kkxs vkil esa feykdj cV dj iDdk /kkxk rS;kj djsaA cktkj ls [kjhn dj ykuk gks rks 6@3 ;k 6@4 uacj dk lwr ysA

1- [kMs+ /kkxksa dks rkuk dgrs gSa tks yackbZ esa gksrs gSA

2- vkMs+ /kkxs & ;s /kkxs pkSM+kbZ esa izR;sd ne ;k 'kSM esa Mkys tkrs gSaA ftUgsa FkIih ls Bksd dj cqukbZ djrs gSaA

vko';d yackbZ esa vkeus&lkeus [kwVs xk<+ nsrs gSaA chp esa 2&4 ehVj ds Qklys ij yht Mkyus ds fy, ,d&,d tksMs+ ds fglkc ls iryh] yach vkSj fpduh ydfM+;k¡ xk<+ nsrs gSaA [kwaVk uacj 1 ij rkus ds igys /kkxksa dh xkaB yxkdj cka/k nsrs gSaA blh ls FkksMs+ Qklys ij fuokj vM+k j[k nsrs gSaA ftl ij fuokj c; cuh gqbZ gksrh gSA rkus dk igys /kkxk vMMs~ dh Åij okyh vkM+h ydM+h ij rks ysrs gq, c; ds Qans ls fudkydj lkeus [kwaVk uacj 2 ds yxkrs gq, [kwaVk ua 1 dh vksj vkrs gSaA vkrs oDr chp esa j[ks vM~Ms+ esa cuh gqbZ c;k ls ysdj Åij okyh vkM+h ydM+h ds uhps okyh vkM+h ydM+h ds Åij ls nks c;ks ds e/; esa [kkyh LFkku ls fudkyrs gq, [kwaVs rd vk tkrs gSaA bl izdkj ls fo"ke rkjksa dks Åij okyh ydM+h ds Åij ls ysrs gq, c;k esa fijksdj fudkyrs gq, [kwaVk ua 2 rd ys tkrs gSaA le rkjksa dks [kwaVk ua 2 esa ysrs gq, 2 c;ka ds e/; ls uhps okyh vkM+h ydM+h ds Åij ls xqtkj dj [kwaVk ua 7 ls cka/k nsrs gSaA bl izdkj ls rkus ds /kkxs nks /kkxksa esa foHkDr gks tkrs gSaA

cquus dh fof/k

c;k esa fijks, x;s /kkxs gh LFkku ij fLFkr jgrs gSaA b/kj&m/kj ugha gks ldrs gSaA c;ka ds e/; esa fy, x, /kkxs gh lh/ks Åij&uhps fd, tkrs gSaA Åij&uhps djus ls /kkxksa esa [kkyh LFkku cu tkrk gSA bls ne ;k 'kSM dgrs gSaA

blh ne esa ckus dk /kkxk Mkydj FkIih dh lgk;rk ls Bksd nsrs gSaA bl izdkj ls ;g fØ;k ckj&ckj djrs jgus ij cqukbZ gksrh jgrh gSA T;ksa gh Bksdus dh fØ;k iw.kZ gks rRdky ne ;k 'kSM cuk pkfg,A cqukbZ djrs le; 3 fØ;k,a dh tkrh gS & ¼1½ ne ;k 'kSM cukuk ¼2½ ckuk Mkyuk ¼3½ Bksduk blesa rhuksa fØ;k;sa ,d&nwljs ij fuHkZj gSA ;fn ,d fØ;k Hkh ugha dh xbZ rks cqukbZ dh fØ;k gksuk vlaHko gSA

lko/kkfu;k¡

1- rkus ds lHkh /kkxs f[kapko esa gksus pkfg,A

2- rkus dk /kkxk VwVus ij rRdky tksM+ nsuk pkfg, vU;Fkk vU; /kkxksa esa Qaldj nwljs /kkxksa dks

[ 99 ]

rksM+ nsxkA

3- rkus ds /kkxksa dh BqdkbZ leku dh tk,A

4- rkus ds /kkxs vkil esa my> x, gks rks mUgsa mlh le; Bhd dj ysaA

5- vM~Ms ij c; cukrs le; xksM+k xkaB dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

6- rkus dk lwr eksVk gksus ij 50] 60 /kkxksa dk rkuk cuk;k tkrk gS] ckjhd gksus ij 100 rkjksa dk gksuk pkfg,A

7- fuokl dh Hkkafr gh ukM+k cquk tkrk gS ijUrq blesa rkus ds /kkxksa dh la[;k de j[kh tkrh gSA

