Ryuji Kohno's Properties, Confidential 1 Creation of Future Social Infrastructure Based on Information Telecommunication Technology Yokohama National University Ryuji Kohno's Properties, Confidential 1 Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005 Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005 Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Latest Wireless Technologies: Latest Wireless Technologies: Software Defined Radio( Software Defined Radio( SDR SDR ) and Ultra ) and Ultra Wideband( Wideband( UWB UWB ) Wireless Communications ) Wireless Communications Ryuji Kohno Ryuji Kohno Professor, Professor, Division of Physics, Electrical & Computer Division of Physics, Electrical & Computer Eingeering Eingeering , , Yokohama National University Director Director UWB Technology Institute, UWB Technology Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( ( NiCT NiCT ) ) Chairman Chairman IEICE SDR Technical Committee, Japan IEICE SDR Technical Committee, Japan Colloquium Colloquium Institut Institut EURECOM EURECOM Sophia Sophia - - Antipolis Antipolis , France, June 23, 2005 , France, June 23, 2005
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Ryuji Kohno's Properties, Confidential
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Ryuji Kohno's Properties, Confidential
1
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Latest Wireless Technologies: Latest Wireless Technologies:
Software Defined Radio(Software Defined Radio(SDRSDR) and Ultra ) and Ultra Wideband(Wideband(UWBUWB) Wireless Communications) Wireless Communications
Ryuji KohnoRyuji KohnoProfessor, Professor,
Division of Physics, Electrical & ComputerDivision of Physics, Electrical & Computer EingeeringEingeering,,Yokohama National University
DirectorDirectorUWB Technology Institute,UWB Technology Institute,
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ((NiCTNiCT))ChairmanChairman
IEICE SDR Technical Committee, JapanIEICE SDR Technical Committee, Japan
SophiaSophia--AntipolisAntipolis, France, June 23, 2005 , France, June 23, 2005
Ryuji Kohno's Properties, Confidential
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Future Wireless Based on UWB and SDR Future Wireless Based on UWB and SDR AgendaAgenda
1. Trends of Wireless Communications2. State of Arts for SDR(Software Defined Radio)
and Anticipation of SDR Evolutionand Anticipation of SDR Evolution3. State of Arts for UWB(Ultra Wideband) Radio
and Anticipation of UWB Evolution
Ryuji Kohno's Properties, Confidential
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
VTRTV AUDIO GAME
PC
Home Link
ホームネットワーク
オフィス内ネットワーク (無線LAN・無線ATM)
機器(機械)間通信
車車間通信
路車間通信
携帯電話
高度道路交通網システム
PRINTER
Current Wireless Communication Networks
Home Networks.
Office Networks(Wireless LAN etc).
Machine Networks.
ITS ( Intelligent Transport Systems).
MobileNetworks.
Vehicle-to-Roadside.
Inter-VehicleCommunication
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
1. 1. 33rd Generation Mobile Communication Systemrd Generation Mobile Communication System 3G((IMTIMT--20002000: : UMTS, WUMTS, W--CDMACDMA, , EDGE, GPRSEDGE, GPRS))
2. 2. Multimedia Mobile Access Control SystemsMultimedia Mobile Access Control Systems: : 4G(B3G)4G(B3G) ((MMAC, MMAC, BRAN, UBRAN, U--NII, E2RNII, E2R))
3. 3. Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting SystemDigital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting System ((DAB, DVB, DMBDAB, DVB, DMB))4. 4. Intelligent Transport SystemIntelligent Transport System ((ITS: ETC,DSRC, Car LANITS: ETC,DSRC, Car LAN))5.5. Wireless Local LoopWireless Local Loop:: ((WLLWLL))
Wireless Local LoopWireless Local LoopQuasiQuasi--CellularCellular
CellularCellular
BroadcastingBroadcasting
Satellite/HAPSSatellite/HAPS
FWAFWA
IPIP--base Networkbase Network
IP-baseSoftwareSoftware
RadioRadio
<Personalization of Network>
・Software Reconfigurable Radio
<<Integration of NetworksIntegration of Networks>>
・・IPIP--base base (Voice over IP, Internet TV, Mobile IP(Voice over IP, Internet TV, Mobile IP……..))
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Software Defined Radio(SDR)
SDR SDR is a broad concept that is a broad concept that all functions of wireless communicationslike bands, modulation and coding scheme, protocol like bands, modulation and coding scheme, protocol can bereconfigured with software including allincluding all--digital transceivers and digital transceivers and softwaresoftware--based based adaptability for multi-purposes and multi-applications in multi-environments..
【【Necessary PropertiesNecessary Properties】】
1. 1. Broadband & MultiBroadband & Multi--band for Multiband for Multi--mode Servicemode Service2. 2. ReRe--configurability configurability of System Hardwareof System Hardware3. 3. DownloadabilityDownloadability of System Configuration Softwareof System Configuration Software4. 4. Adaptability Adaptability for Environment for Environment
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Software Defined Radio as Countermeasure to Software Defined Radio as Countermeasure to Combat with Current Problems in Wireless Comm.Combat with Current Problems in Wireless Comm.
Huge Demands for Broadband Huge Demands for Broadband Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications Low Power Low Power
ConsumptionConsumption
InterInter--SystemSystemInterferenceInterference
CoCo--exit of Various exit of Various Wireless SystemsWireless Systems
Demand for Demand for MultiMulti--ModeMode
①①
②②
③③
Software AntennaSoftware AntennaSpace Division(Space Division(SDMASDMA))Based on Based on BeamformingBeamformingOmit of IF CircuitsOmit of IF Circuits((Direct ConversionDirect Conversion))Software Software ReconfigurabilityReconfigurability((ReRe--ConfigurationConfiguration))
Software Software Defined Defined
Radio(SDR)Radio(SDR)
①①
②②
③③
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
MultiMulti--modemode ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio SystemRadio System
STB
Device is reconfigured as a TV receiver
BS
STB
BS
Device is reconfigured as a car navigation system
Device is reconfigured as a cellular phone
STB
BS
STB
Device is reconfigured as a wireless LAN terminal
BS
Download of system software to change system configuration
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Device is reconfigured as a cellular phone
Device is reconfigured as a wireless LAN terminal
Device is reconfigured as a TV receiver
MultiMulti--mode mode ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio SystemRadio System
Device is reconfigured as a car navigation system
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Software Software ReconfigurableReconfigurable TV Broadcasting TV Broadcasting TerminalTerminal (Using MPEG(Using MPEG--2 standard)2 standard)
BS tuner(channel
selectionpart)
CS tuner(channel
selectionpart)
Terrestrialtuner
(channelselectionpart)
CATV
digitaldemodulation 1
(BPSK)(QPSK)(8PSK)
digitaldemodulation 2
(OFDM)
digital demodulation 3
(64QAM)
FEC(trellis)(viterbi)
Inner Codecorrecting
System CPU(64bitRISC)
modem
ECC(RS)
OuterCode
correcting
DEMUX
TSdecoder
MPEGdecoderimagespeech
datadecode
&OSD
memoryFirm wareFirm ware
CAdescrambler
BS/CS compatible antenna
UHF antenna
image
speech
data
About 10MB
約200KG 約1MGAbout 100KGAbout 100KG
About 200KG
約500KG
About 100KGCompatible element
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
TV VICS
FM Radio
Cellurar phoneterminal
TV receiver VICS receiver
FM radio receiver
TV broadcaststation
Cellular phoneBase Station FM broadcast
station
90~700MHz bandTV broadcast
2.5GHzband 76~90MHz band
FM radio
VICSbeaconantenna
800MHz band1.5GHz band
FM radiocar-mounted
antenna
beaconcar-mounted
antennaTV car-mounted
antenna
Cellular phonecar-mounted
antenna
Software Software ReconfigurableReconfigurable ITS TerminalITS Terminal
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Table 2 Examples of Multimode Terminals
PDC+PHS
PDC+GPS
PDC+3G
3G+4G
3G+WLAN11b
4G+WLAN11a
3G+4G+WLAN+WPAN
Commonality Frequency rangeDemandSystems
×
800M/1.5G/1.9G
800M/1.5G
800M/1.5G/2G
2G/3-10G
2G/2.4G
4G/5.2G
2G/5.2G/3-10G
TDMA/SS
TDMA/CDMA
CDMA/?
CDMA/SS
OFDMA/OFDM
CDMA/OFDM/?
FDD/TDDAlreadyExists
AlreadyExists
Both covernationwide
Comple-mentary
Seamlesscoverage
Seamlesscoverage
Seamlesscoverage
×
×
?
?
?
?
DSRC+WLAN11a
5.8G/5.2GQPSK/OFDM
Seamlesscoverage
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Demands for SDR in Beyond 3G Demands for SDR in Beyond 3G
Software radio is one of key technology to Software radio is one of key technology to realize next generation (beyond 3G) mobile realize next generation (beyond 3G) mobile communication systems from the viewpoint of communication systems from the viewpoint of ……..–– Remote Maintenance without recallRemote Maintenance without recall ( Bug fix )( Bug fix )–– Reduction of industrial wasteReduction of industrial waste–– Frequency reFrequency re--allocation ( viewpoint of regulation)allocation ( viewpoint of regulation)–– Coexistence between old and new systemsCoexistence between old and new systems
•• Communication systems on demandCommunication systems on demand
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
ITS(Intelligent Transport
Systems)
Applications of Software Defined RadioApplications of Software Defined Radio
Broadcasting(BS,CS,Terrestrial, CATV)
Wireless LAN
(BluetoothIEEE802.11a,b
Positio
ning.
Rangin
g.
(GPS
・Roa
ming)
FWN
(Fixed Wireless Network)
PDCGSMIS-95
IMT-2000PHS
DECTGPRSUTLAPager
Mobile C
omm
unications
Satellite and Space
Communications
LEOMEOGEO
KuKaLS
ETCVICSIVC
Detecting Illegal radioMedical Servises
(ICU,)
Tele-metering,
Tele-control
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
NonNon--profit organization in the USA to promote SDRprofit organization in the USA to promote SDRProposing a CORBAProposing a CORBA--based SDR system architecturebased SDR system architectureStarting members were involved in the Speakeasy project in Starting members were involved in the Speakeasy project in USAUSA
<Major Purposes><Major Purposes>1. 1. Standard ofStandard of APIAPI(Application Program Interface) for (Application Program Interface) for
common interfacing among various modules of SDR common interfacing among various modules of SDR terminal.terminal.
2. 2. Standard ofStandard of download proceduredownload procedure for SDR services for SDR services
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
IEICEIEICESoftware Radio Technical CommitteeSoftware Radio Technical Committee
Society:Society: IEICE Communication SocietyIEICE Communication SocietyEstablished:Established: December, 1998December, 1998Discussion Topics:Discussion Topics:
•• Theory Theory on SDRon SDR•• Software and hardware technologySoftware and hardware technology for SDRfor SDR•• ApplicationsApplications of SDRof SDR•• Research on APIsResearch on APIs (Application Programmable Interface)(Application Programmable Interface)•• Standardization for SDRStandardization for SDR•• Collaboration and cooperation Collaboration and cooperation with active organizations in with active organizations in
other countriesother countries such as such as SDRSDR--ForumForum
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Members of the IEICE Software Radio Technical Members of the IEICE Software Radio Technical CommitteeCommittee
•• Kei Kei Sakaguchi Sakaguchi Tokyo Inst. Tech.Tokyo Inst. Tech.•• keiki Fujii keiki Fujii Tokyo Tokyo Noukou Noukou Univ.Univ.•• Tatu Koljonen Tatu Koljonen Nokia JapanNokia Japan•• Mamoru Mamoru Sawahashi Sawahashi NTTNTT DoCoMoDoCoMo•• Shintaro Taira Shintaro Taira National DefenseNational Defense
AgencyAgency•• Ysuhiko Ysuhiko Asano Asano Fujitsu Labs.Fujitsu Labs.•• Masao Nakagawa Masao Nakagawa Keio Univ.Keio Univ.•• Yoshio Nakamura Yoshio Nakamura Tohoku Univ.Tohoku Univ.•• Tatsuaki Tatsuaki Sakai Sakai KDDIKDDI•• MasachikaMasachika Harada Harada TI JapanTI Japan•• Takuzo Fujii Takuzo Fujii Hitachi Kokusai Hitachi Kokusai •• Toshiharu Kojima Toshiharu Kojima MitsubishiMitsubishi•• Kouichi Honma Kouichi Honma PanasonicPanasonic•• Masakazu Masakazu Sampei Sampei Osaka Univ.Osaka Univ.•• Eiichi Murata Eiichi Murata Kyoto Univ.Kyoto Univ.•• Hiroyuki Hiroyuki Morikawa Morikawa Univ. TokyoUniv. Tokyo•• Daisaku Yamane Daisaku Yamane JRCJRCConsults:Consults:•• Joe Joe MitolaMitola III III MITREMITRE•• Mark Cummings Mark Cummings enViaenVia, Inc., Inc.
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Activities of IEICE Software Radio Activities of IEICE Software Radio Technical Committee inTechnical Committee in 19991999
January 27: The first technical committee meeting (Tokyo) March 11: The first technical conference : Joint Workshop(Yokusuka Research Park: YRP) together with the SDR Forum (March 9-11). June 30: 2nd technical conference (Osaka)September: Panel session was held in the PIMRC‘99 conference (10th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications)(Osaka) November 17: 3rd technical conference (Nagoya)
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Activities of IEICE Software RadioActivities of IEICE Software RadioTechnical Committee inTechnical Committee in 20002000
April 11-13: SDR Workshop (Seoul, Korea)April 17: 4th technical conference : Joint Workshop (YokosukaResearch Park:YRP) together with the SDR Forum.May 16: Panel session at VTC spring (Vehicular Technology Conference) 2000 (Meridian Pacific Hotel Shinagawa, Tokyo)June: Publication of the special Issue on SDR in IEICE Trans. on Communications(English Volume)July 21: 5th technical conference (Keio Univ., Yokohama)September 13-15: Tyrrhenian Workshop on SDR(Italy)September 30: Panel session in IEICE Annual Conference (Nagoya Inst. Tech., Nagoya)October 20: 6th technical conference and Technical Exhibition (NTT Musashino, Tokyo)
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Research Trend in 1Research Trend in 1thth StageStageBefore 2001 Before 2001 (from Activities of IEICE SR(from Activities of IEICE SR--TC)TC)–– Introduce software radio, Search research items, and applicationIntroduce software radio, Search research items, and applicationss–– Developed key technologiesDeveloped key technologies
•• Broadband and multipurpose receiversBroadband and multipurpose receivers•• Direct conversionDirect conversion、、Low IFLow IF
•• Software processing (adaptive) antennaSoftware processing (adaptive) antenna•• Broadband and multipurpose analogBroadband and multipurpose analog--toto--digital converterdigital converter
•• Effect of resolution of AD converter to Digital signal processioEffect of resolution of AD converter to Digital signal procession hardwaren hardware•• Adaptive multiAdaptive multi--sampling methodsampling method
•• Configuration of softwareConfiguration of software•• Software architectureSoftware architecture•• Flexible synchronization method, adaptive coding and decoding teFlexible synchronization method, adaptive coding and decoding techniquechnique
•• Software download methodSoftware download method•• Download protocolDownload protocol•• Software architecture to reduce the volume of softwareSoftware architecture to reduce the volume of software
•• AutoAuto--recognition of modulation schemerecognition of modulation scheme–– Development of prototype systemsDevelopment of prototype systems
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Prototypes 1Prototypes 1
Changing parameters of Changing parameters of modulation, coding, and modulation, coding, and
Surveillance to Detect Surveillance to Detect Illegal RadioIllegal Radio
ApplicationApplication
BasebandBaseband overover--samplingsamplingIF under samplingIF under samplingIF underIF under--samplingsamplingBaseband Baseband overover--samplingsampling
SamplingSampling
Antenna part, Direct Antenna part, Direct conversion receiver part, conversion receiver part,
Toyo communication Toyo communication Equipment and Tohoku Equipment and Tohoku
electronics power electronics power companycompany (1999)(1999)
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Activities of IEICE Software RadioActivities of IEICE Software RadioTechnical Committee inTechnical Committee in 20012001
Feb.6: Publication of Two Years Activities Report of SR-TG IEICE in Communication Society Steering Committee MeetingMarch 26-29: (1)Panel session on Applications of SDR
(2)Symposium on Latest Technologies of SDRin IEICE Annual Conference (Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu)
April 26: 7th technical conference : Joint Workshop (IEICE Headquater, Kikaishiko-Kanikan,Tokyo) together with the SDR Forum(April24-26)July: Publication of the special Issue on SDR in IEICE Trans. on Communications(Japanese Volume)September 18-21: (1)Panel session on SDR (2)Technical Session on Latest Technologies of SDR in IEICE Joint Societies Conference (Univ. Electro-Communications, Tokyo)October 17: FCC-MPHPT SDR Workshop(MPHPT headquater, Tokyo)October 18: 8th technical conference (CRL, Tokyo)December 14: 9th technical conference (Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka)
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
First Prototype of Software Radio Receiver in SONY CSL/ATLFirst Prototype of Software Radio Receiver in SONY CSL/ATL
SOPRANO 1.1SOPRANO 1.11.1. Hardware PlatformHardware Platform :: SDR Platform which demodulates received signal of SDR Platform which demodulates received signal of
dual band in dual band in 2.45GHz and 5.25GH2.45GHz and 5.25GHzz and was operated byand was operated by 5port Junction Direct 5port Junction Direct
Converter with broadband (500MHzConverter with broadband (500MHz--9GHz) and low power consumption.9GHz) and low power consumption.
