Futuristic Sustainable Glazing International Conference on Green Buildings October 2013, Chennai Francis Serruys Arch. Projects Market and R&D Director Agenda Introduction Static solutions Coated glass Energy efficiency Daylighting Dynamic glass Eclectrochromic glass Life Cycle Analysis Conclusion
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Futuristic Sustainable Glazing
International Conference on Green Buildings
October 2013, Chennai
Francis SerruysArch. Projects Market and R&D Director
Agenda
Introduction
Static solutionsCoated glass
Energy efficiency
Daylighting
Dynamic glassEclectrochromic glass
Life Cycle Analysis
Conclusion
INTRODUCTIONWhat does it mean “sustainability”?
“Sustainable development is
development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet
their own needs”
Bruntland report, 1987
Sustainability
Sustainability
5
sustainable
SOCIAL
ECONOMYENVIRONMENT
fair
viable
SOCIAL
� Recruitment and non-discrimination
� Diversity
� Training
� Health and safety…
ECONOMY
� Transparency
� Governance
� Business ethics
� Fight against
corruption…
ENVIRONMENT
� Natural resources
management
� Energy
� Water
� Bio-diversity
� Emissions
� Waste…
livable
Global warming-> ↑ in temperature from 1.8 to 4°C by 2100-> Greenland melting = ↑ in sea-level by 7m
Air, soil and water pollution-> 1 year lost by every European due to air pollution-> 25% of Europe’s waterways polluted at an
extreme level
The environment, THE challenge!
6
Water stress-> By 2025, the share of the world’s population living in water stress areas will go up by 35 %(i.e. 1/3 of the global population)-> Over one billion people will lack water
by 2050
Progression de l'empreinte ecologique de l'Humanité*
Pressure on the world's naturalresources
-> 4.5 planets required (if US model)
-> 2030: need for 2 planets
Deteriorating biodiversity-> 22% of mammals endangered or extinct-> Insect pollenization = €153Bn/year of
revenues in fruit and vegetables
Waste production-> Half a ton of waste per person and per
year in Europe-> 60% still put in landfills or incinerated
The environment, THE challenges!
7
It represents:
-> + 50% of all materials extracted on earth
-> 44% of total European energyconsumption
-> about one third of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, ..) in Europe
-> 33% of waste generated in Europe
And the building sector in all that?
8
Source: Glass for Europe
Challenges for Architectural Glass
1. Energy Efficiency
2. Daylighting
3. Overall comfort
STATIC SOLUTIONSCoated glass
Light and Solar Energy
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500Wavelength (nm)
sola
r en
ergy
(W
/m²)
760380
UV visible Infra-red55%42%3%
Combining g & LT
Optimal characteristics in hot climates
Solar factor g solar heat gain coefficient SHGC
Ligh
t Tra
nsm
ittan
ce L
T
10.5
0.5
1
0
Optimal characteristics in Northern areas
Actual situation
0.5 1
1
0.5
0g
LT
Body tinted glass
Pyrolitic solar control glass
Winter
Sum
mer
Off-line solar control coated glass – High reflective
Monolithic / dgu
GlassSolar Reflective Glass
Coating stacks
Ag
Verre
Total thickness of the coating < 1000 Å or 100 nm
Single Silver Coated Glass
(Solar & Thermal)
Coating stack – double and triple silver layered coatings
Ag - Silver
Verre
Total thickness of the coating < 2000 Å or 200 nm
Solar Control Coated glass
0.5 1
1
0.5
0g
LT
Body tinted glass
Pyrolitic solar control glass
Off-line solar control coated glass – High Reflective
Monolithic / dgu
Off-line solar control coated glass – High Performance
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
70
20 25 30 35 40 45
solar factor (g)
light
tran
smis
sion
(%
)Triple silver high performance coatings
Double silver coated glass
Triple silver coated glass
Evolution of the very high selective and high selec tive range
Triple silver coated glass
ENERGY EFFICIENCYDouble or triple glazing units?
Methodology
Sensitivity studyBuilding parameters :
Global level of insulation * 2
Glazed surface *3
Shape of the room *2
Orientation: Northern & Southern
No shading devices
Climates: Paris, Strasbourg, La Rochelle, Nice, Carpentras
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4*5m
20m²
4*8m
32m²
11,5 m² ����wwr 80%
4,3 m² ���� wwr 30%
7,2 m² ���� wwr 50%
Main results – DGU vs TGU with both a high performance solar control coating
LSG = ratio of visible light transmittance to the Solar
Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) or solar factor g
= LT/SHGC
= LSG ⇒⇒⇒⇒ the more efficient the glazing is
as a light source
Overall efficiency – Selectivity - LSG
Body tinted glass
Pyrolitic solar control glass
Off-line solar control coated glass – High Reflective
0.5 1
1
0.5
0g
LT
Off-line solar control coated glass – High Performance
Selectivity< 1
<1
~1~1.4
~1.8~2.1
Glass so cool it draws a crowdso smart it belongs in the boardroomso brilliant it’s destined to be a masterpiece. . . and preserves your view and connection to the outdoors
ACTIVE GLAZINGA look into the future?
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Fac
ade
tech
nolo
gy
Annual Energy Usage, Quads
HeatingCoolingLighting
Dynamic low-e
Integrated Insulating Dynamic Façades
Average Properties of Windows Sold Today
Highly Insulating Dynamic Windows
Triple pane low-e
Low-e
Current Building Stock
Impact of Façade Technologies on Energy Usage in US Building Stock
Arasteh et al., LBNL report number 60049
Active glazing : technologies
Suspended particle device
Photochromic
Thermotropic
Electrochromic
Suspended Particle Device (SPD – system)
Mechanism� Particles in a film are oriented perpendicular to
it’s surface by an electrical field
properties
light
lightLight blueTransparent
Dark blueTransparent
elektrischeSpannung
TVIS = 39% 5 %
g = 55 % 37 %
Electr.
Field
Suspended Particle Device (SPD – system)
Photochromic glazing
MechanismLight energy induces metalic ions to migrate and coagulate. This agglomerations absorbs light (e.g. sun glasses)
Properties
transparent
TVIS ~ 70 %
SF ~ 50 %
darkertransparent
16 %
25 %
solar
light energy
Thermotropic Glazing
MechanismTemperature dependent phase separation of polymer blends or aqueous polymer suspensions