9-4 dqflZ;ksa ij dsfuax vFkok ljdaMs dk dk;Z dqflZ;ksa ij dsfuax IykfLVd ds /kkxs vFkok Mksfj;ksa ls dh tkrh gSA dqflZ;ksa ij dsfuax djus ds fy, loZizFke dqlhZ ds ftu LFkkuksa ij dsfuax dh tkrh gS muds fNnzksa dks lkQ fd;k tkrk gSA blds ckn dsfuax dh tkrh gSA

dsfuax dh lkexzh

1- oLrq dqlhZ ij dsfuax djuk gSA

2- IykfLVd ds rkj ;k Mksjh

3- cSr ds rkj ,oa Mksjh

4- [kw¡Vh rhu

dsfuax cukuk

igys mlds vkMs+ rkjksa dks yxk;k tkrk gS mls ckuk dgrs gSaA fQj yacs rkjksa ;k Mksjh ls yxkdj fMtkbu ds vuqlkj vkMs+ rkjksa esa ls fudkyk tkrk gS vkSj [kw¡Vh ls budks dl fn;k tkrk gSA vxj jaxhu cukuk gks rks jaxhu jaxdj rkj ;k Mksjh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

bl izdkj iw.kZ fMtkbu cquus ds ckn vkMs o yack rkjksa ;k Mksjh ,d dksus esa ys tkdj cka/k fn;k tkrk gSA dsfuax djrs le; ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd u rks dsfuax vf/kd <hyh gks u gh vf/kd dlh gqbZ gksA

vH;kl iz’u&

oLrqfu"B iz’u1- etcwrh ds vk/kkj ij edku fdrus izdkj ds gksrs gSa

¼v½ nks ¼c½ ,d ¼l½ rhu ¼n½ pkj

2- fuEu esa ls D;k QuhZpj ds j[k j[kko esa iz;qDr ugha gksrk gS\

¼v½ jax ¼c½ ikWfy’k ¼l½ Åu ¼n½ okfuZ’k

3- fuokj cukus esa tks /kkxs yEckbZ esa gksrs gSa] os dgykrs gSa\

¼v½ vkM+s /kkxs ¼c½ rkuk ¼l½ ’kSM ¼n½ [kkV

[ 100 ]

4- fuEu esa ls D;k Hkou dks jax djus esa iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS\

¼v½ lk/kkj.k fMLVacj ¼c½ vkW;y fMLVacj

¼l½ okfuZ’k ¼n½ mijksDr lHkh

y?kqÙkjkRed iz’u1- edku dks fdlls iksrk tkrk gS\

2- Hkou dh iqrkbZ o jaxkbZ djuk D;ksa vko’;d gS\

3- Hkou dh nhokjksa ij iqrkbZ djus ds fy, fdu&fdu lkexzh dh vko’;drk gksrh gS\

4- Hkou o iDds edku lqUnj o LoPN j[kus ds fy, fdrus izdkj dk jax fd;k tkrk gS\

5- njh iV~Vh dh D;ksa vko’;drk gksrh gS\

6- njh iV~Vh cukus ds fy, dkSu&lh lkexzh dh vko’;drk gksrh gS\

7- fuokj dk mi;ksx dgk¡ ij fd;k tkrk gS\

fucU/kkRed iz’u1- QuhZpj ij ikWfyf’kax fdl izdkj ls djrs gSa\

2- yksgs ds QuhZpj ij jaxkbZ fdl izdkj ls dh tkrh gS\

3- pkWd fLVd cukus esa dkSu&dkSu ls midj.k mi;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSa\

4- pkWd fLVd cukus dh fof/k dks fyf[k,A

5- pkWd fLVd cukrs le; dkSu&dkSu lh lko/kkfu;k¡ j[kuh pkfg,\

6- rkuk dSl cuk;k tkrk gS\

7- njh iV~Vh cukrs le; dkSu&lh lko/kkfu;k¡ j[kuh pkfg,\

8- fuokj cukrs le; dkSu&dkSu lh lko/kkfu;k¡ j[kuh pkfg,\

mÙkjekyk ¼oLrqfu"B iz’u½ %1- ¼v½ 2- ¼l½ 3- ¼c½ 4- ¼n½

[ 101 ]

¼[k½ ik¡p fnolh; f’kfoj

ik¡p fnolh; f’kfoj dk vk;kstu fo|ky;ksa esa d{kk 9oha o 10oha ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, la;qDr :Ik ls fd;k tkrk gSA f’kfoj esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls djok;s tkus okys fofHkUu dk;ksZ dk foLr`r fooj.k ek/;fed f’k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku dh gh lektksi;ksxh mRiknd dk;Z ,oa lekt lsok ¼d{kk 9½ esa fn;k x;k gS rFkkfi f’kfoj dh egÙkk rFkk mlds vk;kstu ls lEcaf/kr vko’;d rF; ;gk¡ iqu% izLrqr fd, tk jgs gSaA

f’kfoj dk egÙo &lektksi;ksxh mRiknd dk;Z ,oa lekt lsok fo"k; ds vUrxZr d{kk&dk;Z ls vf/kd