2.2. Software PlatformSoftware Platform:: Software design framework ofSoftware design framework of basebandbaseband circuit circuit through through
system highsystem high--level language (C++, System C) to circuit implementation.level language (C++, System C) to circuit implementation.
A/D
A/D
A/D
RF Circuit Digital Circuit
Preselect Filter 1
Preselect Filter 2
Local Filter
Five-port
MMIC
Non-linearity Compensation
for Power Detection
I-Q
Calculation
Block
Local SignalGain Control
I
Q
Wireless Protocol
Data
5port Direct Convertert
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
NICTNICT’’ss Development of SDR prototype for new Development of SDR prototype for new generation mobile communication systemsgeneration mobile communication systems
Consists of generalConsists of general--purpose purpose FPGA, CPU, and RF boardsFPGA, CPU, and RF boardsSoftware modules for Software modules for WW--CDMA and IEEE802.11aCDMA and IEEE802.11a is is preparedpreparedLayer 1,2,and 3 for both Layer 1,2,and 3 for both systems are completely systems are completely implemented implemented SDR can communicate with SDR can communicate with WW--CDMA BTS and access CDMA BTS and access point for wireless LANpoint for wireless LANCommunication systems can Communication systems can be changed manually or be changed manually or automaticallyautomatically
Developed by Dr.Hiroshi Harada, Leader of Wireless Access Group,Yokosuka Radio Communications Research Center National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
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FPGA board, CPU board, and RF boardFPGA board, CPU board, and RF board
FPGA board CPU board RF board
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Requirement of FPGA, CPU, and RF boardsRequirement of FPGA, CPU, and RF boardsItem Requirement
FPGA board
ADC 2ch/170 Msps/12bit/0dBm input
DAC 2ch/500 Msps/12bit/0dBm output
FPGA Xilinx XC2V4000,6000,8000 (selectable)
IF to RF board Analog in (2ch)/Analog out(3ch)/Cont(5bit)
External clk I/F Input 5M-66MHz, 0dBm2,4,8,16 times clk generate automatically
Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Activities of IEICE Software RadioActivities of IEICE Software RadioTechnical Committee inTechnical Committee in 20022002
March 27-30: IEICE Annual Conference (Waseda University, Tokyo)(1)Panel session on Applications of SDR (2)Symposium on Latest Technologies of SDR
March 29: Publication of the special Issue on SDR in IEICE Trans. on Communications(English Volume) in DecemberApril 16-18: SDR Forum in National Science Academy, Tokyo April 19: 10th technical conference (Will-Aichi, Nagoya)July: 11th technical conference (Sumson Lab, Yokohama)August 19: URSI-GA 2002 (Maastricht, The Netherlands)Commission C –Signals and Systems SSession C.1: Software Reconfigurable Radio SystemsSeptember 18-21: IEICE Joint Societies Conference (Univ. Electro-Communications, Tokyo) (1)Panel session on SDR
(2)Technical Session on Latest Technologies of SDR October 27-30: WPMC’02 (Hawaii, USA) Keynote & Panel on SDRNovember 6-8: ITST2002 (Seoul, Korea) Talk on SDR for ITSNovember 11-12: 2002 Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition (SDR’02) in San Diego, USADecember 13: 12th technical conference (ATR Lab, Kyoto)
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Activities of IEICE Software RadioActivities of IEICE Software RadioTechnical Committee inTechnical Committee in 20032003
March 19-22: IEICE Annual Conference (Tohoku University, Sendai)(1)Panel session on Applications of SDR (2)Symposium on Latest Technologies of SDR
March 28: Publication of the special Issue on SDR in IEICE Trans. on Communications(English Volume) in DecemberApril 14: SDR Forum in Mita Hall, Keio University, Tokyo June 27: 13th technical conference (Ritsumeikan University, Shiga)September 22-26: IEICE Joint Societies Conference (Niigata University, Niigata) (1)Panel session on SDR(2)Technical Session on Latest Technologies of SDRSeptember : SDR Forum in ParisOctober 19-22: WPMC’03 (Yokosuka, Japan) Panel & Technical sessions on SDROctober 12-18: ITU TelecomWorld’03 (Geneve, Switzerland) Invited speech on Future Wireless with SDR and UWBOctober 30: SDR Seminor (Shinchu, Taiwan) Intro. Japanese ActivitiesNovember 17-20: 2003 Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition (SDR’03) in Orlando, USADecember 9: 14th technical conference (Tokyo NoKo University, Tokyo)
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Creation of Future Social InfrastructureBased on Information TelecommunicationTechnology Yokohama National University
Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005
Activities of IEICE Software RadioActivities of IEICE Software RadioTechnical Committee inTechnical Committee in 20042004
March 22-25: IEICE Annual Conference (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo) (1)Panel session on Applications of SDR
(2)Technical Sessions on Latest Technologies of SDRMay 7: 20020044 Workshop on Smart antenna and Workshop on Smart antenna and SDRinSDRin cooperation with cooperation with SDR Forum, , HanyangHanyang University, Seoul in KoreaUniversity, Seoul in KoreaMay 31: 15th technical conference (Toshiba Training Center, Shi-Yokohama)September 21-24: IEICE Joint Societies Conference (Tokushima University, Tokushima)
(1)Tutorial Session on SDR(2)Technical Sessions on Latest Technologies of SDR
September 12-15: WPMC’04 (Abano Terme, Italy) Panel & Technical sessions on SDROctober 10-13: ISITA2004 (Parma, Italy) Technical Sessions on SDR October 29: 16th technical conference (Nagoya University, Nagoya)November 15-17: 2004 Software Defined Radio Technical Conference and Product Exposition (SDR’04) in Phoenix, USA
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Developed Key Technologies for SDR Systems Developed Key Technologies for SDR Systems (Part 1)(Part 1)
(1) (1) AntennaAntenna88 Phased array antennaPhased array antenna in which phase of received signals in each in which phase of received signals in each
element antenna can is controlled to design element antenna can is controlled to design beamformbeamform..88 Adaptive array antennaAdaptive array antenna is which both phase and amplitude can be is which both phase and amplitude can be
adaptively controlled for adaptive adaptively controlled for adaptive beamformingbeamforming..88 Antenna spacing of adjacent elements is used to be half a waveleAntenna spacing of adjacent elements is used to be half a wavelength, ngth,
so these are implemented with so these are implemented with micromicro--strips for millimeter wavesstrips for millimeter waves..88 Digital Beam FormingDigital Beam Forming((DBFDBF)) for for MultiMulti--band or Broadband Software band or Broadband Software
Reconfigurable Reconfigurable AntennaAntenna
SpaceSpace--Time Signal ProcessingTime Signal Processing–– Digital Beam FormingDigital Beam Forming((DBFDBF))・・・・・・Adaptive array antenna can Adaptive array antenna can
digitize signals received at each element and controldigitize signals received at each element and controlbeamformbeamform or antenna pattern with software algorithm.or antenna pattern with software algorithm.
–– MIMO, SpaceMIMO, Space--Time CodingTime Coding & Space Division Multiple & Space Division Multiple AccessAccess((SDMASDMA))・・・・Software antenna can distinguishSoftware antenna can distinguish multiusermultiusersignals in space domain and enable to Multiple Access in signals in space domain and enable to Multiple Access in space domain. space domain.
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Adaptive array antenna can supress undesired signalwaves by beamforming or directivity in spatial domain
Adaptive Array Antenna: Software Antenna
Adaptive Array Antenna: Software Antenna
Software RadioSoftware Radio
θ
Σ
*
Reference Y(k)
+-
e(k)
Wn W1W2
Ln L2
X1X2Xn
Spatial Filter, Array Sensor
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Mobile Station HUB StationBoth Station located in Academia-Industry Collaboration Center of Yokohama National University
VSAT antenna+
Transceiver
DBF array antenna+
Receiver
Uplink: 30GHzDownlink: 20GHz
1.8m Parabolic Antennaand HUB station
in the top of building
Geostationary Satellite (Ka-band)
Project on Mobile Satellite Communication Systems Using KaProject on Mobile Satellite Communication Systems Using Ka--band with band with Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications in Kohno Lab of YokohamMinistry of Posts and Telecommunications in Kohno Lab of Yokohama a
National UniversityNational University
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Mobile Station of Mobile Satellite Communication SystemMobile Station of Mobile Satellite Communication SystemUsing KaUsing Ka--band inband in Yokohama National UniversityYokohama National University
Refrection Antenna
DBF Antenna64 elements
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Developed Key Technologies for SDR Systems Developed Key Technologies for SDR Systems (Part 2)(Part 2)
(2)(2) AD Conversion TechniqueAD Conversion Technique–– Quadrature Quadrature SamplingSampling …… demodulating IF signal as 2 channel with two demodulating IF signal as 2 channel with two
lowlow--speed ADCspeed ADC–– BandpassBandpass SamplingSampling …… Under sampling band limited IF signal and Under sampling band limited IF signal and
changing into base changing into base --bandband
–– SuperSuper--fast sampling ADC by the fast sampling ADC by the superconductivesuperconductive devicedevice(3) Digital Signal Processing Technologies: DSP, FPGA, ASIC etc(3) Digital Signal Processing Technologies: DSP, FPGA, ASIC etc
(a)(a) DSP DSP can perform adaptive signal processing but processing speed shoucan perform adaptive signal processing but processing speed should be ld be improved higher. improved higher.
(b)(b) FPGA FPGA can perform fast signal processing butcan perform fast signal processing but reconfigurabilityreconfigurability should be should be improved. improved.
Amplifier)Amplifier) should be calibrated when array weights are controlled in should be calibrated when array weights are controlled in analogue.analogue.
(b)The dynamic range of the (b)The dynamic range of the MMICMMIC should be wide enough to avoid the should be wide enough to avoid the design which requires an experience in RF.design which requires an experience in RF.
(c) (c) Power consumptionPower consumption increase in Wideband RF Circuit increase in Wideband RF Circuit RF performance declines, because the third RF performance declines, because the third interinter--modulation modulation
distortiondistortion and and dynamic rangedynamic range becomes worse.becomes worse.(d)(d)Direct ConversionDirect Conversion・・・・・・ RF signals are directly converted into RF signals are directly converted into
basebandbaseband signals instead of complex IF transform (Circuit signals instead of complex IF transform (Circuit simplify,Possible to generalize) simplify,Possible to generalize)
(5) RF Analog Processing(5) RF Analog Processing(a) (a) Analog Adaptive or Tunable Antennas and FiltersAnalog Adaptive or Tunable Antennas and Filters is developed for is developed for
multimulti--band service.band service.(b) (b) Analog processing and LOGICS in RFAnalog processing and LOGICS in RF can reduce digital can reduce digital
processing inprocessing in basebandbaseband and improve realand improve real--timetime reconfigurabilityreconfigurability..
Developed Key Technologies for SDR Systems Developed Key Technologies for SDR Systems (Part 3)(Part 3)
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Remained Research Issues for Remained Research Issues for SoftwareSoftware ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio and NetworksRadio and Networks
1. Mass Production of Software Reconfigurable antenna,
RF module and baseband LOGIC
2. Description Language and module definition for
Standardization of API
3. Inter-operable OS for Multiple Processors
4. System Handover for Transparency of Various Networks
5. Secure Protocol for System Software Download
6. End-to-end Reconfigurabilty(E2R) via Various Networks
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KentaKenta UMEBAYASHIUMEBAYASHI–– Concept of Universal radio in SDRConcept of Universal radio in SDR–– Multimode PLL for carrier recovery and Multimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identificationmodulation identificationKentaro Kentaro IKEMOTOIKEMOTO–– Adaptive Modulation & Channel Coding TechniqueAdaptive Modulation & Channel Coding Technique–– Modulation & Channel Coding Identification TechniqueModulation & Channel Coding Identification Technique–– Channel and System SensingChannel and System Sensing for SDR+UWB communication for SDR+UWB communication
systemsystemKazuyuki OKUIKEKazuyuki OKUIKE–– OnOn--Board Automatic Certification SystemBoard Automatic Certification System ((ACSACS) for ) for TypeType--
approval approval of SDR Terminalsof SDR TerminalsMotoko Motoko TANIGUCHITANIGUCHI–– Remote MaintenanceRemote Maintenance based on FPGA Fault Detection Using based on FPGA Fault Detection Using
Error Correcting CodesError Correcting Codes for SDR Systemsfor SDR Systems–– Adaptive Radio Resource ManagementAdaptive Radio Resource Management Using SDR Using SDR BasestationsBasestations
and Terminals and Terminals
Research on SDR Research on SDR in Yokohama National Universityin Yokohama National University
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Anticipation of SDR EvolutionAnticipation of SDR Evolution
There are two directions of SDR Evolution.There are two directions of SDR Evolution.1.1. From Physical Layer to Network LayerFrom Physical Layer to Network LayerTerminal Terminal ReconfigurabilityReconfigurability Basestation Reconfigurability Basestation Reconfigurability
2.2. From Radio to Consumer ElectronicsFrom Radio to Consumer ElectronicsReconfigurableReconfigurable RadioRadio Reconfigurable Reconfigurable NetworkNetwork
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Anticipation of SDR Evolution (continue)Anticipation of SDR Evolution (continue) What is the most important issue for these directions?What is the most important issue for these directions?
1. To Network level: (1) 1. To Network level: (1) Sophisticated Measurement orSophisticated Measurement orSensing Radio EnvironmentSensing Radio EnvironmentCognitive radioCognitive radio
(2)(2) MultiMulti--layer layer ReconfigurabilityReconfigurability between physical between physical and network layerand network layers s
E2R (EndE2R (End--toto--end end RecofigurabilityRecofigurability))2. To Consumer 2. To Consumer ElecronicsElecronics: : ReconfigurableReconfigurable ArchitectureArchitecture
What shall we do next?What shall we do next?(1) Business:(1) Business: Make valuable business models !Make valuable business models !(2) Education: Educate experts for SDR who can cover (2) Education: Educate experts for SDR who can cover crosscross--
over field between over field between Computer ScienceComputer Science and and Radio Communication Radio Communication Engineering !Engineering !
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Elementary and CrossElementary and Cross--over Technologies over Technologies for SDRfor SDR
Transmission Tech.(Signal Design and Detection Theory)
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Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB Future Wireless Based on SDR and UWB AgendaAgenda
1. Trends of Wireless Communications2. State of Arts for SDR(Software Defined Radio)
and Anticipation of SDR Evolutionand Anticipation of SDR Evolution3. State of Arts for UWB(Ultra Wideband) Radio
and Anticipation of UWB Evolution
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Background of UWB R&DBackground of UWB R&D
Wideband Radio Systems, e.g. 3G(UMTS, IMT2000), WLAN(IEEE802.11.a,b,g) by Wideband CDMA, SS, OFDM etc.
Current Demands on Radio Systems
Higher Capacity and Better QoS
The wider bandwidth radio system, the better performance will be obtained.UWB(Ultra Wideband) is attractive because
Low Interference to Coexisting SystemsVery Small Power ConsumptionUltra High Speed Data Trasmission.High Multipath ResolutionOne-chip Implemention : SoC
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Comparison of Spectral Distribution
Ultra Wideband (GHz) is occupied by a pulse with ultra short time duration (1nsec~ 100psec)Transmitted power is extremely low (10nW/MHz)
ConventionalNarrowband system
Spread SpectrumSystem
Limit of Radiated Noise Power By FCC Part15(-41.3dBm/MHz)
Ultra Wideband(UWB) System
Frequency (Hz)
Tran
smitt
ed P
ower
(dB
m/M
Hz)
Definition of UWBDefinition of UWBUWB Bandwidth UWB Bandwidth
–– Fractional bandwidth (BW)Fractional bandwidth (BW) > > 20%20% or Bandwidth > or Bandwidth > 500MHz(FCC)
–– Comparing ExamplesComparing Examples
・ AM 6.8kHz/530kHz=1.3%• cdmaOne 1.25MHz/800MHz=0.15%• W-CDMA 5MHz/2200MHz=0.23%• WLAN(IEEE802.11) 22MHz/2450MHz=0.9%
c
LH
LH
LH
fff
ffffBW −
=+−
= 2Fractional
KohnoKohnoLaboratoryLaboratory
Frequency
PSD
10 dB
fhfl fc
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Modulation and Multiple Access Schemes for UWB Transmission
1. Modulation1.1 Modulation without Carrier(Impulse Radio, CarrierImpulse Radio, Carrier--freefree)
Using a train of impulsive signals(1) PPM(Pulse Position Modulation)(2) Bi-phase Modulation(3) PSM(Pulse Shape Modulation) using orthogonal pulses
1.2 Modulation with Carrier(1) FH, TFH(2) DS(3) OFDM
2. Multiple Access Scheme for Multi2. Multiple Access Scheme for Multi--usersusers(1) (1) Time Hopping(TH)/CDMA(2) DS/CDMA(3) CSMA/CD,CA
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What is Impulse Radio UWB(UWBWhat is Impulse Radio UWB(UWB--IR) ?IR) ?
・UWB-IR(Ultra Wide Band based on Impulse Radio) is defined as a radio communication scheme using a train of pulses with duration of less than 1nsec.・Its spectrum is ultra-widely spread over several GHz in width.
BPSK Signal with Sinusoidal Carrier
UWB Signal with Pulse Train< 1 nsecSeveral 100 nsec
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Time Waveforms and Frequency Spectra Time Waveforms and Frequency Spectra at at TxTx and Rx Antennasand Rx Antennas
KohnoKohnoLaboratoryLaboratory
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Typical Transmission of UWBTypical Transmission of UWB--IR Signal IR Signal with PPM and THwith PPM and TH
Case of Datum=0
・ Data Modulation: Pulse Positioning Modulation(PPM)Pulse Positioning Modulation(PPM)・・ Multiple Access: Multiple Access: CDMA based on Time Hopping(TH)CDMA based on Time Hopping(TH)
RemarkRemark: Both are : Both are TimeTime--Domain ProcessingDomain Processing !!
Output
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Case of Datum=1
Typical Transmission of UWBTypical Transmission of UWB--IR Signal IR Signal with PPM and THwith PPM and TH
・ Data Modulation: Pulse Positioning Modulation(PPM)Pulse Positioning Modulation(PPM)・・ Multiple Access: Multiple Access: CDMA based on Time Hopping(TH)CDMA based on Time Hopping(TH)
RemarkRemark: Both are : Both are TimeTime--Domain ProcessingDomain Processing !!
Output
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Modulation and Multiple Access in Time Modulation and Multiple Access in Time Domain (TH/PPM)Domain (TH/PPM)
Pulse waveform Pulse Repitition time
∑∞
−∞=
−−−=j
ejc
ejf
etr
eetr DTcjTtwtS )()( )()()()()( δ
),1,0,1,0,1,1( LDj =
Tx Datum
TH pattern for User ID Shift value for binary modulation
TH Chip length
(Reference) M. Z. Win and R. A. Scholtz, “Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Time-Hopping Spread-Spectrum Impulse Radio for WirelessMultiple-Access Communications,” IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. 48, No.4, pp. 679-691, Apr. 2000
KohnoKohnoLaboratoryLaboratory
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Shannon Capacity in AWGN ChannelShannon Capacity in AWGN Channel((bit/secbit/sec))
Since UWB systems use Since UWB systems use ultra wideband width ultra wideband width BB over over several GHzseveral GHz, , transmission rate can theoretically achieve transmission rate can theoretically achieve ultra high speed ultra high speed more than 1Gb/s. more than 1Gb/s.
Watts in power NoiseNWatts in power SignalP
Hertz in bandwidth Channel Bbits/s incapacity channel MaxC
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Properties and Benefits of UWB1. Power Spectrum Density is extremely low (lower than noise)
⇒ Possible to coexist with other systems due to low interference ( High immunity to interference due to large effective processing gain)
2. Time duration of a pulse is extremely short ( a few nsec)
⇒ Robust against multi-path distortion because of RAKE type of receiving with high path resolution⇒ High resolution ranging and positioning (within a few cm)
⇒ Possible to achieve both communication and ranging3. Carrier free, and extremely low duty cycle operation
⇒ Possible to implement low cost and compact systems with minimal RF, no mixer, and low power-consumption
4. Occupied frequency bandwidth is extremely wide(GHz)⇒ Possible to achieve ultra-high capacity (many users) or
high speed transmission (over 100 Mbps)
UWB can keep all features of Spread Spectrum and emphasize its advantages.
Information Theoretical interest for capacity limit
Low cost implementation based on Signal Processing only in time domain (e.g. One-Chip SoC)
New business creation in wireless industry as well as novel research paradigm in Academia
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Potential Applications of UWBPotential Applications of UWB
Wireless communicationsWireless communications– High speed/low speed and high user capacity– Short distance communication (e.g., a few ten meter)– Indoor wireless CE(e.g., WPAN, wireless tags, Sensor Netowork)– Outdoor communications (e.g., WLL)
ITSITS: Intelligent Transport Systems: Intelligent Transport Systems– Colision avoidance radar– Realization of both communication and ranging with a single hardware
• Imaging and sensors− Medical imaging− Ground penetration
• Security systems− Intrusion detection and sensing
printer PDA Digital Camera
DigitalVideo
TV
DigitalAudio
PC
PC
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Power C
onsumption
during Transmission
Achievable Transmission Rate(b/s)
1M 10M 100M
Higher Capacity
Low P
ower
Consum
ption
UWB
IEEE802.11a
IEEE802.11b
Bluetooth
Targeting of UWB Wireless CommunicationsTargeting of UWB Wireless Communications
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Problems of UWBProblems of UWB1. 1. Design and MassDesign and Mass--Production of Production of Pulse Generators, Pulse Generators,
RF devises, Antennas etc for UWBRF devises, Antennas etc for UWB2. 2. DetectionDetection of Accurate Pulse waveform in Receiver of Accurate Pulse waveform in Receiver
InterInter--Pulse Symbol InterferencePulse Symbol Interference in the Presence of in the Presence of MultipathMultipath
3. 3. MultiMulti--user Interferenceuser Interference or Intraor Intra--system Interferencesystem Interference4. 4. InterInter--system Interferencesystem Interference with Cowith Co--existing Overlaid existing Overlaid
SystemsSystems5. 5. Spectral Management for UWB SystemsSpectral Management for UWB Systems to Avoid to Avoid
Collision or Interference with Conventional SystemsCollision or Interference with Conventional Systems
UWB Emission Limit for UWB Emission Limit for Indoor Communication SystemsIndoor Communication Systemsdefined by thedefined by the FCC FCC Feb 14, 02 Feb 14, 02 [[between 3.1between 3.1--10.6 GHz. 10.6 GHz. ]]
KohnoKohnoLaboratoryLaboratory
UWB Emission Limit for UWB Emission Limit for Outdoor Communication SystemsOutdoor Communication Systemsdefined by thedefined by the FCC FCC Feb 14, 02 Feb 14, 02 [[between 3.1between 3.1--10.6 GHz. 10.6 GHz. ]]
KohnoKohnoLaboratoryLaboratory
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Subjects of Current Research (1/2)Subjects of Current Research (1/2)Transmitters, pulse generation, waveformsTransmitters, pulse generation, waveforms and basis and basis functionsfunctions
–– HighHigh--speed pulse generationspeed pulse generation–– Spectrum shapingSpectrum shaping and wavelet basis functionsand wavelet basis functions–– More efficient and adaptive modulation techniquesMore efficient and adaptive modulation techniques
Access control and network intergrationAccess control and network intergration–– UWB MAC protocolUWB MAC protocol–– Coding techniquesCoding techniques–– Novel access techniques (e.g., hybrids)Novel access techniques (e.g., hybrids)
RegulationRegulation–– Noise aggregation, limits and thresholdsNoise aggregation, limits and thresholds
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SynchronizationSynchronization and time base stabilityand time base stability–– Picosecond accuracyPicosecond accuracy–– Jitter reductionJitter reduction
PropagationPropagation–– MeasurementMeasurement of UWB signal Propagationof UWB signal Propagation for indoor for indoor
communication (e.g., very short range)communication (e.g., very short range)–– Channel modelsChannel models for higher frequency (e.g., above 2.4 GHz)for higher frequency (e.g., above 2.4 GHz)
AntennasAntennas–– Low cost, efficient, electrically small antennas for portable Low cost, efficient, electrically small antennas for portable
Subjects of Current Research (2/2)Subjects of Current Research (2/2)
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Research Issues on UWB in Research Issues on UWB in Kohno LaboratoryKohno Laboratory1.1. Interference Analysis Interference Analysis between UWB and conventional Systemsbetween UWB and conventional Systems2.2. MultiMulti--level orlevel or MM--aryary schemesschemes for Improvement of UWB for Improvement of UWB
Transmission EfficiencyTransmission Efficiency3.3. Pulse Shaping and MultiPulse Shaping and Multi--pulse Shaping schemespulse Shaping schemes for for
Improvement of UWB Transmission Efficiency Improvement of UWB Transmission Efficiency 4.4. MultiMulti--user Detection and Interference Cancellation Technologiesuser Detection and Interference Cancellation Technologies
for Improvement of UWBfor Improvement of UWB--CDMA User CapacityCDMA User Capacity5.5. Design of Sequences with Appropriate Correlation PropertiesDesign of Sequences with Appropriate Correlation Properties for for
UWBUWB--CDMA and SynchronizationCDMA and Synchronization6.6. SpaceSpace--Time Equalization TechnologiesTime Equalization Technologies in the Presence of in the Presence of
Multipath Distortion Multipath Distortion 7.7. SpaceSpace--Time Interference Cancellation TechnologiesTime Interference Cancellation Technologies in the in the
Presence ofPresence of Overlaid or CoOverlaid or Co--existing Conventional Systemsexisting Conventional Systems8.8. Ultra Wideband Antenna for UWBUltra Wideband Antenna for UWB9.9. Joint Communicating and Ranging SystemsJoint Communicating and Ranging Systems Based on UWBBased on UWB10.10. Joint Optical and Radio Implementation for UWB TransmissionJoint Optical and Radio Implementation for UWB Transmission
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20042004 Doctor, Master, and Bachelor Theses on UWB in Doctor, Master, and Bachelor Theses on UWB in Kohno LaboratoryKohno Laboratory1.1. Doctor Thesis(a part):Doctor Thesis(a part): Orthogonal PulseOrthogonal Pulse--Shape Design Shape Design in Jitter Channel and in Jitter Channel and
in Differentiating Channelsin Differentiating Channels ((Giuseppe AbreuGiuseppe Abreu))2.2. Master Thesis:Master Thesis: Array Antenna Using Element Antenna with Different Array Antenna Using Element Antenna with Different
Frequency Characteristics for UWB Wireless TransmissionFrequency Characteristics for UWB Wireless Transmission ((Tadatomo Tadatomo Satoh)Satoh)3.3. Master Thesis:Master Thesis: Multiuser Detection for Ultra Wideband Code Division Multiple Multiuser Detection for Ultra Wideband Code Division Multiple
AccessAccess ((SeneiSenei SegawaSegawa))4.4. Master Thesis:Master Thesis: ITS InterITS Inter--Vehicle Communication and Ranging Using Ultra Vehicle Communication and Ranging Using Ultra
Wideband Impulse RadioWideband Impulse Radio (Takeshi Matsumura)(Takeshi Matsumura)5.5. Master Thesis:Master Thesis: Ultra Wideband Radio Transmission Using Fiber Bragg GratingUltra Wideband Radio Transmission Using Fiber Bragg Grating
((TakehiroTakehiro Yamamoto)Yamamoto)6.6. Bachelor Thesis:Bachelor Thesis: NonNon--linear Swept Chirp Waveform for UWB Multiple Access linear Swept Chirp Waveform for UWB Multiple Access
CommunicationsCommunications ((ShunpeiShunpei Ida)Ida)7.7. Bachelor Thesis:Bachelor Thesis: ErrorError--Detection for Synchronization Using Orthogonal Detection for Synchronization Using Orthogonal
Sequences in UWB Impulse Radio CommunicationsSequences in UWB Impulse Radio Communications ((Kyoichi ObanaKyoichi Obana))8.8. Bachelor Thesis:Bachelor Thesis: Adaptive Modulation inAdaptive Modulation in MultibandMultiband OFDM in the Presence ofOFDM in the Presence of
Narrow Band InterferenceNarrow Band Interference ((Sumikazu Sumikazu Yahata)Yahata)9.9. Bachelor Thesis:Bachelor Thesis: Estimation of Direction of Arrival Using Array AntennaEstimation of Direction of Arrival Using Array Antenna with with
ModifiedModified HermitianHermitian Waveform in UWB Communication SWaveform in UWB Communication Syystemsstems (Takashi (Takashi UefujiUefuji))
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Regulatory Activities on Commercial UWBRegulatory Activities on Commercial UWB
> In the USA, the FCC released the UWB regulations on February 14, 2002 with strict guidelines on transmitting power.
> In Europe, ETSI is making the UWB regulations while EC established IST projects,e.g. Ultra Waves, UCAN, PULSERS.
> In Japan, NICT(CRL) established UWB technology Institute and organizes UWB Consortium to promote R&D and make radio regulation for commercial use of UWB.
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NICT UWB Project in NICTNICT UWB Project in NICT
NICT
NICT UWB Project
Wireless Communications department
UWB technology
group
Millimeter-wave device group
Communication system EMC
group
Millimeter-wave promotion
project
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UWB standardization activitiesUWB standardization activitiesNICT contributes standardization in NICT contributes standardization in Telecommunication Council in Japanese Telecommunication Council in Japanese government, IEEE, ITUgovernment, IEEE, ITU--R in cooperation with R in cooperation with academia and industry on the basis of result of academia and industry on the basis of result of research activity.research activity.For instance;For instance;
A)A) IEEE 802.15 TG3aIEEE 802.15 TG3a : : Proposal of Soft Proposal of Soft Spectrum AdaptationSpectrum Adaptation
B)B) IEEE 802.15 TG4a : Proposal being preparedIEEE 802.15 TG4a : Proposal being preparedC)C) ITUITU--R TG1/8 : Contributions in 3 meetings R TG1/8 : Contributions in 3 meetings
from October 2003from October 2003
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>> Organization:Organization:NICT(CRL) UWB Technology Institute and associating ManufacturerNICT(CRL) UWB Technology Institute and associating Manufacturers s (over 30 companies) and Academia (6 universities)(over 30 companies) and Academia (6 universities)(1) (1) Microwave GroupMicrowave Group: Short: Short--term R&D of WPAN etcterm R&D of WPAN etc(2) (2) Millimeter wave GroupMillimeter wave Group: Mid: Mid--term R&D of millimeter applications term R&D of millimeter applications >> Aim:Aim:(1) R&D and Regulation of UWB Wireless Systems(2) Channel Measurement and Modeling with Experiment
Design and Implementation of UWB System Test-bed in band(960MHz, 3.1-10.6GHz, 22-29GHz, over 60GHz)
(3) R&D of Low Cost Module with higher data rate over 100Mbps(4) Contribution in Standardization and regulationContribution in Standardization and regulation with ARIB, MMAC,
IEEE802.15, MPHPT, and ITU-R etc
Japanese UWB Consortium among Industry, Academia, and Government
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NICT UWB Project and Japanese UWB Collaboration
NICT UWB Project-R&D, Standardization,
Regulation, Collaboration-・UWB Technology Group
・Millimeter-wave promotion project・Millimeter-wave device group
・Communication system EMC group
Japanese UWB Consortium- Joint research group
- Joint proposal for standard
Private Companies Universities
Yokosuka Research Park (YRP)
MMAC’s Domestic Standardization for
UWB
PULSERSProject
International Standard:
IEEE 802.15
MOU
Standardization and Regulation activity
Cooperation of R&D
Collaboration
Proposal & Contribution
SARA ProjectMOU
International Conferences
-IWUWBS&UWBST 2004In Kyoto
-IWUWBT 2005 in Yokosuka
International ActivitiesDomestic Activities
MIC’s Regulation for UWB
International Regulation:
ITU-R TG1/8
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> Ultra Hi-accuracy Ranging and Positioning Technologies (less than 1cm accuracy)> UWB Devices Technologies in Micro and Millimeter Wave Bands> UWB Antennas Technologies in Micro and Millimeter Wave Bands> Propagation Measurement and Channel Modeling for UWB> Interference Suppression Technologies in intra- and inter-systems: coexistence with conventional systems> Measuring Methods for Type-Approval of UWB Commercial Products
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Potential UWB Application of Micro Wave BandIEEE 802.15 [Wireless PAN (Personal Area Network)]TG3a(Altenative PHY)– Transmission Data Speed: Over sevral 100Mb/s– Communication Range: less than 10 meters– “The 3rd generation” Bluetooth?