egRoiw.kZ dk;Z f'kfoj dk vk;kstu gSA Nk= dks mlds dÙkZO;ksa dk cks/k djkus ds lkFk lekt ds izfr mlds vfLrRo dk Kku djkus] mls Je dh egÙkk ls ifjfpr j[krs gq, mlesa fNih vlhe fuekZ.k&'kfDr ls mls Lo;a dks voxr djkuk f'kfoj vk;kstu dk eq[; mís'; gSA ikjLifjd lkSgknzZ] ln~Hkko ,oa jk"Vªh;&,drk ds fopkjksa dk vadqj.k Hkh f'kfoj&thou ls gksrk gS vkSj lcls cM+h ckr gS fd LokoyEcu dh Hkkouk dks blls cy feyrk gSA ,sls vk;kstu ls lkaLd`frd :fp dk ifj"dj.k vkSj usr`Ro ds xq.kksa dk fodkl djus esa Hkh f'kfoj ds vk;kstu lg;ksxh fl) gksrs gSaA

f’kfoj dk vk;kstu f’kfoj dk la;kstu] lapkyu ,oa fu"iknu Hkh O;ofLFkr :i ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl gsrq ,d f'kfoj&lapkyu lfefr cuk ysuh pkfg,A blesa] tgk¡ f'kfoj yxk;k tkrk gS] ogk¡ ds LFkkuh; O;fDr@vf/kdkjh lfEefyr dj fy, tkus pkfg,A

f'kfoj&LFky dk pquko iwjh lko/kkuh ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ik¡p fnolh; f'kfoj vk;kstu ds fy, vko';d ;g gS fd LFkku lHkh n`f"V ls lqjf{kr gksA ogk¡ fctyh] ikuh vkSj vkokl dh lqfo/kk gks] fpfdRlk dh lqfo/kk Hkh gks vkSj vkoklh;&LFky ds fudV gh f'kfoj&LFky gksA

vkokxeu ds lk/kuksa dh leqfpr miyfC/k gks] oSls vuqdwy rks ;g gS fd f'kfojksa dk vk;kstu vius fo|ky; LFky ls nwjh ij gh fd;k tkuk pkfg,] rkfd laHkkfx;ksa dks u;kiu yxus ds lkFk mRlkg ls f'kfoj&dk;Z djus dh izjs.kk fey ldsA ;fn ckgj tkuk laHko u gks] rks vlqfo/kkvksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ckgj gh f'kfoj yxkuk vko';d ugha gSA ,sls f'kfoj fo|ky; izkax.k esa] fo|ky; izkax.k ds fudV] fdlh vU; lkoZtfud LFkku] /keZ'kkyk] iapk;r&Hkou] lkeqnkf;d euksjatu dsUnz vkfn esa vk;ksftr fd;s tk ldrs gSA

,sls f'kfoj vk;kstuksa dh lwpuk de ls de iUnzg fnu iwoZ ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj ,oa lEcfU/kr ftyk f'k{kk vf/kdkjh dks vko';d :i ls Hkst nsuh pkfg,A f'kfoj esa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ds okrkZdkjksa] fof'k"V vfrfFk;ksa ,oa vfHkHkkodksa dks iwoZr% vkeaf=r dj fy;k tkuk pkfg,] rkfd fo|kFkhZ vf/kd ls vf/kd ykHkkfUor gks ldsA

f'kfoj esa lkeqfgd :i ls jguk] vizR;{k :i esa Nk=ksa esa ikfjokfjd Lusg] vuq'kklu ,oa O;ofLFkr thou;kiu djus ds Hkko lEizsf"kr djrk gSA O;fDrxr lkeqnkf;d fgrkFkZ dk;Z djus dh

[ 102 ]

izsj.kk iznku djrk gSA blh ds lkFk usr`Ro&{kerk dk fodkl djrk gSA

f'kfoj vk;kstu dks Hkh fuf'pr y{;ksa dh iwfrZ gsrq ,d lk/kuk ds :i esa Lohdkjk x;k gSA bldh vUrxZr Hkh pkj {ks=ksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA

{ks= [ I ] & lkeqnkf;d lsok dk;Z djuk¼1½ LFkkuh; lUnHkZ esa lkekftd psruk ,oa jk"Vªh; psruk dk;Z tSls & Vhdksa dk Kku] lk{kjrk dk

izlkj] vYi cpr] LokLF; Kku] i;kZoj.k ,oa iznw"k.k] lgdkfjrk vkSj ukekadu vkfnA

¼2½ o`{kkjksi.k ,oa jksfir o`{kksa dh lqj{kk dk;ZA

¼3½ lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dh lQkbZ] iu?kV dh lQkbZ ,oa ikuh ds xM~<+ksa esa fQukby ,oa dsjkslhu MkyukA

¼4½ f'kfoj LFky dh lQkbZ vkSj mudk lkSUn;hZdj.kA

¼5½ Hkkstu cukuk] Hkkstu ijkslus dh lsok,¡] ty rFkk izdk'k O;oLFkkA

¼6½ lsok dk;Z & o`)kJe] vukFkky;] n`';kuqHkwfr o laosnu gsrq Hkze.k o lsok dk;ZA

¼7½ esys] R;kSgkj] lEesyu esa ty O;oLFkrk] okgu O;oLFkk o inos'k ¼twrksa½ O;oLFkkA

{ks= [ III ]losZ{k.k ,oa ladyu dk;Z¼1½ losZ{k.k ,oa vkys[k rS;kj djuk% lkekftd dqVhj m|ksx ?kjsyw m|ksx LFkkuh; d`f"k Hkwfe mit]

fofHkUu O;olk; yksd dFkk] yksd xhr] eqgkojs yksdksfDr;k¡] fuj{kjrk] fo|ky; ifjR;kx djus okys Nk=] Vhds yxs f'k'kq] [ksyksa esa n{k O;fDr] f'kf{kr ckfydk,¡] csjkstxkj O;fDr vkfnA

¼2½ ladyu dk;Z ,oa vkys[k rS;kj djukA

¼3½ i;kZoj.k v/;;u ¼HkkSxksfyd] izkd`frd] lkekftd] ,sfrgkfld ,oa iznw"k.k lEcU/kh½

{ks= [ II ] & jk"Vªh; HkkoukRed ,drk izk;kstuk dk;Zbl {ks= dh izo`fÙk;kssa dk mís'; Nk=ksa esa jk"Vªh; HkkoukRed ,drk dk fodkl djuk gS] bl

iz;kstu dh iwfrZ ds fy, izo`fÙk;k¡ dh fØ;kfUofr fuEukafdr nks i{kksa dks vk/kkj cukdj nh tk ldrh gS &

¼1½ egkiq:"kksa ds thou pfj= ls lEcfU/kr izo`fÙk;k¡

¼d½ f'kfoj esa lEHkkxh Nk=ksa ds ny dk ukekadu egkiq:"kksa ds uke ij djukA

¼[k½ lEcfU/kr egkiq:"kksa ds thou pfj= ij okÙkkZ,¡ vk;ksftr djukA

¼x½ lEcfU/kr egkiq:"kksa ds dFku lwfDr;k¡] fopkjksa vkfn dk ladyu djukA

¼?k½ lEcfU/kr egkiq:"kksa ds thou o`Ùk mYys[kuh; ?kVukvksa dk ys[ku ,oa fp=.k rFkk fp= laxzg djukA

¼³½ lEcfU/kr egkiq:"kksa dh thouo`Ùk dh egRoiw.kZ ?kVukvksa dh >kadh izLrqr djukA

¼2½ ns'k dh fofHkUu jkT;ksa dh lkaLd`frd /kjksgj ls lEcfU/kr izo`fÙk;k¡

¼d½ f'kfoj esa laHkkxh Nk=ksa ds izR;sd ny dk Lo;a dks ,d jkT; fo'ks"k ls lEcU/k djukA

¼[k½ lEcfU/kr jkT; dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr dk vadu] fp=.k ,oa ys[ku

[ 103 ]

¼x½ lEcfU/kr jkT; ds fof'k"V LFkkuksa ls lEcfU/kr vkys[k rS;kj djukA

¼?k½ lEcfU/kr jkT; ds lkaLd`frd :iksa dh izLrqfr;ksa os'kHkw"kk] vfHku; xk;u] >k¡dh] u`R;] laokn fp=.k] jhfr&fjokt vkfnA

{ks= [ IV ] & lkaLd`frd ,oa euksjatu dk;Z¼1½ lkaLd`frd dk;ZØe & u`R;] lkewfgd xhr] ,dkadh] ,dkfHku; izn'kZu vkfnA

¼2½ lkfgfR;d dk;ZØe & dfork ikB] okn&fookn] leL;kiwfÙkZ] y?kq&dFkk] dFku] pqVdqys vkfnA

¼3½ dSEiQk;j ¼laokn] yksdxhr] yksd Hktu] u`R; o vU; dk;ZØe½

¼4½ ;ksxkH;kl] O;k;ke ,oa jkspd [ksyA

mi;qZDr lkaLd`frd ,oa euksjatukRd dk;ZØeksa ds vUrxZr jk"Vªh; psruk ,oa lekt lq/kkj] ls lEcfU/kr dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;s tk;sA nSfud dk;ZØe esa O;k;ke ls iwoZ iz.ko /ofu rFkk 'k;u ls iwoZ dk;ksZRlxZ rFkk izs{kk/;ku lfEefyr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

f'kfoj&dk;ZØe

f'kfoj dks vfUre :i rks cgqr igys ls ns nsuk pkfg,] rkfd f'kfoj vkjEHk ls gh O;ofLFkr ,oa fof/kor~ :i ls lapkfyr gks rFkk lEiw.kZ le; dk lnqi;ksx gks ldsA