⇒Wireless PAN(Personal area network)– Wireless USB(Universal serial bus) 2.0
• Data rate: 480Mbps (USB 2.0)- DS-UWB (Motorola, NICT etc: UWB Forum) and
MB-OFDM UWB(Intel, TI etc: MBOA) are competing in standardization.
(Ref.) IEEE 802.15.1(Ref.) IEEE 802.15.1 Bluetooth Bluetooth 1 Mb/s1 Mb/s IEEE 802.15.3 IEEE 802.15.3 WiMedea WiMedea 20 Mb/s20 Mb/s
KohnoKohnoLaboratoryLaboratory
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Expected UWB Applications Expected UWB Applications in Millimeter Wave Bandin Millimeter Wave Band
ITS: Intelligent Transport SystemsITS: Intelligent Transport Systems– Colision avoidance radar ( in 22-29GHz and 76GHz) – Realization of both communication and ranging with a single hardware
Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications– Ultra high speed and user capacity: over 10 Gb/s– Short and long distance communication
Satellite and InterSatellite and Inter--Satellite Communications, Ranging Satellite Communications, Ranging & Positioning& Positioning– Realization of both communication and ranging without interference
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Standardization of Wireless PANStandardization of Wireless PAN (Personal Area Network) in(Personal Area Network) inIEEE 802.15IEEE 802.15 TG3a TG3a (Alternative PHY)(Alternative PHY)
KohnoKohnoLaboratoryLaboratory
ScheduleScheduleMarch 13-17, 2003:Dallas First round of proposal (23 Proposals)May 12-16, 2003:Dallas Second round (13 Proposals)July,20-25,2003:SanFrancisco,Down-selection started (to 6 Proposals)Sept., 2003, Singapole Draft improvementsNov., 2003, Albaquake Try to Harmonize two proposals to a single oneJan,. 2004, Vancouver Compromising two proposals with enhanced MACMarch, 2004,Orlando Common Signaling Mode(CSM) was proposedMay, 2004, Anaheim Reset to remained Two Major Proposals July, 2004, Portland NICT&Motorola Group won to be 1th majority proposal.Sept. 2004, Berlin Confirm vote for its single standard failed and reset. Nov. 2004, SanAntonio NICT&FreeScale won to be 1th majorityJan. 2005, Monterey Confirmation to be a single standard failed.March 2005, Atlanta Panel Discussion on FCC Waiver for MB-OFDMMay 2005, Carins MBOA won with 4 more votes
Major Specification of RequirementData Rate & Range: 110Mbps(over 10m),200Mbps(over 4m),480 Mbps(closer)QoS: Without ARQ, PER (Packet Error Rate) < 8%
After FEC(Forward Error Correction), BER < 10-9
Power Consumption: Less than 100 mW ( in 110 Mbps)Less than 250 mW (in 200 Mbps)
Max No, of Terminals: 256 (in a single network)Max No. of Simultaneous Networks: 4Size of Implemented RF Circuits: PC Card SizeExpected Coexisting Systems: IEEE802.11a/b, IEEE802.15.1/3/4, PHS, Cellular Phones, GPS etc.Expected Cost of RF Circuits: Equal or lower than BluetoothMAC: IEEE802.15.3
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Variation of UWB Modulation for Wireless PAN Variation of UWB Modulation for Wireless PAN including DSincluding DS--UWB and MBUWB and MB--OFDMOFDM
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http://www.uwbforum.org/
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http://www.multibandofdm.org/
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Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)
Design proper pulse waveform to avoid interference to coexisting radio systems in the same band.Match its spectra with required spectral mask, even if regional spectral mask is different and changed.
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time
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Frequency(GHz)
Ampl
itude
(dB)
Example of band allocation in Soft-Spectrum multi-band Approach
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Frequency(GHz)
Ampl
itude
(dB)
Example of band allocation in Soft-Spectrum multi-band Approach
Adaptive, controllable spread-and-shrink of frequency bandwidths is feasible, according to the actual interference environment and the spectrum requirements
Soft-Spectrum adaptation philosophy as mentioned before
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(3) Optimized Pulse Shaping for SSA
•• Mutually orthogonalMutually orthogonal– Available to
Pulse shape multiple accessPulse shape modulation
•• Available notchesAvailable notches– In order to reduce narrowband
interferences
•• NonNon--spiky in both time and spiky in both time and frequency domainfrequency domain
Low peak
Time [nsec] Frequency [GHz]
Optimized pulse shapesOptimized pulse shapes
Ex.: Modified Hermitian PulsedSinusoidal Wavelets
Ex.: Modified Hermitian PulsedSinusoidal Wavelets
notches
Pulse width and center frequency Pulse width and center frequency is adaptively changeable.is adaptively changeable.
FreeFree--verse Type + Geometrical Typeverse Type + Geometrical Type(Envelope) (Pulsed Sine)(Envelope) (Pulsed Sine)
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Japanese Spectral Allocation of Coexisting Systems Japanese Spectral Allocation of Coexisting Systems in 3.1in 3.1~~10.6GHz 10.6GHz (no blank frequency slot)
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
SSA-UWB optimized pulse wavelet generation
Time (samples)
Rel
ativ
e am
plitu
de
0 50 100 150 200 250 300-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
-0Spectrum characteristics of SSA-UWB optimal pulse wavelet
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Harmonization Based on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
Soft-Spectrum
Adaptation(SSA)
Soft-Spectrum
Adaptation(SSA)
Geo-metrical
Free-verse
Kernel functions
SSA type
Sinusoidal
Multibandwith carrier
Multi-carrier TITI
Intel, WisairIntel, Wisair
GA, PhilipsGA, Philips
TF Hopping
TF Coding
NiCT & UWB Consortium
NiCT & UWB Consortium
Dual-bandMotorola,
Freescale(XSI)Motorola,
Freescale(XSI)
Modulatedmodified Hermitian
Single-band
XSI Wavelet
MB
-OFD
MM
B-O
FDM
Global Global standardstandard
Gaussian
Adaptive
ST MicroelectronicsST Microelectronics
MitsubishiMitsubishi
OFDM
DS-
UW
BD
S-U
WB
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Summary of Soft-Spectrum AdaptationGGlobal lobal Regulatory SatisfactionRegulatory Satisfaction: Soft: Soft--Spectrum Spectrum adaptation(adaptation(SSASSA)) can satisfy the FCC Spectrum Mask and any Mask adaptively.
Interference AvoidanceInterference Avoidance: : SSASSA can be applied to avoid possible interferences with other existing narrowband wireless systems.
Global Global HamonizationHamonization: : SSASSA is good for harmonization among different UWB systems because SSA includes various proposed UWB systems as its special cases.
Future VersionFuture Version--upup: : SSASSA is so scalable as to accept future UWB systems with better performance like Software Defined Radio(SDR).
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NICT’s Implementation of UWB Transceiver CMOS-MMIC for WPAN in Microwave Band
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NiCT NiCT developed SLOT BOWdeveloped SLOT BOW--TIETIEUWB AntennaUWB Antenna
(1) (1) Small and thin FRSmall and thin FR--4 substrate4 substrate(2) Frequency coverage(2) Frequency coverage:: 3.8 3.8 --10.6 GHz10.6 GHz(3) VSWR = 2.8(3) VSWR = 2.8(4) Return loss (4) Return loss ≈≈ --6.5 dB6.5 dB(5) Gain (5) Gain ≈≈ 2.2 2.2 -- 4.7 4.7 dBidBi
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Characteristics ofCharacteristics of NiCTNiCT developed SLOT BOWdeveloped SLOT BOW--TIETIEUWB AntennaUWB Antenna
VSWR< 3 (3.8 to 10.6GHz)Frequency GHz
Mag
nitu
de o
f V
SW
R
VSWR
Mag
nitu
de o
f Sca
tterin
g M
atrix
(d
B)
S11
Frequency GHzS11< -6 dB (3.8 to 10.6GHz)GAIN
Frequency (GHz)Gain > 2 dBi (3 to 10.6GHz)
Mag
nitu
de o
f Gai
n (d
Bi)
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Trend on UWBTrend on UWB--based Sensor Networkbased Sensor Network(IEEE802.15.4a)(IEEE802.15.4a)
Low Rate Sensor NetworkLow Rate Sensor NetworkStudy Group 4a was established July 2003Study Group 4a was established July 2003Technical Requirements for 15.4aTechnical Requirements for 15.4a
•• Low costLow cost•• Low data rate (>250kbps)Low data rate (>250kbps)•• Low complexityLow complexity•• Low power consumptionLow power consumption
–– Additional requirementsAdditional requirements((different from different from 15.415.4))
•• MobilityMobility((over 11mph)over 11mph)•• Accurate PositioningAccurate Positioning((<30cm<30cm))
•• Robustness against interferenceRobustness against interference•• Long distance Long distance
Call for ApplicationsCall for Applications–– 19 responses19 responses–– Proposals based on UWB transmissionProposals based on UWB transmission
What is the optimal What is the optimal modulation scheme for modulation scheme for IEEE802.15.4a?IEEE802.15.4a?
Hi Accuracy Positioning:Hi Accuracy Positioning:WidebandWidebandLow Cost: Low Cost: Simple ModulationSimple ModulationLow Power Consumption: Low Power Consumption: less less processing complexityprocessing complexity
Pulsed DS Pulsed DS UWBUWB has has been chosen as a single standard been chosen as a single standard of IEEE802.15.4a.of IEEE802.15.4a.
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Baseline Agreement of IEEE802.15.4a Baseline Agreement of IEEE802.15.4a in March 2005in March 2005
Points of Agreement for UWB Points of Agreement for UWB signallingsignalling–– Modulation schemeModulation scheme should admit multiple classes of receiversshould admit multiple classes of receivers
•• Transmitter based on deterministic Transmitter based on deterministic pulse structurespulse structures•• Should allow reception by Should allow reception by coherent, differentiallycoherent, differentially--coherent (can be TR) and coherent (can be TR) and
nonnon--coherent receiverscoherent receivers•• Provision for homogeneous operation when membership supports itProvision for homogeneous operation when membership supports it
–– Ternary modulationTernary modulation•• Specific modulation format TBD Specific modulation format TBD
–– SubSub--banding:(banding:(3.13.1--10.6GHz10.6GHz))•• Center of three bands is mandatory(Center of three bands is mandatory(500MHz bandwidth500MHz bandwidth))•• Other two optionalOther two optional•• Wider bandwidth (Wider bandwidth (1.5 GHz+1.5 GHz+) concentric with center band is optional) concentric with center band is optional•• CDMA within frequency bandsCDMA within frequency bands
–– Harmonic chip rateHarmonic chip rate –– integer relationship between center frequency and chip rate integer relationship between center frequency and chip rate •• Consider ways to avoid Japanese UNII band (shift band lower)Consider ways to avoid Japanese UNII band (shift band lower)
•• IntegerInteger--plusplus--half is also proposed, some concerns with DC balancehalf is also proposed, some concerns with DC balance•• Maintain 3.1 cornerMaintain 3.1 corner
•• Constant PRF is desired as possibleConstant PRF is desired as possible–– Specific band planSpecific band plan -- TBDTBD–– Cost effective reference frequencyCost effective reference frequency with appropriate PPM with appropriate PPM
•• Specific frequency and tolerance is TBDSpecific frequency and tolerance is TBD–– Potential for Potential for optional chirp modeoptional chirp mode (at best, if and where allowed)(at best, if and where allowed)
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Specified Issues and Optional Issues in Baseline Specified Issues and Optional Issues in Baseline Agreement of IEEE802.15.4a, March 2005Agreement of IEEE802.15.4a, March 2005
As noted on previous slideAs noted on previous slideMandatoryMandatory–– ~~500 center band500 center band
•• AM of 3.1AM of 3.1--4.9 is 3.9754.9 is 3.975•• GM of 3.1GM of 3.1--4.9 is 3.8774.9 is 3.877•• Center band frequency is TBD, but must be in [3.85 to 4.05]Center band frequency is TBD, but must be in [3.85 to 4.05]
OptionalOptional–– 2 additional 500 MHz bands for FDM 2 additional 500 MHz bands for FDM –– center frequencies TBDcenter frequencies TBD–– Wideband concentric with center specified aboveWideband concentric with center specified above–– SubSub--GHz bandGHz band–– Chirp Chirp of some form (could be of some form (could be 2.4 GHz band2.4 GHz band –– Merger E)Merger E)–– Chaotic waveform and SOP mechanisms for homogeneous (chaosChaotic waveform and SOP mechanisms for homogeneous (chaos--only) only)
networksnetworks–– Add Add THTH as additional SOP mechanismas additional SOP mechanism–– Add Add chirp chirp specifically for UWB as SOP mechanismspecifically for UWB as SOP mechanism–– Add specific optional band > 6 GHz with guaranteed >1.5GHz BWAdd specific optional band > 6 GHz with guaranteed >1.5GHz BW–– Support mode for higher data rates (few to 10 Mbps)Support mode for higher data rates (few to 10 Mbps)
Other issuesOther issues–– Desire to have Desire to have common packet for communications and rangingcommon packet for communications and ranging if possibleif possible–– Multiple (2Multiple (2--few) PRF in bandfew) PRF in band
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Additional Issues in Chirp Signaling in Additional Issues in Chirp Signaling in 2.4GHz band in the Baseline Agreement2.4GHz band in the Baseline Agreement
UWB UWB signallingsignalling is one of the two valid modes for is one of the two valid modes for communicationcommunication2.4 GHz chirp is a valid mode for communication only2.4 GHz chirp is a valid mode for communication onlyRanging shall not be supported for 2.4 GHz chirping, and shall Ranging shall not be supported for 2.4 GHz chirping, and shall be supported for UWB be supported for UWB signallingsignallingUWB is valid for both communications and rangingUWB is valid for both communications and ranging
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UWB Channel Model in 2UWB Channel Model in 2--10GHz band10GHz band ( (Average power decay profileAverage power decay profile))
ResidentialOfficeOutdoorIndustrialAv
erag
e po
wer
[dB]
Time [nsec]0 50 100 150 200
-30
-20
-10
0
NLOS
ResidentialOfficeOutdoorIndustrial
Aver
age
pow
er [d
B]
Time [nsec]0 50 100 150 200
-30
-20
-10
0
LOS
Industrial, Indoor residential, Indoor office, and Outdoor
Agricultural areas / Farms
Farm
Aver
age
pow
er [d
B]
Time [nsec]0 50 100 150 200
-30
-20
-10
0
Channel Propagation Models Channel Propagation Models in IEEE802.15.4ain IEEE802.15.4a
3 3 Signaling Schemes are assumedSignaling Schemes are assumed––UWB Scheme in 2UWB Scheme in 2--10GHz band10GHz band––UWB Scheme in VHF and UHF bandsUWB Scheme in VHF and UHF bands––Narrow band schemes (ISM bands such as 2.4GHz band )Narrow band schemes (ISM bands such as 2.4GHz band )
The following models for UWB schemes in 2The following models for UWB schemes in 2--10GHz band10GHz band––Industrial environments (LOS/NLOS)Industrial environments (LOS/NLOS)––Indoor residential (LOS/NLOS)Indoor residential (LOS/NLOS)––Indoor office (LOS/NLOS)Indoor office (LOS/NLOS)––Outdoor (LOS/NLOS)Outdoor (LOS/NLOS)––Agricultural areas/FarmsAgricultural areas/Farms––BodyBody--worn devicesworn devices
The model for UWB scheme in VHF and UHF bandsThe model for UWB scheme in VHF and UHF bands––LOS/NLOSLOS/NLOS
No restriction for No restriction for Naroow Naroow band schemesband schemes
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7 7 Groups based on 26 Proposals for Groups based on 26 Proposals for IEEE802.15.4a in January 2005IEEE802.15.4a in January 2005
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NiCTNiCT Proposal:Proposal:DSDS--UWB with an Optional CSUWB with an Optional CS--UWB for LowUWB for Low--
Rate Wireless Personal Area NetworksRate Wireless Personal Area NetworksAdvantages of using direct sequence UWB (DS-UWB)
and chirp signaling UWB (CS-UWB)
High frequency efficiencyHigh frequency efficiencyUniform use of frequency within the bandUniform use of frequency within the band
High robustness against noise andHigh robustness against noise and multipathmultipathCorrelated processingCorrelated processing
High compatibility with other existing systemsHigh compatibility with other existing systemsLow interference levelLow interference level
High feasibility for SOPHigh feasibility for SOPUse DS codes, chirp slops/patternsUse DS codes, chirp slops/patterns
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DSDS--UWB with an Optional CSUWB with an Optional CS--UWB UWB for for IEEE802.15.4aIEEE802.15.4a
GAGABPSKBPSK SpreadingSpreading
Transmitter
PulseshapingPulse
shaping
Local oscillator
Local oscillator
LPFLPF
LPFLPF
GAGA
GAGA
1 or 2-bit ADC
1 or 2-bit ADC
1 or 2-bitADC
1 or 2-bitADC
Sync.Sync.Local
oscillatorLocal
oscillator
Decision/
FEC decoder
Decision/
FEC decoder
I
Q
CHIRPCHIRP
De-CHIRP
De-CHIRP
Additional circuits to DS-UWB as an option
(24,12)-Golayencoder
(24,12)-Golayencoder
Pre-SelectFilter
LNALNA
Receiver
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Waveforms With/Without ChirpWaveforms With/Without Chirpof DSof DS--UWB with an Optional CSUWB with an Optional CS--UWB UWB
othersothers Data RateData RateBand Plan andBand Plan andBandwidth(BW)Bandwidth(BW) UWB SchemeUWB Scheme
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Expected UWB Applications in Expected UWB Applications in Millimeter Wave BandMillimeter Wave Band
ITS: Intelligent Transport SystemsITS: Intelligent Transport Systems–– Colision avoidance radarColision avoidance radar ( in 22( in 22--29GHz and 76GHz) 29GHz and 76GHz) –– Realization of both communication and rangingRealization of both communication and ranging with a single hardwarewith a single hardware
Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications–– Ultra high speed and user capacityUltra high speed and user capacity: : over 10 Gb/sover 10 Gb/s–– Short and long distanceShort and long distance communicationcommunication
Satellite and InterSatellite and Inter--Satellite Communications, Ranging & Satellite Communications, Ranging & PositioningPositioning–– Realization of both communication and rangingRealization of both communication and ranging without interferencewithout interference
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Type A
Type B
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UWB RadarUWB RadarConventional RadarConventional Radar::Low ResolutionLow Resolution((some 10cmsome 10cm~~ some some m)m)
SS(Spread Spectrum)RadarSS(Spread Spectrum)Radar
Advanced RadarAdvanced Radar::High ResolutionHigh Resolution((some some mm~mm~somesomecm)cm)UWBUWB RadarRadar
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5.8GHz:5.8GHz:•• Integration of Integration of large antenna sizeslarge antenna sizes into vehicle bumpers is not feasibleinto vehicle bumpers is not feasible•• Fractional BW for high resolution not achievable with AM (e.g. 5Fractional BW for high resolution not achievable with AM (e.g. 50%)0%)24GHz:24GHz:•• Integration of Integration of moderate antenna sizesmoderate antenna sizes into vehicle bumpers is feasibleinto vehicle bumpers is feasible•• Acceptable attenuation of µWave propagationAcceptable attenuation of µWave propagation trough bumper materialtrough bumper material•• Fractional BW for high resolution achievable with AM (e.g. 12.5%Fractional BW for high resolution achievable with AM (e.g. 12.5%))•• Availability of offAvailability of off--thethe--shelf components, mature production processesshelf components, mature production processes•• Economical hybrid design on softboard possible without MMIC‘sEconomical hybrid design on softboard possible without MMIC‘s61GHz / 77GHz:61GHz / 77GHz:•• Unacceptable attenuation of µWave propagation trough bumper mateUnacceptable attenuation of µWave propagation trough bumper materialrial•• no discrete packaged components availableno discrete packaged components available•• no priceworthy hybrid design, but MMIC‘sno priceworthy hybrid design, but MMIC‘s==> RTTT concepts uses different bands for various applications ==> RTTT concepts uses different bands for various applications 5.8GHz: Communication near range5.8GHz: Communication near range24GHz: Near Range Radar with moderate antenna 24GHz: Near Range Radar with moderate antenna focussingfocussing61GHz: Communication/Telematics mid range61GHz: Communication/Telematics mid range77GHz: Mid Range Radar with high antenna focussing like ACC77GHz: Mid Range Radar with high antenna focussing like ACC
Applicable Bands for Vehicular RadarApplicable Bands for Vehicular Radar
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Spectral Mask in Qusi-Millimeter Band(22-29GHz)
[GHz]Frequency
Rad
iation
le
vel
-41.3
-61.3
-75.3
-51.3
Peak E.I.R.P. power (FCC)(0dBm/50MHz)
0.96 1.61 22 29 31
Wireless Subscriber Communication
22.4
-22
.98
23.6
-24 24
.77-
25.2
3
25.2
7-26
.98
27.0
2-27
.46
Low Power Data Trasmission System
Prohibited Band S5.340)
31.3
-31
.5
15.3
5-15
.4
10.6
8-10
.72.69
-2.
7
1.4-
1.42
7
24.0
5-24
.25
(Moving-object detection sensor)
Average E.I.R.P. power (FCC)
[dB
m/M
Hz]
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RF Frequency 26.3 GHz
Transmission power 1.26 mW(Peak)
Modulation scheme Pulse(ASK) Pulse-width 1 nsecPulse-repetition period 300 nsec
Occupied band-width > 2 GHz
Preciseness of measurement < 30 cm
Max. detection distance 10 m @bore-sightUpdate period of output data 40 msec
NICTNICT’’ss Implementation of 26 GHz UWB Impulse Implementation of 26 GHz UWB Impulse Radar SystemRadar System
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3D Positionor
MesearmentEquipment
可動壁
UWB Sensor Node
MeasurementAntenna
UWB Sensor Node
Variable Wall
GeolocatrionEquipment
Ubiquitous UWB Sensor Network Test RoomUbiquitous UWB Sensor Network Test Room
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> Four working groups were set up to investigate compatibility between UWB and other radio communication systems in Nov. 2002:
Group 1: the Compatibility Model Working Group, Group 2: the Fixed-Broadcasting systems Working Group, Group 3: the Radar-Aviation and Maritime systems Working Group, Group 4: the Satellite-Low Power systems Working Group
> Comments were invited on the Draft Interim Report22 submissions received in the period 2 – 27 February 2004
3.1 UWB Radio Systems Regulatory Committeein MPHPT Telecommunications Council
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Impulse Radio type
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency [GHz]
Pow
er [
dBm
/MH
z]
Low-Band
High-Band
Full-Band
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency [GHz]
Pow
er [
dBm
/MH
z]
Low-Band
High-Band
Full-Band
f3432MHz
3960MHz
4488MHz
5016MHz
5808MHz
6336MHz
6864MHz
7392MHz
7920MHz
8448MHz
8976MHz
9504MHz
10032MHz
Band#1
Band#2
Band#3
Band#4
Band#5
Band#6
Band#7
Band#8
Band#9
Band#10
Band#11
Band#12
Band#13
GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D1stgeneration Reserved ReservedFuture
f3432MHz
3960MHz
4488MHz
5016MHz
5808MHz
6336MHz
6864MHz
7392MHz
7920MHz
8448MHz
8976MHz
9504MHz
10032MHz
Band#1
Band#2
Band#3
Band#4
Band#5
Band#6
Band#7
Band#8
Band#9
Band#10
Band#11
Band#12
Band#13
GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D1stgeneration Reserved ReservedFuture
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50
GHz
dB
Low-Band High-Band
fc=4.104GHz fc=8.208GHz3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50
GHz
dB
Low-Band High-Band
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50
GHz
dB
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50
GHz
dB
Low-Band High-
Band
fc=4.104GHz fc=8.208GHz
DS-UWB typeMB-OFDM type
3.1 10.6
Proposal 2 (dotted line)
FCCoutdoor
Part 15
Standards for Extreme Low Power Stations in Japan applied to portion of spectrum outside the range 3.1 – 10.6 GHz
< Proposal 2><Proposal 1>
Proposed Compatibility Models and Spectral Mask> Different types of UWB radio systems under consideration
> Proposals for emission power spectral mask
Based on FCC Outdoor specifications
3.1 10.61.9
0.96
1.61
FCCoutdoor
Proposal 1(dotted line)
Part 15
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1. Starting: ITU-R established Task Group 1/8 in the meeting of SG1 in July 2002.Assigned Questions are > Q.226(Spectrum management framework related to the introduction of ultra-wideband (UWB) devices) and > Q.227(Compatibility between ultra-wideband (UWB) devices and radiocommunication services).
2. Working Plan:Meetings are planned 4 times from 2003 to 04.General Chairman:Mr. Salim Hanna (Canada).
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Date and place: Geneva from 21-24 January 2003Attendees: 85 delegatesrepresenting 17 Administrations,
18 Sector Members including NICT,Input documents: 44 input documentsOutput (Temporary) documents: 23 temporary documents
ITU-R TG1/8: Summery of 1st meeting
ITU-R TG1/8: Summery of 2nd meetingDate and place: Geneva from 27-31 October 2003Attendees: 118 delegatesrepresenting: 26 Administrations
18 Sector Members including NICTInput documents: 57 input documentsOutput (Temporary) documents: 37 temporary documents
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Japanese Contributions on Measurements of Japanese Contributions on Measurements of UWB Signals for ITU TG1/8UWB Signals for ITU TG1/8
CONSIDERATION OF CONSIDERATION OF MEASURMENT OF UWB FH MEASURMENT OF UWB FH SYSTEMSYSTEM
ITU Document 1-8/50-E
CONCONCERNINGCERNING TIME DOMAIN MEASUREMENTSTIME DOMAIN MEASUREMENTS BY BY USINGUSING OSCILLOSCOPESOSCILLOSCOPES
ITU Document 1-8/49-E
CONCERNING CONCERNING EMISSION MASK MEASUREMENTS EMISSION MASK MEASUREMENTS USING A SPECTRUM ANALYZERUSING A SPECTRUM ANALYZER FOR UWB FOR UWB EQUIPMENT WITH AN INTERNAL ANTENNA EQUIPMENT WITH AN INTERNAL ANTENNA CONNECTORCONNECTOR
ITU Document 1-8/48-E
CONCERNINGCONCERNING PEAK POWER MEASUREMENT BY PEAK POWER MEASUREMENT BY USING A SPECTRUM ANALYZERUSING A SPECTRUM ANALYZER
ITU Document 1-8/47-E
CONCERNING CONCERNING METHOD OF PEAK POWER METHOD OF PEAK POWER MEASUREMENTSMEASUREMENTS
ITU Document 1-8/46-E
CCONCERING LIMITAION AND EXTENSION OF ONCERING LIMITAION AND EXTENSION OF FREQUENCY DOMAIN FREQUENCY DOMAIN MEASUREMENTS USING MEASUREMENTS USING CONVENTIONAL SPECTRUM ANALYZERCONVENTIONAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER
ITU Document 1-8/45-E
CONCERNING CONCERNING RADIATED MEASUREMENTS IN RADIATED MEASUREMENTS IN REVERBERATION CHAMBERREVERBERATION CHAMBER
ITU Document 1-8/44-E
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Date and place: Boston, USA , June 2004 Draft contributions from NiCT in Japan:
1 doc for Characteristics (WG1)7 docs for Measurement (WG4)
7 participants from NiCT and UWB consortium
ITU-R TG1/8: NiCT work for 3rd meeting
ITU-R TG1/8: NiCT Work for 4th meetingDate and place: Geneve, Switzerland, Nov.1-7 2004 Draft contributions from NiCT in Japan:
1 doc for Characteristics (WG1)7 docs for Measurement (WG4)
8 participants from NiCT and UWB consortium
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Date and place: San Diego, USA , May 18-27 2005 Draft contributions from NiCT in Japan:
2 doc for Characteristics (WG1)2 doc for Coexisitence (WG2)1 docs for Measurement (WG4)
12 participants from NiCT and UWB consortium
Final meeting will be held October 13-19 in GeneveAnd SG1 will be held Oct. 24-25. >NiCT contribute the activities of ITU-R TG1/8 positively.>NiCT aims that UWB can be introduced to the users soon under the harmonization in the world.>NiCT seeks best way from the point of users’ view.
ITU-R TG1/8: NiCT work for 5th meeting
ITU-R TG1/8: future meeting schedule
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Anticipation of UWB EvolutionAnticipation of UWB Evolution UWB is widely applicable practical physical layer technology.UWB is widely applicable practical physical layer technology.
(1) (1) Within a few years, wireless PAN and sensor network Within a few years, wireless PAN and sensor network based on UWB must be started servicing for the time to based on UWB must be started servicing for the time to market.market.(2)(2) More successive UWB products will bring us moreMore successive UWB products will bring us more
business opportunities in wireless CE, PC, Handset, ITS etc.business opportunities in wireless CE, PC, Handset, ITS etc. UWB brings various new research subjects in academic UWB brings various new research subjects in academic
works.works.(1) From (1) From Information Theoretical aspect, Information Theoretical aspect, capacity analysiscapacity analysis, , channel coding in space, time, and frequency domains(2) RF circuit and antenna for UWB need new design rule.RF circuit and antenna for UWB need new design rule.
Regulatory key issues for commercial UWB systems;(1) Compatibility: Avoidance of Interference to co-existing
systems should be ensured for radio regulation first.(2) Harmonization among different standards and regulations
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http://www1.ilcc.com/uwbst_iwuwbs2004/index.htm
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http://www.icu2005.ee.ethz.ch/
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http://www2.nict.go.jp/mt/b189/IWUWBT2005/
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New Book Release on this May by John Wiley&Sons:Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering by Ghavami, Michael, and Kohno
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Concluding RemarkConcluding RemarkSDR SDR and and UWBUWB are the most promised technologies for future are the most promised technologies for future wireless communication networks andwireless communication networks and create new applications, create new applications, e.g. ITS, medical care etce.g. ITS, medical care etc..Software Software reconfigurabilityreconfigurability(SDR, E2R) in multiple layers can (SDR, E2R) in multiple layers can improve improve adad--hoc wireless networkshoc wireless networks(WLAN, WPAN etc)(WLAN, WPAN etc) as well as well asas infrastructure wireless networksinfrastructure wireless networks(UMTS, 4G)(UMTS, 4G) in terms of in terms of ubiquitous connectivity, network transparency, and adaptive ubiquitous connectivity, network transparency, and adaptive resource managementsresource managements..UWB technologyUWB technology makes makes speed and capacityspeed and capacity of of adad--hoc wireless hoc wireless networksnetworks ultra higher, and ultra higher, and ranging and positioning resolutionranging and positioning resolution of of sensor networkssensor networks ultra higher.ultra higher.However, many unsolved problems have still remained in SDR However, many unsolved problems have still remained in SDR and UWB, so and UWB, so we hope to start collaborating with you for we hope to start collaborating with you for comprehensive solution !comprehensive solution !
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Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)
Design proper pulse waveform corresponding to required band restrictionMatch its spectra with required spectral mask in flexible and adaptive, even if regional spectral mask is changed
mτ1
∝
0ω
NiCT-UWB Consortium’s Soft-Spectrum UWBPHY Proposal for IEEE 802.15.3a
Basic Philosophy Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)
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(1) Free-verse Type Soft-Spectrum AdaptationFreely design pulse waveforms by synthesizing pulses,
e.g. overlapping and shifting
K-3 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse(Note: band notches clearly happen at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz as well)
time frequency
2.4GHz 5.2GHz
mτ1
∝
0ω
frequencytime
K-4 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse(Note: pulse waveform has more freedom)
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Exhibition
NICT
Motorola
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Anticipation of UWB EvolutionAnticipation of UWB Evolution
UWB is much more practical technology than SDR, soUWB is much more practical technology than SDR, sowithin a few years, wireless PAN based on UWB etc within a few years, wireless PAN based on UWB etc should be started servicing.should be started servicing.
Technical key issues for commercial UWB systems:Technical key issues for commercial UWB systems:(1) (1) Specification of signaling, modulation, chip design Specification of signaling, modulation, chip design
and architectureand architecture(2) (2) Protocol matched with UWB natureProtocol matched with UWB nature
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Anticipation of UWB Evolution(continue)Anticipation of UWB Evolution(continue)
Regulatory key issues for commercial UWB systems;
(1) Interference to and from co-exisiting systems(2) International fair competition rather than monopoly(3) Collaboration and cooperation among industry,
academia, and government.
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Elementary and CrossElementary and Cross--over Technologies over Technologies for SDR & UWBfor SDR & UWB
Transmission Tech.(Signal Design and Detection Theory)
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Receiver ArchitecturesReceiver Architectures
1stIF
ADCDigital
ProcessingRF
2nd LO
1st LO
Conventional Superheterodyne receiver:Even though this is widely used now, it is difficult
to change system parameters such as bandwidth,because RF and IF signals are processed by fixed analog components.