bl gsrq f'kfoj dh okLrfod frfFk;ksa dh ?kks"k.kk izkFkZuk&lHkk esa djus ds lkFk lwpuk iV ij vafdr dj nsuh pkfg,A

ik¡p fnolh; f'kfojksa ds vk;kstu lEcU/kh lEiw.kZ izfØ;k iwoZr% iwjh dj ysuh pkfg, rkfd Nk=ksa ds igq¡pus ls ysdj okilh rd ds mRikn] mi;ksxh dk;Z ls tqM+s jgsaA

f'kfoj esa vk;ksT; pkj ifj{ks=ksa dks leLr xfrfof/k;ksa dks bl izdkj le; foHkkx pØ esa lfEefyr dj fy;k tkuk pkfg, fd laHkkxh lewps le; vius dks fdlh u fdlh dk;Z esa O;Lr gqvk ik;sA

f'kfoj lapkyu dk nSfud dk;ZØe fuEukafdr :i ls izLrkfor gSA f'kfoj dh fofHkUu izo`fÙk;ksa ds fy;s tks vof/k fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gSA mlesa deh fd;s fcuk LFkku ekSle ,oa ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj ifjorZu fd;k tk ldrk gSA

nSfud dk;ZØeizFke fnol%&

izkr% 10-00 cts ls 12-00 cts rd & fo|ky; ifjlj esa ,df=r gksuk] f'kfoj lkexzh O;ofLFkr dj f'kfoj LFky rd ds tkus dk nkf;Ro foHkkftr djukA

12-00 cts ls 3-00 cts rd & f'kfoj LFky ij mi lewgokj vkokl O;oLFkkA

[ 104 ]

3-00 cts ls 5-00 cts rd & izFke lEesyu] fo|ky; /otkjksg.k ,oa f'kfoj ifjp;] vko';d funsZ'k] losZ{k.k dk;Z foHkktuA

5-00 cts ls 6-00 cts rd & [ksy&dwnA

6-00 cts ls 8-00 cts rd & Hkkstu ¼lkFk yk;k gqvk½A

jkf= 8-00 cts ls 10-00 cts rd & lkaLd`frd ,oa lkfgfR;d dk;Z dh rS;kjhA

jkf= 10-00 cts & 'k;u ¼bZ'oj Lrqfr ds N% osn ea= ikB½

f}rh; fnol

izkr% 4-30 cts & tkxj.k ¼bZ'oj Lrqfr ds ik¡p osn ea=½

izkr% 4-30 cts ls 6-00 cts rd & fuR; deZA

izkr% 6-00 cts ls 6-30 cts rd & izHkkr Qsjh ¼bZ'oj Hktu ds lkFk½A

izkr% 6-30 cts ls 7-30 cts rd & lkeqfgd O;k;ke ¼lw;Z ueLdkj vkfn½ izk.kk;ke o ;ksxk dk;ZØeA

izkr% 7-30 cts ls 8-15 cts rd & vkokl LFky dh lQkbZ ,oa ltkoV rFkk vYikgkjA

izkr% 8-15 cts ls 8-45 cts rd & f'kfoj fujh{k.k o ewY;kaduA

izkr% 8-45 cts ls 9-30 cts rd & izkFkZuk] /otkjksgj.k] vkt dk fopkj] dk;ZØe funsZ'ku

izkr% 9-30 cts ls 11-30 cts rd & losZ{k.k dk;Z ladyu ¼ns'kHkDrksa dh thouh½ lEidZ dk;Z ifjos'k ,oa i;kZoj.k v/;;u ¼izHkkjh lqfo/kkuqlkj dk;Z foHkktu djs½A

nksigj 11-30 cts 1-30 cts rd & Hkkstu o LukuA

1-30 cts ls 2-15 cts rd & foJke o ladyu ¼ns'kHkDrksa dh thouh½ losZ{k.k dk;Z dks fyf[kr :i nsuk ,oa izHkkjh }kjk ewY;kaduA

3-00 cts ls 4-00 cts rd & dkS'ky lEcU/kh ,oa KkukRed dk;ZA

4-00 cts ls 4-30 cts rd & vYikgkj

4-30 cts ls 5-30 cts rd & dkS'ky lEcU/kh vH;kl dk;ZA

5-30 cts ls 6-30 cts rd & [ksydwnA

6-30 cts ls 7-30 cts rd & HkkstuA

7-30 cts ls 8-00 cts rd & lkaLd`frd dk;ZØe rS;kjhA

8-00 cts ls 10-00 cts rd & lkaLd`frd dk;ZØe izn'kZuA

jkf= 10-00 cts & 'k;u ¼bZ'oj Lrqfr ds N% osn ea= ikB½

uksV%& vkokl LFky dh LoPNrk] ty O;oLFkk] Hkkstu cukus dk dk;Z] vYikgkj rS;kj djuk o mldk

[ 105 ]

foLrkj dk;Z mi lewgokj gksxk ftlesa Øe'k% izR;sd Nk= laHkkxh cusxkA

r`rh; ,oa prqFkZ fnol

r`rh; vkSj prqFkZ fnu ds fy;s f'kfoj dk;ZØe vof/k] f}rh; fnu dh Hkk¡fr izkr% 4-00 cts ls jkf= 10-00 cts rd ;Fkkor jgsxhA izfrfnu ds vko';d dk;Z ;Fkkor le;kuqlkj gksaxsA

izkr% 9-30 cts ls 11-30 cts rd

nksigj 2-00 cts ls 4-00 cts rd

rFkk 4-30 cts ls 5-30 cts rd

dh vof/k esa izfrfnu dk;Z esa ifjorZu gksxkA blesa lkeqnkf;d lsok dk;Z rFkk jkLrksa o ukfy;ksa dk lq/kkj] lM+d fuekZ.k dk;Z o`{kkjksi.k uo jksfir o`{kksa dh lqj{kk dk;Z] lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa ds mUewyu gsrq iksLVj vkfnA

iape fnol

izkr% 5-00 cts & tkxj.k

izkr% 5-00 cts ls 6-00 cts rd & fuR; deZ fuo`fÙkA

izkr% 6-00 cts ls 6-30 cts rd & ns'kHkfDr xhr o bZ'oj HkfDr HktuA

izkr% 6-30 cts ls 7-30 cts rd & lw;Z ueLdkj ¼O;k;ke½] izk.kk;ke] ;ksx dk;ZØeA

izkr% 7-30 cts ls 8-15 cts rd & vYikgkj vkokl LFky dh lQkbZA

izkr% 8-15 cts ls 8-45 cts rd & f'kfoj fujh{k.k o ewY;kaduA

izkr% 8-45 cts ls 9-30 cts rd & izkFkZuk] /otkjksgj.k] funsZ'k vkfnA

izkr% 9-30 cts ls 10-30 cts rd & dkS'ky lEcU/kh dk;ZA

nksigj 10-30 cts 12-30 cts rd & Hkkstu] Mk;jh ys[kuA

nksigj 12-30 cts ls 1-30 cts rd & lekiu lekjksg dh rS;kjh ,oa izn'kZuh yxkukA

1-30 cts ls 3-00 cts rd & lekiu lekjksgA

3-00 cts ls 4-00 cts rd & izLFkku dh rS;kjhA

lk;a 4-00 cts & izLFkku

dk;Z foHkktu

¼v½ Nk= okj & izR;sd milewg esa dk;Z foHkktu fuEukuqlkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlesa fd ckjh&ckjh ls lHkh Nk=ksa dks lHkh izdkj ds dk;Z lh[kus ds volj fey ldsA blds fy, mi lewg esa Nk=ksa dh la[;k ds vuqlkj Øekad fuf'pr dj ysuk pkfg,] rkfd le; foHkkx pØ esa uke ds LFkku ij Øekad vafdr fd;k tk ldsA

[ 106 ]

dk;Z foHkktu] le; foHkkx pؼ10 Nk=ksa ds mi lewg dk½

fnu nksigj lk;a jlksbZ ds crZuksa ty lsok lQkbZ

dk dk dh lQkbZ O;oLFkk dk;Z

dk;Z Hkkstu Hkkstu nksigj lk;a

igyk fnu & & & & 9] 10 9] 10 lHkh

nwljk fnu 1] 2 3] 4 8] 10 1] 2 5] 6 7] 8 lHkh

rhljk fnu 5] 6 9] 10 7] 8 5] 6 1] 2 3] 4 lHkh

pkSFkk fnu 9] 10 1] 2 1] 2 9] 10 3] 4 5] 6 lHkh

ik¡pok fnu 3] 4 & 3] 4 & 7] 8 1] 2 lHkh

gLrk{kj lewg vf/kdkjh gLrk{kj milewg uk;d

;g dk;Z foHkktu pØ izR;sd milewg esa izlkfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg,] rkfd ns[kdj dk;Z dj ldsaA