IF
ADCDigital
ProcessingRF
LO
IF sampling:Down-conversion from IF to baseband is done
digitally undersampling is necessary to sample bandpass IF signals
Baseband
BasebandADC
DigitalProcessingRF
LO
Direct (zero IF) down conversion:RF(Radio Frequency) is directly down-converted to
baseband in analog domain have to deal with DC offset problem
Near-zero IF
ADCDigital
ProcessingRF
LO
Near-zero IF down conversion:RF is down-converted to near-zero IF, which is
sampled digitally need not deal with DC offset problem
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Security problem for SDR
1. What is a secure way to download and reconfigure a software to a software radio terminal?
2. Is there a way to prevent hacking operation of a software radio terminal?
3. How can we change radio regulation based on type-approval so as to match with SDR commercial products?
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Part IPart I
Research on Software Research on Software ReconfigurableReconfigurable TechnologyTechnology
in Kohno Laboratoryin Kohno Laboratory
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KentaKenta UMEBAYASHIUMEBAYASHI–– Concept of Universal radio in SDRConcept of Universal radio in SDR–– Multimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identificationMultimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identification
Kentaro Kentaro IKEMOTOIKEMOTO–– Pulse Shape and Coded Modulation Technique Under Multi Path Pulse Shape and Coded Modulation Technique Under Multi Path
Fading ChannelFading Channel–– Adaptive Modulation & Channel Coding TechniqueAdaptive Modulation & Channel Coding Technique–– Modulation & Channel Coding Identification TechniqueModulation & Channel Coding Identification Technique–– System Sensing for SDR+UWB communication systemSystem Sensing for SDR+UWB communication system
Kazuyuki OKUIKEKazuyuki OKUIKE–– OnOn--Board Automatic Certification System (ACS) for Software Board Automatic Certification System (ACS) for Software
Defined RadioDefined Radio
Motoko Motoko TANIGUCHITANIGUCHI–– FPGA Fault Detection Using Error Correcting Codes for Software FPGA Fault Detection Using Error Correcting Codes for Software
Defined Radio SystemsDefined Radio Systems
Research on SDR Research on SDR in Yokohama National Universityin Yokohama National University
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Concept of Universal radio in SDRConcept of Universal radio in SDR
Subjects of the universal radio in SDRChannel estimation algorithm without any supplemental information is necessary to realize high adaptabilityUniversal algorithm which can adapt multiple types of the module is necessary to reduce number of the mode changingMode change recognition or identification is necessary to realize ultimate flexibility
Main advantages of an Universal RadioUltimate flexibility and adaptability → Dramatic improvement of Frequency utilization efficiency
Universal radio can adapt to the multiple communication systemsUniversal radio can estimate the environment and adapt it. Universal radio can be realized by using SDR techniques.
Universal radio
Channel Environment
Data base of software
User needs
Channel estimation
Mode change recognition
More flexible or universal mode
Fig.1 Basic Concept of Universal radio
Our research focuses on this subject with Modulation Identification technique without any supplemental information. In conventional technique, supplemental information is employed to control the mode change
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Multimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identificationMultimode PLL for carrier recovery and modulation identificationMultimode PLL
Multimode PLL can recover the carrier and identify the modulation type without supplemental information “Modulation identification” is key technology which can identify the mode change.
Contributions of this research: Carrier and initial phase offset problem is considered with digital PLL. Carrier lock and modulation identification are processed at same time, therefore, acquisition time is reduced. Multimode PLL is evaluated in the Adaptive Modulation System in ISDB-S
In modulation identification, other detection techniques, e.g. carrier recovery, countermeasures for fading have to be considered. Modulation identification technique has to be evaluated on the concrete application. This research show the solutions for above problems.
Fig.2 Multimode PLL
Brief Process of Multimode PLL
Initial Acquisition state: PLL does not operate = SW is openPhase Lock Detectors detect Lock or Non-LockMod ID logic output the modulation identification result or non-modulation due to the outputs of PLDsIf the modulation scheme is identified state is changed to tracking state. Otherwise, state is not changed.
Tracking state: PLL operate = SW is closedLoop filter (LPF) and Phase Error Detector (PED) are configured based on the identified modulation type. If the output of modulation identification non-modulation, state is changed to initial acquisition. Otherwise, state is not changed.
Frommatchedfilter
sin/costable
NCO
LPF Bank of PED
SW
Bank of phaselock detector
Modulation identification
BPSK PLD
QPSK PLD
8PSK PLD
16QAM PLD
Modulation ID(LOCK)
Digital PLL
I/Qsymbols
Control Signal
r(n) r’(n)
slo(n)
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0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4x 10-8
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Time [ns]
Am
plitu
de
n=1n=2n=3n=4n=5n=6n=7
Hermite polynomials functionHermite Pulse are orthogonality respectively
Transmits symbols simultaneously
UWB Signal with ModifiedUWB Signal with ModifiedHermite Pulses TrainHermite Pulses Train
Pulse Shape and Coded Modulation Technique Under Multi Path Fading Channel
Information S/PLDPCEncoder
Pulse Generator (N)
Antenna
Modified Hermite Pulse
DemodulatorP/SSum-ProductDecoder
Iterative Decoding
Information
Transmitter Side
Receiver Side
System Model
Theoretical and Simulated BER Characteristics of Hermite Pulse
ModifiedDistribution
ModifiedDistribution
ModifiedDistribution
Received Signal r(t)
OutputDecision
P/S
∫∞
∞dt()
)(1 th
)(2 th
)(thn
∫∞
∞−⋅= dtthtrC nn )()( 12 −= nn CD
∫∞
∞dt()
∫∞
∞dt()
Demodulator
Sum-Product
Pseudo LLR
EM Algorithm
HMM forFading Environment
Decoding Process
SynchronizationCarrier OffsetPhase Offset
Several Iterative Processing
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Trellis diagramTrellis diagram(Combined with several trellis diagram)(Combined with several trellis diagram)Estimate the encoder automaticallyEstimate the encoder automatically
Converted to encoder informationConverted to encoder informationObservation corresponds to encoder informationObservation corresponds to encoder informationEstimate the ML trellis encoder transitionEstimate the ML trellis encoder transition
Converted to FSM informationConverted to FSM informationObservation corresponds to FSM informationObservation corresponds to FSM informationEstimate the ML trellis FSM transitionEstimate the ML trellis FSM transition
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Current Radio Regulation Radios can’t reconfigure the system.
On-Board Automatic Certification System (ACS) for Software Defined Radio
SDR Terminal can reconfigure the system.
BACKGROUND
We have to change the radio regulation based on type approval to match SDR commercial products.
HOWEVER
I/O Interface
Certification Function
Data GenerationFunction
ACSData Base
ACS
Test Signals
Test & ReferenceSignals
Ant
enna
Pow
er
Am
p
RF/
IF
AD
C/D
AC
Mod
emC
hann
el C
odin
g
Info
Sec
Sour
ce C
odin
g
I/O
Reference Signals
Output signalsTest Signals
Output signals
SDR
Tamper Resistance
Fixed Module Reconfigurable Module
Governmental Authority Data Base
ACS ARCHITECTURE
Not in ExistenceNot in ExistenceMake ACSMake ACSStandardize ACSStandardize ACS
ACS ACS CreatorCreator
Use the SDR terminal without complicated operationUse the SDR terminal without complicated operationUserUser
Make SDR Software and Make SDR Software and Acquire the Acquire the Type Approval with Hardware Type Approval with Hardware ManufacturerManufacturer
Make SDR Make SDR softwaresoftware
Software Software ManufactureManufacturerr
Make SDR Hardware and Acquire the Make SDR Hardware and Acquire the Type ApprovalType Approval
Acquire the Type Approval of Acquire the Type Approval of Software with the Software Software with the Software ManufacturerManufacturer
Make SDR Make SDR Hardware and Hardware and Acquire the Type Acquire the Type ApprovalApproval
Hardware Hardware ManufactureManufacturerr
Provide the Wireless Communication Provide the Wireless Communication InfrastructureInfrastructureOperatorOperator
Provide the Provide the Public Key Infrastructure Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)(PKI)Authenticate the identity of users (Digital Signature:DS)Authenticate the identity of users (Digital Signature:DS)
Certification Certification AuthorityAuthority
Authorize SDR Hardware and Authorize SDR Hardware and SoftwareSoftware
Authorize SDR Authorize SDR HardwareHardware
GovernmentGovernmental Authorityal Authority
RoleRole((C3PC)C3PC)RoleRole((ACSACS))
RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE ACS
SDR HardwareManufacturer
SDR SoftwareManufacturer
GovernmentalAuthority
User
ACS Creator
WirelessServiceProvider
Type Approval of SDR Hardware
Sell the SDRHardware
Send theSigned andEncryptedSoftware
Send theTest Data or ACS Update
COMPAELSON OF ACS- AND C3PC- BASED FRAMEWORK
THEREFORE
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FPGA Fault Detection Using Error Correcting Codes for Software Defined Radio Systems
Remote maintenance of the SDR System• It is possible to maintain remotely because the terminal system is remotely self-reconfigurable• Significant advantage for users and manufactures
Protocol of the proposed systemFPGA hierarchical fault detection using error correcting code
SDR terminal Base station
The FPGA data of the SDR terminal request
Transmit the FPGA data about fault rate and fault part to the
base station
Generate a configuration data TD for the FPGA test and
transmit TD to SDR terminal
Implement TD on the FPGA and compute syndrome S as
the test.
S = 0 ?
Transmit S and the output code word w.
Decode w as detect fault part.Generate a new configuration data CD avoided fault part and transmit CD to
SDR terminal.
Implement CD
Re-implement
Test complete notice to Base station.Data of the FPGA is renewed.
Yes No
Fault Detection of FPGA in the SDR terminal after shipment• Possible to repair itself by using fault free parts• The purpose is only detecting and pinpointing the fault part• Reduction of the computational cost is required
• Based on the regularity of error correcting code which is beforehand given to the test output• The test areas are hierarchically distributed
A remote fault detection system with low computational cost at the terminal
Compute syndrome
Find σ(x)
Find positions
Find error values
Detecting faults Locating faults
Test output
In the SDR terminal In the base station
Syndrome & Output
Computational cost of the terminalCheck circuit areaThe average of the transmit information quantity
Degradation Reduction
Trade-offProbability of aliasing
The probability of not detecting fault correctly
Selection of error correcting code for test
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UWB HistoryUWB History
Ross 1963δ(t) response for
microwave N-ports
Ross 1965UWB technology
Research at Sperry
Bennet and Ross 1978Time Domain
Electromagnetics
Ross 1970sUS patents
Harmuth 1980sUWB antennas
BarrettBarrett 1989UWBTerm
(1) impulse radio (1) impulse radio (2) time domain(2) time domain(3) (3) carriercarrier--freefree
1990s UWBdevelopment
programs
FCC 14/02 2002UWB regulatory
approval
2004 and beyondCommercialization
of UWB applications
CRL 05 2002UWB project
Start
19981998FCC UWB
NOI
06 1999 UWB
devices
KohnoKohnoLaboratoryLaboratory
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Research Issues on Impulse Radio/UWB Research Issues on Impulse Radio/UWB in Kohno Laboratoryin Kohno Laboratory
1.1. Comparison between UWB and Comparison between UWB and SS SystemsSS Systems2.2. MultiMulti--level orlevel or MM--aryary schemes schemes for Improvement of UWB for Improvement of UWB
Transmission EfficiencyTransmission Efficiency3.3. Pulse Shaping and MultiPulse Shaping and Multi--pulse Shaping schemes pulse Shaping schemes for for
Improvement of UWB Transmission Efficiency Improvement of UWB Transmission Efficiency 4.4. MultiMulti--user Detection and Interference Cancellation user Detection and Interference Cancellation
Technologies Technologies for Improvement of UWB User Capacity for Improvement of UWB User Capacity 5.5. SpaceSpace--Time Equalization Technologies Time Equalization Technologies in the Presence of in the Presence of
MultipathMultipath Distortion Distortion 6.6. SpaceSpace--Time Interference Cancellation Technologies Time Interference Cancellation Technologies in the in the
Presence ofPresence of Overlaid or CoOverlaid or Co--existing Conventional Systemsexisting Conventional Systems7.7. Joint Communicating and Ranging Systems Joint Communicating and Ranging Systems Based on UWBBased on UWB8.8. Ultra Wideband Antenna Ultra Wideband Antenna for UWBfor UWB
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SynchronizationSynchronization and time base stabilityand time base stability–– Picosecond accuracyPicosecond accuracy–– Jitter reductionJitter reduction
PropagationPropagation–– Measurement schemes Measurement schemes for UWB signalfor UWB signal–– Channel modelsChannel models for indoor communication (e.g., very short range)for indoor communication (e.g., very short range)–– Channel models for higher frequency (e.g., above 2.4 GHz)Channel models for higher frequency (e.g., above 2.4 GHz)
AntennasAntennas–– Low cost, efficient, electrically small antennas for portable Low cost, efficient, electrically small antennas for portable
Subjects of Current Research (2/2)Subjects of Current Research (2/2)Important Aspects for UWB systems implementation
UWB commercial systems can be available only if low cost implementation of UWB circuits and antennas are ready for mass production as well as a theoretical performance analysis and a regulation rearrenagement.
New methods of measuring UWB signals and measurement equipments should be developed.
New Design rules of RF circuits for UWB impulse response should be invented and established different from conventional sinusoidal response.
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UWB Technology Institute in CRLUWB Technology Institute in CRL>> Aim:Aim:1.1. Promote R&DPromote R&D of UWB Commercial Systems and Its Related Technologies of UWB Commercial Systems and Its Related Technologies 2.2. Cooperation with Industry and AcademiaCooperation with Industry and Academia3.3. Modify Radio Regulation and Establish Guidelines and StandardModify Radio Regulation and Establish Guidelines and Standard>> Date:Date: Officially July 1, 2002 (Effectively May 2002)Officially July 1, 2002 (Effectively May 2002)>> Place: Place: CRLCRL(Communication Research Laboratory)(Communication Research Laboratory) in YRP in YRP >> Director: Director: Ryuji KohnoRyuji Kohno
UWB Consortium between Industry and Academia>> Aim:Aim:1. 1. R&D and Regulation of UWB Wireless SystemsR&D and Regulation of UWB Wireless Systems2. 2. Experimental Analysis of UWB System TestExperimental Analysis of UWB System Test--bedbed in band in band ((960MHz, 960MHz, 3.13.1--10.6GHz, 2210.6GHz, 22--29GHz)29GHz)
3. 3. R&D of Low Cost Module with higher data rate over 100MbpsR&D of Low Cost Module with higher data rate over 100Mbps4. 4. Contribution in Standardization and RegulationContribution in Standardization and Regulation in ARIB, MPHPT, ITU etcin ARIB, MPHPT, ITU etc
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Advantest CorporationAnritsu CorporationCASIO Computer Co., Ltd.Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.Fujitsu LimitedFurukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Hitachi Cable, Ltd.Hitachi Communications Technologies, Ltd.Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc.Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.
Companies participating in UWB Companies participating in UWB Consortium (1)Consortium (1)
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NEC CorporationNEC Engineering, Ltd.NTT Advanced Technology CorporationOki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.Omron CorporationSamsung Yokohama Research InstituteSamsung ElectronicsSANYO Electric Co., Ltd.Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd.Telecom Engineering Center
Companies participating in UWB Companies participating in UWB Consortium (2)Consortium (2)
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Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005Colloquium, Institute EUROCOM, France, June 23, 2005COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONSCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS (CSA2004), Banff, July 8, 2004(CSA2004), Banff, July 8, 2004
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Dr. Ryuji Kohno (CRL, Yokohama National Univ.)Dr. Ryuji Kohno (CRL, Yokohama National Univ.)> > Sub LeaderSub Leader
Dr. Dr. HiroyoHiroyo Ogawa (CRL)Ogawa (CRL)> Leaders of 5 Working Groups> Leaders of 5 Working Groups
Dr.Dr. TakehikoTakehiko Kobayashi; Kobayashi; WG on Channel PropagationWG on Channel PropagationDr.Dr. JunJun--ichiichi Takada; Takada; WG on System MeasurementWG on System MeasurementDr. Ryuji Kohno; Dr. Ryuji Kohno; WG on UWB System DesignWG on UWB System DesignDr. Toshiaki Matsui; Dr. Toshiaki Matsui; WG on UWB System ImplementationWG on UWB System ImplementationMr. Tetsuya Mr. Tetsuya YasuiYasui; ; WG on International CollaborationWG on International Collaboration
> Registered Researchers (incl. part> Registered Researchers (incl. part--time researcher)time researcher)83 Researchers from 22 organizations83 Researchers from 22 organizations
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Specification Bluetooth
Bluetooth Ver.2
5.2GHz Mobile Acess
License Free System in 60GHz
Targeted UWB System
Data Rate Upto 721kbps 2Mbps Upto 54Mbps Home-link 1.6Gbps
Communications Research Laboratory (CRL)& CRL-UWB Consortium
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Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) can adapt signal spectra to any spectral requirement by flexible pulse waveform shaping similar to Software Defined Radio (SDR). 1. Global regulation satisfaction: SSA can flexibly adjust UWB signal spectrum so as to match with spectral restriction in transmission power, i.e. spectrum masks.2. Interference avoidance for co-existence: SSA can adaptively avoid interference from and to co-existing systems in the same band and maximize spectral efficiency.3. Harmonization for various proposed systems: SSA is good for harmonization among different UWB systems because SSAincludes various proposed UWB systems as its special case, e.g.