¼c½ mi lewgokj & f'kfoj ds dqN lsok dk;Z tSls QLVZ ,M] Mkd&lsok] fo|ky; ds /ot dks vkjksg.k ds fy, rS;kj djuk] lw;kZLr ls iwoZ mls mrkjuk] izkFkZuk LFky dh lQkbZ] euksjatukRed dk;ZØe dh O;oLFkk mi lewgokj djuh pkfg,A mi lewgokj dk;Z foHkktu dh lwpuk izkFkZuk LFky ds lwpuk iÍ ij yxk nsuh pkfg,A blds fy, mi lewgksa dks ladsrk{kj vkoafVr dj dk;Z foHkktu djrs gq, le;&foHkkx pØ esa vafdr dj nsuk pkfg,A

dk;Z forj.k dk le; foHkkx pØ fuEukuqlkj gks ldrk gSA

lsok dk;ksZ dk mi lewgokj foHkktu pؼN% mi lewg dk½

fnu Mkd QLVZ /ot izkFkZuk euksjatu ty lsok

lsok ,M lsok LFky dh dk;ZØe

lQkbZ O;oLFkk izFke f}rh;

dk;Z l= l=

igyk fnu A B C D E - F

nwljk fnu F A B C D E E

rhljk fnu E F A B C D D

pkSFkk fnu D E F A B+F C C

ik¡pok fnu B+C C+D D+E F A+E A B

gLrk{kj lewg vf/kdkjh gLrk{kj milewg uk;d

[ 107 ]

ewY;kadulektksi;ksxh mRiknd dk;Z ,oa lekt lsok fo"k; ds vUrxZr Nk= }kjk fd;s x;s dk;Z dk

iwjk forj.k j[kus ds lkFk mldk fu;fer ewY;kadu Hkh fd;k tkrk jgsxkA

ik¡p fnolh; f'kfoj nksuksa l=ksa esa dHkh Hkh vk;ksftr fd;k tk ldsxkA rFkk d{kkUrxZr vf/kxe dk;Z gsrq fu/kkZfjr d{kk dkyka'kksa esa gh lEiUu fd;k tkosxkA d{kk&vUrxZr vf/kxe dk;ksZa vkSj f'kfojkUrxZr deksZ dk ewY;kadu lektksi;ksxh mRiknd dk;Z ,oa lekt lsok fo"k; esa fu/kkZfjr i)fr ls gh lEiUu fd;k tkosxkA

Lrj fu/kkZj.k bl vk/kkj ij fd;k tk;sxkA

81 & 100% & mRd`".k

61 & 80% & cgqr vPNk

41 & 60% & vPNk

21 & 40% & lkekU;

0 & 20% & lkekU; ls uhps

izkIr vadksa ds izfr'kr ij Nk= dk Lrj fu/kkZj.k fd;s tkus ds mijkUr mls Js.kh esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k tk;sxkA

Lrj lexz Js.kh

1- mRd`"V & v

2- cgqr vPNk & c

3- vPNk & l

4- lkekU; & n

5- lkekU; ls uhps & bZ

;g lexz&Js.kh izR;sd Nk= ds ewY;kadu izi= esa vafdr dj cksMZ dks Hkst nh tk;sxhA blh lexz&Js.kh mYys[k cksMZ }kjk] lSd.Mjh Ldwy ijh{kk ds fn;s tkus okys izek.k&i= esa jgsxkA

lektksi;ksxh ̂mRiknd dk;Z ,oa lekt lsok* fo"k; ds vUrxZr fu/kkZfjr dkyka'kksa dk dk;Z iw.kZ fd;s tkus ij gh izR;sd fu;fer vH;FkhZ dks lSd.Mjh Ldwy ijh{kk esa izfof"V gksus dh vuqefr nh tk;sxhA 'kkyiz/kku ;g izekf.kr djsaxs fd mudh laLFkku ls lSd.Mjh Ldwy ijh{kk esa izfo"V gksus okys vH;FkhZ ls mDr vfuok;Z fo"k; ds vUrxZr visf{kr fu/kkZfjr dk;Z iwjk dj fy;k x;k gSA

Nk=ksa dks muds }kjk d{kk esa fd;s x;s dk;Z o ,d f'kfoj dk;Z ds vk/kkj ij vad iznku dj fn;k tk;sxkA bl Lrj fu/kkZj.k ds mijkUr ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ dks Nk= dh lexz Js.kh ls ekg Qjojh ds vUr rd voxr djk fn;k tk;sxk ftldk mYys[k Nk= ds lSd.Mjh Ldwy ijh{kk ds izek.k i= esa fd;k tk;sxkA

f'kfoj esa izR;sd f'kfoj izHkkjh izfrfnu Nk=ksa dk ewY;kadu djrk jgs rkfd f'kfoj lekfIr ij f'kfojkfFkZ;ksa ds ewY;kadu dk lesfdr vfHkys[k pkjksa {ks=ksa esa iwoZ gks ldsA

f'kfoj esa izfrfnu izkr% dky f'kfoj LFky dk mi lewgokj fujh{k.k fd;k tk;sA fujh{k.k esa

[ 108 ]