XSI’s DS-CDMA as a case of Free-verse type SSAMBOA’s MB-OFDM as a case of Geometrical type SSA
4. Future system version-up: SSA is so scalable as to accept future UWB systems with better performance like SDR.
Advantages of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)
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DSDS--UWB operating bandsUWB operating bands
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Low Band
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
High Band
GHz GHz
MB-OFDM operating bands
f3432MHz
3960MHz
4488MHz
5016MHz
5544MHz
6072MHz
6600MHz
7128MHz
7656MHz
8184MHz
8712MHz
9240MHz
9768MHz
Band#1
Band#2
Band#3
Band#4
Band#5
Band#6
Band#7
Band#8
Band#9
Band#10
Band#11
Band#12
Band#13
10296MHz
Band#14
Band Group #1 Band Group #2 Band Group #3 Band Group #4 Band Group #5
2.5 Improved Common Signaling Mode (ICSM) using PSWF-type SSA pulse wavelets
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Basic principles of compatibility model in Japan(1) Radio spectrum is a finite resource. As such, radio spectrum usage
should adhere to international systems of rules and should be carefully designed to avoid future problems.
(2) As yet, UWB stations do not belong to any designated service and the UWB format is not based on the Radio Regulations (RR) allocations. As such, it is not considered in compliance with stipulations.
(3) The study of compatibility conditions is predicated on radio regulations (RR) Section 4.4 concerning interference.
[Radio Regulations. Section 4.4] Administrations of the Member States shall not assign to a station any frequency in derogation of either the Table of Frequency Allocations in this Chapter or the other provisions of these Regulations, except on the express condition that such a station, when using such a frequency such a station, when using such a frequency assignment, shall not cause harmful interference to, and shall nassignment, shall not cause harmful interference to, and shall not claim ot claim protection from harmful interference protection from harmful interference caused by, a station operating in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the Convention and these Regulations.
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Japanese Contributions on Measurements Japanese Contributions on Measurements of UWB Signals for ITU TG1/8of UWB Signals for ITU TG1/8
Japanese Regulator (MPHPT) has been investigatingmutual interference between UWB and victim systems.
Some results on measurements of UWB signals have been presented at ITU TG1/8.
This is important for a regulator to approve type of UWB systems. Regulators in ITU Region 3 (Korea, China,Singapole etc in Asia) may be mostly same situation.
Regulatory Committee for UWB Radio Systems in Ministry:MPHPT
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Joint UWBST&IWUWBS 20042004 Joint International Conference on UWB Systems &
Technologies(UWBST2004) and International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems(IWUWBS2004)
Hotel Granvia Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, May 19-21, 2004General Chair: Ryuji Kohno Yokohama National Univ.
Technical Program Chair: Tetsushi Ikegami, Meiji Univ.Technical Program Committee Co-Chairs: Yukitoshi Sanada, Keio UniversityShigenobu Sasaki, Niigata University
SponsorNational Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)Yokosuka Research Park R&D Promotion Committee (YRP) Yokohama National University 21st Century COE
Technical Sponsors(Tentative)IEEE Communication Society (COMSOC)IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society (MTT)IEICE Technical Group on Wide Band Systems (WBS)IEICE Technical Group on Radio Communication Systems (RCS)IEICE Technical Group on Microwave (MW)PULSERS, EuropeKorean UWB Forum, ETRIJapanese UWB Consortium
In Cooperation withMinistry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications (MPHPT), JapanMultimedia Mobile Access Communications Committee(MMAC)
Antennas and Propagation:AntennasChannel measurement and modelingField trials and measurements
Modulation Schemes and Systems:Modulation and detectionInterference and capacityReceiver architectures
Implementation:RF modulesIntegrated circuit design and implementationLow power consumption technique
Regulatory issues:Signal modelingCo-existence scheme with the other systems
UWB Applications:RadarPositioningAd-hoc networksTools for system analysis
Important Due DatesSubmission of 5 page full paper: 31 Dec, 2003Notification of acceptance: : 10 Feb, 2004Camera ready submission due:10 March, 2004
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(1) Harmonization with international studies is required, particularly with ITU-R and IEEE studies. Similarly, the outcomes of technical studies in Japan should be contributed in recommendations from organizations such as the ITU-R.
(2) Theoretical calculations based on the ITU-R recommendations and the proposed compatibility model incorporating FCC emission power proposals found that long separate distance or limitations on the number of devices would be required for compatibility between UWB and other radio systems, necessitating further studies as follows: > Study of actual effect of UWB based on experimental data and simulations > Detailed investigation to consider actual deployment of radio systems > Other strategies for mitigating interference > Review of emission power proposals
Further Studies
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Potential Applications of UWBPotential Applications of UWB
Wireless communicationsWireless communications– High speed/low speed and high user capacity– Short distance communication (e.g., a few km)– Indoor wireless (e.g., WLANs, wireless tags, WPAN)– Outdoor communications (e.g., WLL)
ITS: Intelligent Transport SystemsITS: Intelligent Transport Systems– Colision avoidance radar– Realization of both communication and ranging with a single hardware
• Imaging and sensors− Medical imaging− Ground penetration
• Security systems− Intrusion detection and sensing
Power C
onsumption
during Transmission
Achievable Transmission Rate(b/s)
1M 10M 100M
Higher Capacity
Low P
ower
Consum
ption
UWB
IEEE802.11a
IEEE802.11b
Bluetooth
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Yokohama National UniversityYokohama National UniversityCOE for Creation of Future Social Infrastructure Based COE for Creation of Future Social Infrastructure Based
on Information Telecommunication Technologyon Information Telecommunication Technology
Ryuji Kohno Ryuji Kohno Professor, Professor, COE LeaderCOE Leader
Division of Physics, Electrical and Computer Division of Physics, Electrical and Computer EngineeringEngineering
Yokohama National University, JapanYokohama National University, JapanEE--mail:mail: kohnokohno@@ynuynu.ac..ac.jpjp
Asso. Prof. Toshihiko Baba:Photonics Crystal, Opto-Electronics
Asso. Prof. Yasushi Takemura:High-Density Memory/StorageDevices
Prof. Tsutomu Matsumoto:Information Security, Tamper Resistancy
Prof. Shingo Ohmori(CRL)Design and Application of Satellite andMobile Communication Systems
Research on Intelligent Storage Devices Research on Optical-Radio Trasform
Research on RF System Implementation
Research on System Architecture
Network Infrastructure Based on Optical and Rado Telecommunication Technologies
Prof. Atsuo Kawamura:Mechatronics, Robotics
Prof. Rokuya Ishii:MultiMedia Siganal Processing, Proceesors
The COE’s Covering Research Fields
System Design Group
Device ResearchGroup
Prof. Hiroyuki Arai:RF Circuits, Antenna, Measurement
YNU COE for Future Social Infrastructure Based on Information Telecommunications
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Receiver ArchitecturesReceiver Architectures
1stIF
ADCDigital
ProcessingRF
2nd LO
1st LO
Conventional Superheterodyne receiver:Even though this is widely used now, it is difficult
to change system parameters such as bandwidth,because RF and IF signals are processed by fixed analog components.
IF
ADCDigital
ProcessingRF
LO
IF sampling:Down-conversion from IF to baseband is done
digitally undersampling is necessary to sample bandpass IF signals
Baseband
BasebandADC
DigitalProcessingRF
LO
Direct (zero IF) down conversion:RF(Radio Frequency) is directly down-converted to
baseband in analog domain have to deal with DC offset problem
Near-zero IF
ADCDigital
ProcessingRF
LO
Near-zero IF down conversion:RF is down-converted to near-zero IF, which is
sampled digitally need not deal with DC offset problem
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Table 1 Mobile Communication Systems in Japan
PDCPHS(micro cell)
IEEE802.11a,b,g,nMMAC
AnalogLow Power type
Frequency bands
Pocket Bell
System
Cellular
Wireless LAN
Pager
CordlessPhone
5.15-5.25 GHzAltair(Motorola)
2.0GHz800MHz, 1.5 GHz1.9 GHz
2.4 GHz, 5.2GHz(ISM band)
19 GHz
250 MHz
250/400 MHz
IMT-2000(CDMA1X)
Wireless PAN IEEE802.15.3a UWB-WPAN
3.1GHz – 10.6GHz(Ultra Wideband Tech.)
4G (MIMO-OFDMA) 4.5 GHz
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Fig.1 PDC/PHS Dual Mode Terminal “Doccimo”
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Fig.2 PDC Mobile Location Terminal by GPS( Naviewn )
Location IdentificationMap Information
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2. 2. IEICE Workshop on Software Radio inIEICE Workshop on Software Radio in June 30, 1999June 30, 1999Life Science Center, Life Science Center, SenriSenri, Osaka, Japan, Osaka, Japan
Regular Sessions(1) Opening Address by Ryuji Kohno (Yokohama National University)(2) “Research of Developing Software Radio Reciver in the ARIB Project”
by Tokihiko Yokoi (Toshiba) et al. (3) “Implementaion and Evaluation of Software Radio Receiver” by Yokoi
(Toyocom)(4) “Programable Real-time Simulator” by Ohta (MPT, CRL)(5) “Algorithm to Estimate Modulation Scheme and Symbol Synchronization” by
Kenta Umebayashi, Ryuji Kohno (Yokohama National University))Invited Talks(6) “Application of Super-conductor Device to Software Radio Systems” by
Katayama and Fujimaki(Nagoya University)(7) “Integration of Circuits for Software Radio Portable System” by Kenji
Yaniguchi, Ryuji Yoshimura, Tan Boon Keat, Tohru Ogawa (Osaka University)(8) “Software Antenna Based on Eigenvector Analysis” Toshio Karasawa
(University of Electro-Communications)(9) “Identify System for Unknown Modulated Signals” Shintarou Taira (National
Defense)(10) “Shannon vs. Moore: Digital Signal Processing for Broadband Wireless
Communications” by Ravi Subramanian (Morphics Technology)
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4. 4. IEICE Workshop on Software Radio inIEICE Workshop on Software Radio in April 17, 2000April 17, 2000YokosukaYokosuka Research Park(Research Park(YRPYRP), Kanagawa), Kanagawa
Invited Talks(1) “The Software Defined Radio Forum; An Overview” by Allan Margulies (MITRE
Co.) (2) “Software Defined Radio Forum Technical Committee Operations” by Peter Cook
(SDR Forum)Regular Sessions(3) “Proposal of a super-conducting tunable filter for software-defined radio” by
Shigeki Mototsu (Kinki Univ.) et al. (4) “A study on an adaptive symbol timing synchronization method for multi-mode &
multi-service software radio communication system” by Ryo Sawai (Chuo Univ.) et al.
(5) “Space Hopping Scheme Under Short Range Rician Multipath Fading Environment” by Satoshi Ishii (Yokohama National Univ.) et al.
(6) “Adaptive Block Coding and Decoding For Channel Condition Based on a Concept of Software Defined Radio” by Kentaro Ikemoto (Yokohama National Univ.) et al.
(7) “A Study on an Over-the-Air Download Scheme for Software Radios” by Hiroyuki Shiba (NTT) et al.
(8) “Flexible Security Systems and a New Structure for Electric Commerce for Software Radios” by Makoto Sugita (NTT) et al.
(9) “A Software Defined Radio using Direct Conversion PrinciplePrinciple”” by Hiroshi by Hiroshi Yoshida (Toshiba Co.) et al. Yoshida (Toshiba Co.) et al.
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1919. . IEICE Workshop on Software Radio in IEICE Workshop on Software Radio in June 27, 2003June 27, 2003RitsumeikanRitsumeikan University, ShigaUniversity, Shiga
[1] “System Sensing Using a Correlation of the Template Pulse for Impulse Radio Under the Ultra Wideband Wireless Communication Environment” by K. Ikemoto and R. Kohno (Yokohama National University)
[2]“Array Antenna based BSS for Radio Surveillance” by Edgar CARLOS, Jun-ichi TAKADA (Tokyo Inst. Tech.)
[3] “A Software Oriented Modem Architecture for UMTS Terminal and the Evaluation Board Development” by M. Mukai, T. Tomizawa, D. Takeda, T. Wakutsu, T. Tandai, A. Yamaga, Y. Miyamoto, and H. Tsurumi (Toshiba Corp.)
[4]“Implementation of Radio Security Module in Globally Roaming SDR Terminals” by Chih FungLAM, Tien Dzung DOAN, Kei SAKAGUCHI, Jun-ichi TAKADA, Kiyomichi ARAKI (Tokyo Inst. Tech.)
[5] “Conformity of Technical Standards for SDR -The Examination Outline in TELEC-” by K. Oda (TELEC)
[6] “A Study on Fault Detecting of FPGA Using Error Correcting Codes for Software Defined Radio Systems” by M. Taniguchi, K. Okuike, K. Umebayashi, H. Ochiai, and R. Kohno (Yokohama National University)
[7] “Influence of Jitter of Sampling Clock on the Performance of a Wideband Software-Defined Radio Base Station,” by K. Suzuki, H. Okada, T. Yamazato and M. Katayama (Nagoya University)
[8] “Application to the satellite Communication equipment of Software Defined Radio”, by H. Katagiri(NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems), O. Takeda (NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems), S. Senba (NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems), Y. Hisada, M. Tsuji (National Space Systems), T. Sezai (National Space Systems), and Y. Suzuki (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)
[9] “An Implementation of Digital Pre-distortion Linearizer for Software Defined Radio,” by H. Wang, K. Kosaka, K. Sakaguchi and K. Araki (Tokyo Inst. Tech.)
[10] “A Study on Blind Adaptive Modulation Scheme for Rain Attenuation by using Multimode PLL,”by K. Umebayashi (Yokohama National University), R. M. Zaragoza (San Jose State University) and R. Kohno (Yokohama National University)
[11]“The software radio technology and the subject towards deregulation of a wireless mobile network business free competition time” by T. Maeda (Ritsumeikan University)
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21.21. IEICE Workshop on Software Radio in IEICE Workshop on Software Radio in May. 31, 2004May. 31, 2004Toshiba Research Center, YokohamaToshiba Research Center, Yokohama
[1] “Experiment of Analog-Digital Signal Processing For Multi-Channel Reception,” by A. M. BOSTAMAN, Y. SANADA (Keio Univ.)
[2] “Gain/Phase Imbalance Correction Technique for Wideband QuadratureDemodulators using Digital Signal Processing,” by M. MATSUI, T. NAKAGAWA, K. KOBAYASHI and K. ARAKI (NTT)
[3] “FPGA Based Rapid Prototyping of MIMO 4×4 Spatial Multiplexing System,” by M. CUI, H. MURATA and K. ARAKI (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
[4] “Development of a Software Defined Radio Oriented MIMO Signal Processing Hardware,” by K. MIZUTANI, K. SAKAGUCHI, H. WANG, A. YAMAOKA, J. TAKADA, K. ARAKI (Tokyo Institute of Technology), S. MANABE (KodenElectronics Co., Ltd.)
[5] “Multi-Service Simultaneous Reception with Diversity Technique by Sharing Branches,” by N. SUZUKI, K. ITO, T. SHIBATA and N. ITOH (Toyota Central R&D labs. Inc.,)
[6] “A Study on Communication Quality Estimating Method between Heterogeneous Communication Systems,” by T. SAKAMOTO, K. ABE (Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.), T. Matsuoka, K. UMEBAYASHI (Univ. of Oulu), M. TANIGUCHI and R. KOHNO (Yokohama National Univ.)
[7] “On Wireless Resource Allocation in Networks Using Software Defined Radio,” by M. Taniguchi, R. Kohno (Yokohama National Univ.), K. UMEBAYASHI (Univ. of Oulu), T. SAKAMOTO, K. ABE and T. MATSUOKA (Matsushita Electric Ind Co., Ltd.)