O;fDrxr lQkbZ] Nk= iks'kkd] vkokl LFky dh lQkbZ ,oa lTtk] jlksbZ LFky dh lQkbZ] crZuksa dh lQkbZ fcLrj ys vkuk vkfnA

f'kfoj dk izFke fnu mn~?kkVu vkSj vfUre fnu lekiu lekjksg ds :i esa vk;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,sls f'kfojksa esa Nk=ksa }kjk fd;s tk jgs fuekZ.k mRiknu ,oa lekt lsok ds dk;ksZa dh vfHkHkkod dks fn[kk;k tkuk pkfg;s] rkfd os Hkh f'k{kk ds ifjorZu Lo:i ls ifjfpr gks ldsA

f'kfoj ds vUrxZr laHkkxh }kjk fd;s x; dk;Z dk ys[kk&tks[kk j[kus ds lkFk ewY;kadu Hkh fd;k tkuk pkfg,] D;ksafd blh ewY;kadu ds vk/kkj ij Nk= dh lexz Js.kh cu ldsxhA

egRoiw.kZ vfHkys[k izi=ksa ds izk:i

ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ viuh lSd.Mjh Ldwy ijh{kk esa fu;fer Nk=ksa dks rHkh izos'k nsxkA tc laLFkk iz/kku ;g izek.k&i= izLrqr dj nsxk fd Nk= ds d{kkUrxZr vf/kxe dk;Z ,oa f'kfoj esa Hkkx ysdj f'kfoj&dk;Z iwjk dj fy;k gSA

,slk izek.k i= nsus ls iwoZ izR;sd Nk= dk iw.kZ vfHkys[k fo|ky; esa j[kk tkuk vko';d gSA

f'kfoj vk;kstu dh lwpuk dk izi=f'kfoj vk;kstu ls 15 fnu iwoZ cksMZ dks fuEufyf[kr izi= Hkj dj Hkstuk pkfg,A

fo|ky; dk uke & ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LFkku & ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ftyk & ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------fo|ky; ls f’kfoj LFky dh nwjh & -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

f'kfoj LFky f'kfoj vof/k f'kfoj esa Hkkx f'kfoj esa Hkkx fo'ks"k

fnukad --------------- ls ysus okys Nk= ysus okys fooj.k

fnukad -------------- rd &Nk=kvksa dh v/;kidksa dh

d{kkuqlkj la[;k la[;k

1 2 3 4 5

1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

LFkku ----------------------- fnukad --------------------

[ 109 ]

f'kfoj lekfIr ij cksMZ ,oa foHkkx dks Hksts tkus okys izfrosnu dk izi=

f'kfoj izfrosnu1- fo|ky; dk uke

2- ftyk

3- f'kfojkf/kifr dk uke

4- f'kfoj lapkyd dk uke] in ,oa ;ksX;rk

5- f'kfoj LFky dk irk ,oa nwjh

6- f'kfoj vof/k ---------------------------- ] fnukad ------------------------- ls fnukad ----------------------- rd

7- f'kfojkfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k--------------------

d{kk d{kk esa dqy f'kfoj esa Hkkx ysus vuqifLFkr f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa fo'ks"k

f'k{kkFkhZ dh okyksa dh la[;k dh la[;k fooj.k

Nk= Nk=k Nk= Nk=k Nk= Nk=k

9

10

;ksx

8- f'kfoj&lapkyu esa lg;ksx nsus okyksa dk fooj.k&

¼v½ iw.kZ le; f'kfoj esa jgus okys f'k{kdksa dh la[;k &

v/;kid -------------------- v/;kfidk ---------------------- dqy la[;k ----------------------

¼c½ vkaf'kd :i ls jgus okys f'k{kdksa dh la[;k &

v/;kid -------------------- v/;kfidk ---------------------- dqy la[;k ----------------------

¼l½ foHkkx }kjk izfrfu;qfDr ij vk;s f'k{kdksa dk fooj.k &

Ø-la- uke o irk muds }kjk vk;ksftr vf/kxe dk;Z

1-

2-

3-

9- vf/kxe dk;ksZa dk fooj.k

Ø-la- vf/kxe dk;Z le; tks Hkkx ysus okyksa vuqekfur

fn;k x;k dh la[;k miyfC/k

1-

2-

3-

4-

[ 110 ]

10- f'kfoj esa vk;ksftr okrkZvksa dk fooj.k

Ø-la- okrkZdkj dk dke in dk uke okrkZ dk fo"k;

1-

2-

3-

4-

11- f'kfoj esa dfBukb;ksa dk fooj.k&

1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

12- f'kfoj esa vk;s vfrfFk;ksa dk fooj.k &

¼v½ f'kfoj esa vk;s vfrfFk;ksa ds uke o in ftUgksaus f'kfoj dk voyksdu fd;k gS &

1- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

¼c½ vfHkHkkodksa dh la[;k ----------------

¼l½ vU; vfrfFk;ksa dh la[;k ---------------

13- f'kfoj ds lEcU/k esa laLFkk iz/kku dk vfHker &

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gLrk{kj f'kfoj lapkyd gLrk{kj laLFkk iz/kku

fnukad ------------------------ e; eqgj

[ 111 ]