[8] “The Outline of Core Framework and Waveform Application of SCA (Software Communication Architecture) v2.2,” by S. NAKAMURA, T. FUJII and Y. KANAHASHI
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RF:2.45GHz
RF/IFA/D,D/AConversion
Pre/PostProcessor
DSPInterface
CPU
ISDNInterface
(BS)Voice,DataInterface
(PS)MMI
CallControl
Synchro-nizationMODEMCODEC
ANT Beam Control
CH MUX/DEMUXFilteringAGC
Freq. Conversion
Amp.Filtering
CPU:300MHz, 64MB MemoryHDD:2GB
1600MIPS×4, 200MHz
D/A:10bit,104MHzA/D:12bit,52MHzVME Bus
IF 39MHz+6.5MHz
RF:2.45GHz
RF/IFA/D,D/AConversion
Pre/PostProcessor
DSPInterface
CPU
ISDNInterface
(BS)Voice,DataInterface
(PS)MMI
CallControl
Synchro-nizationMODEMCODEC
ANT Beam Control
CH MUX/DEMUXFilteringAGC
Freq. Conversion
Amp.Filtering
CPU:300MHz, 64MB MemoryHDD:2GB
1600MIPS×4, 200MHz
D/A:10bit,104MHzA/D:12bit,52MHzVME Bus
IF 39MHz+6.5MHz
Fig.3 Configuration of NTT’s prototype SDR station.
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1. 1. Date: Date: October 17, 2001October 17, 20012.2. Place:Place: Conference Hall, Conference Hall, Ministry of Public management, Home affairs, Posts and Ministry of Public management, Home affairs, Posts and
Telecommunications (MPHPT), TokyoTelecommunications (MPHPT), Tokyo3. Organizers: 3. Organizers: IEICE SRIEICE SR--TGTG,,TELEC, MPHPT, SDR Forum, ITU JapanTELEC, MPHPT, SDR Forum, ITU Japan4. Program13:00-13:10 Opening remarks: Ryuji Kohno (Chairman of IEICE SR-TG) 13:10-13:40 Invited speech 1 “New FCC Software Defined Radio Policy” Speaker: Mike Marcus (FCC, USA)
13:40-14:10 Invited speech 2“System Aspects of SDR Regulation” Speaker: Stephen Blust (SDR Forum, USA)
14:10-14:45 Invited speech 3“ Activity on the technical regulation conformity certification of software radio - Japan -”Speaker: Kiyoshi Sekiguchi (MPHPT) and Koichi Sazanami (TELEC)
14:45-15:00 Coffee Break15:00-16:30 Panel Session (Simultaneous interpretation available) “Subjects and its solutions for the technical regulation conformity
certification of software radio”Moderator: Ryuji Kohno (Chairman of IEICE SR-TG)Panelists: Mike Marcus (FCC), Stephen Blust (SDR Forum), Koichi Sazanami (TELEC), Mark Cummings (enVia), Mike Chartier (Intel), Hiroshi Harada (CRL), KazuhiroUehara (NTT), Masaaki Katayama (Nagoya Univ.), Junichi Takada (Tokyo Inst. of Tech.), Shinichiro Haruyama (SONY CSL), Hiroshi Tsurumi (Toshiba)
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URSI-GA 2002 , Maastricht, August 19, 2002Commission C – Signals and Systems
Session C.1: Software Reconfigurable Radio Systems(I)Chair: Ryuji Kohno (Yokohama National University, Japan)
・・8:308:30--8:50 8:50 C.1.1 C.1.1 Security Issues of Downloading for Software ReSecurity Issues of Downloading for Software Re--Configurable Configurable Radio Systems Versus Usual Internet DownloadingRadio Systems Versus Usual Internet Downloading (invited paper)(invited paper)Miodrag MihaljevicMiodrag Mihaljevic(SONY CSL) and (SONY CSL) and Ryuji KohnoRyuji Kohno(Yokohama National University)(Yokohama National University)・・8:508:50--9:10 C.1.2 9:10 C.1.2 Software Defined Radio; Current State/Future Directions of Software Defined Radio; Current State/Future Directions of The Technology and the Need for International Coordination on ReThe Technology and the Need for International Coordination on Regulationgulation(invited paper), (invited paper), Mark CummingsMark Cummings ((EnViaEnVia, USA), USA)・・9:109:10--9:30 C.1.3 9:30 C.1.3 Scalable Architecture for Computationally Intensive Software Scalable Architecture for Computationally Intensive Software Radio SystemsRadio Systems (invited paper)(invited paper)Stephen PearceStephen Pearce and David and David MurotakeMurotake (Mercury Computer Systems,USA)(Mercury Computer Systems,USA)・・9:309:30--10:00 Break10:00 Break・・10:0010:00--10:20 C.1.4 10:20 C.1.4 A Solution for Regulatory Issues with SDRA Solution for Regulatory Issues with SDR (invited paper)(invited paper)Nigel Nigel JefferiesJefferies, Walter , Walter TuttlebeeTuttlebee, and Klaus , and Klaus MoessnerMoessner ((VodafoneVodafone, VCE, UK), VCE, UK)・・10:2010:20--10:40 C.1.5 10:40 C.1.5 Channel Diversity in Mobile Software Radio ReceiversChannel Diversity in Mobile Software Radio Receivers: : Harald SchneppHarald Schnepp, , JohannJohann--Friedrich LuyFriedrich Luy, Peter , Peter RusserRusser ((DaimerChryslerDaimerChrysler, TU , TU MuenchenMuenchen, Germany), Germany)
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Research Trend in 2Research Trend in 2ndnd StageStageAfter 2001 (from Activities of IEICE SRAfter 2001 (from Activities of IEICE SR--TG)TG)–– Developed key technologiesDeveloped key technologies
•• Software Processing (adaptive) Antenna and SpaceSoftware Processing (adaptive) Antenna and Space--Time ProcessingTime Processing•• Broadband and multipurpose analogBroadband and multipurpose analog--toto--digital converterdigital converter•• Software Software Reconfigurable Reconfigurable LOGICLOGIC•• Direct Converters for low power consumption and high Direct Converters for low power consumption and high reconfigurabilityreconfigurability•• RF Analog Processing and LOGICRF Analog Processing and LOGIC
–– Solutions for problems when we introduce software radioSolutions for problems when we introduce software radio•• Security for hardware and softwareSecurity for hardware and software
•• Security for software downloadSecurity for software download
•• Problems when certification bodies give license for software radProblems when certification bodies give license for software radio equipments: io equipments: New Type Approval SchemeNew Type Approval Scheme
•• Electrical labelingElectrical labeling
–– New applicationsNew applications–– Development of prototypeDevelopment of prototype
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Sales and purchaseApplication and certificationfor technical regulation conformity
The hardware and software for the radio are integral and The hardware and software for the radio are integral and inseparable inseparable ------ Hardware Defined Radio (HDR)Hardware Defined Radio (HDR)
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Sales and purchaseApplication and certificationfor technical regulation conformity
The hardware and software for the radio are not integral and sepThe hardware and software for the radio are not integral and separable.arable.Software manufacturer and hardware manufacturer belong to a Software manufacturer and hardware manufacturer belong to a common company or a common alliance.common company or a common alliance.
Software
Hardware
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Hardware Manufacturer Radio Equipment Certified hardware
and software are integrated at the user
Software
Hardware
Hardware
Application and certificationfor technical
regulation conformity
HardwareFlow
SoftwareFlow
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Configuration of the SDR TerminalConfiguration of the SDR Terminal
Connecters
FPGAAD
DA
FPGA
FPGA
FPGA
AD
DA
AD
DA
AD
DA
RFcnt.
RFcnt.
Connecters
CLK
CLK
MainCPU
SubCPU
CPU boards FPGA boards
Rch
LchEEPROM
RF boards
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Security problems for SDR1. Secure Download: What is a secure way to download and reconfigure a software to a SDR terminal?
2. Secure Operation: Is there a way to prevent hacking operation in a SDR terminal?
3. Secure Certification: How can we approve a type of SDR terminals (type-approval) by radio regulation?
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OverviewOverview
Demands for Software Defined Radio (SDR) or Demands for Software Defined Radio (SDR) or ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio and NetworkRadio and NetworkResearching Bodies for SDR in JapanResearching Bodies for SDR in JapanTrend of R&D for SDR in JapanTrend of R&D for SDR in JapanAnticipation for Future SDRAnticipation for Future SDR
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NICTNICT’’ss New Generation Mobile (New Generation Mobile (NeGeMoNeGeMo) Network Project) Network ProjectSeamless accessSeamless access to the public and private networks (ex. to the public and private networks (ex. Internet) through heterogeneous radio access networks Internet) through heterogeneous radio access networks ((RANsRANs))Secure service (application) handoverSecure service (application) handover between public and between public and private networksprivate networks
Cellular phone network
Intelligent Transport Systems(ITS) network
Home network
Broadcasting networkWireless LAN network Multimode terminal
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When software radio is applied to new When software radio is applied to new generation mobile communication systemsgeneration mobile communication systems
BSBSBS APAP
Internet
AP APWLAN
.11a .11b/gSDR
Terminal
System handover
mode
System handover
mode
Multiple service mode
3G2G
L2Sw / L3Sw / Mobile IP
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To realize To realize NeGeMoNeGeMo (Beyond 3G)(Beyond 3G)System System ““selectionselection”” ( System handover)( System handover) modemode–– Soft handover mode between different systems Soft handover mode between different systems –– Hard handover mode between different systemsHard handover mode between different systems
System System ““multiplexingmultiplexing”” modemode–– Multiplexing between different systems Multiplexing between different systems –– Multiplexing between same systems Multiplexing between same systems
System System ““avoidanceavoidance”” modemode
Software Software Reconfigurable Reconfigurable Radio and NetworkRadio and Network1. 1. Broadband & MultiBroadband & Multi--band for Multiband for Multi--mode Servicemode Service2. 2. ReRe--configurability configurability of Hardware with Softwareof Hardware with Software3. 3. Secure Secure DownloadabilityDownloadability4. 4. Adaptive SensingAdaptive Sensing Radio Environment Radio Environment
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Beyond 3G Beyond 3G && Hotspot System Based on Hotspot System Based on Software Software ReconfigurableReconfigurable Radio and NetworkRadio and Network
Internet
Core NetworkSegment Network
(Bus type)Segment Network
(Star type)
SDR-basedAccess point
(AP)
To other network
Edge router
Switch
High mobilitySDR-basedterminal
Sub-Segment Network(ROF type)
Control AP
Local AP
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50Mbps
Mobility
Indoor
Nomadic
IMT-2000(3G-cellular)
4G-Cellular
2M 10MData Speed
Targeting UWB Systems (Data rate vs Mobility speed)
GSMPDCPHS
Bluetooth5.2GHz-WirelessAccess
UWB SystemsPedestrian
100Mbps
WPAN, RADAR,
Sensor network etc
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> Interference with coexisting radio systems
The proposed compatibility model was subject to interference calculation under the following conditions to assess interference by a single UWB device with other radio communication systems (test details shown separately). • FCC transmission power mask: -41.3 dBm/MHz at 3.1 – 10.6 GHz • Free space propagation• Wall attenuation: 12 dB (assuming indoor use;
outdoor use: four times greater separate) • Average power and peak power evaluation
Used Cases and Interference to Existing Systems> Proposed used cases
The main specifications of proposed used cases in the compatibility model are as follows:
• Indoor usage (wall attenuation: 12 dB) • Users density: 3,000 devices per km2
• Active ratio: averaging 1% – 5% on per time basis • Operation on board an aircraft, a ship or a satellite is prohibited
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Working Group 1 (WG 1) – UWB characteristicsChairman: William Gamble (USA)Mandate: To collect and document key technical and operational characteristics of UWB;
Working Group 2 (WG 2) - UWB compatibilityChairman: Yves Ollivier (France).Mandate: To address compatibility issuesDeliverables: 1 One or more ITU-R Recommendation(s) on compatibility
between UWB devices and Radiocommunication services.2 ITU-R Report summarizing the results of technical studies on
compatibility between UWB devices and Radiocommunicationservices.
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Working Group 3 (WG 3) - UWB spectrum management frameworkChairman: Christoph Wöste (Germany).Mandate: to prepare a spectrum management framework intended as guidance to administrations considering the introduction of UWB devices.
Working Group 4 (WG4) - UWB measurement techniquesChairman: Tetsuya Yasui ( NiCT, Japan)Mandate: To develop appropriate measurement techniques for UWB emissionsDeliverables:Develop one or more ITU-R Recommendation providing guidance to administrations how to measure emissions from devices using UWB technology.
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Date and place: Geneva from 21-24 January 2003Attendees: 85 delegatesrepresenting 17 Administrations,
18 Sector Members including NiCT,Input documents: 44 input documentsOutput (Temporary) documents: 23 temporary documents
ITU-R TG1/8: Summery of 1st meeting
ITU-R TG1/8: Summery of 2nd meetingDate and place: Geneva from 27-31 October 2003Attendees: 118 delegatesrepresenting: 26 Administrations
18 Sector Members including NiCTInput documents: 57 input documentsOutput (Temporary) documents: 37 temporary documents
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Traditional UWB(Impulse Radio, Carrier-free)1. Modulation
Carrier FreeUsing a train of impulsive signals
(1) PPM(Pulse Position Modulation)(2) Bi-phase Modulation
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Japanese Regulatory Schedule on Japanese Regulatory Schedule on Commercial UWB SystemsCommercial UWB Systems
May, 2002: NICT(CRL) established UWB technology Institute.August 2002: MMAC established UWB committeefor commercial UWB WPAN and home-link.
Sept. 2002: NICT(CRL) established UWB Consortium.Nov. 2002: MPHPT organized UWB regulatory committee.March, May, July, Sept.,Nov. 2003, Jan., March, May and July 2004:
NICT(CRL) and UWB consortium proposed a Soft-SpectrumAdaptation(SSA) scheme for IEEE 802.15 TG3a.
Feb., 2004: MPHPT released an interim report of UWB Radio regulation.3rd Q, 2004: MPHPT will partially approve a commercial UWB regulation.
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2.4 Implementation realization of SSA-UWB transceiver CMOS-MMIC
Press Release by NiCT (CRL):
“Tokyo, Japan, March 15, 2004 – NICT ( former CRL) today announced an achievement for having developed a world’s first Ultra Wideband (UWB) transceiver modules using 0.18-micron CMOS-MMIC (3mm2)technology, realizing maximum data rate of 320 Mbps jointly with a number of industry members in UWB Consortium. These UWB transceiver modules can be applied to Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA), not only for impulse radio transfer but also for multi-band OFDMtransfer etc. It will be used for high data rate transmission evaluation, interference avoidance and UWB regulation establishment. Detailed information are expected to be published at the Joint UWBST&IWUWBS 2004, Kyoto, in May 2004. ”
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Remained Research Issues for Remained Research Issues for SoftwareSoftware ReconfigurableReconfigurable RadioRadio
1. Reconfigurable Hardware Architecture: Mass Production
of Reconfigurable LOGICs
2. API among Several Modules:
Description Language, Range of Standardization
3. Inter-operable OS: Multiple Processors & CORBA
4. Various Network Architectures: System Handover
5. Secure Protocol of Download Services
6. End-to-end Reconfigurabilty via Various Networks
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1. Secure Download: What is a secure way to download and reconfigure a software to a SDR terminal?
2. Secure Operation: Is there a way to prevent hacking operation in a SDR terminal?
3. Secure Certification: How can we change radio regulation based on type-approval so as to match with SDR commercial products?
ソフトウェア無線における情報セキュリティ問題
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SDR versus Internet DownloadSDR versus Internet Download
**Individual link bit rate: peer to peerIndividual link bit rate: peer to peerで最で最低低11kbps @ PHY _SAPkbps @ PHY _SAP**Aggregated bit rate:data collectorAggregated bit rate:data collectorは最低は最低11Mbps @ PHY_ SAPMbps @ PHY_ SAPのデータ捕捉が可能のデータ捕捉が可能であること(緊急事態や、同時に各ノードであること(緊急事態や、同時に各ノード情報を更新する場合に備えて)情報を更新する場合に備えて)
DeDe--chirp is realized by doing correlated processing.chirp is realized by doing correlated processing.
Cor
rela
toro
utpu
tTime shift[s]
Frequency
Time
Freq
uenc
yA
mpl
itude
Time
Correlated processing
B: 3-dB bandwidth of chirpT: time interval of chirp
T
Chirp can be done by passing a pulseChirp can be done by passing a pulse signal through a DDL.signal through a DDL.
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Why CSWhy CS--UWB is needed?UWB is needed?
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Cross-correlation coefficient
CS-UWBDS-UWB
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Cro
ss-c
orre
latio
n co
effic
ient
Normalized time difference
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Concept of onConcept of on--board ACSboard ACS・・TypeType--Approval function in Approval function in LicenceLicence--CertificateCertificate--Body Body
can be carried out with can be carried out with OnOn--Board, OnBoard, On--Chip, OnChip, On--Line, and RealLine, and Real--time.time.
・・Each Each reconfigurablereconfigurable modulemodule in SDR architecture in SDR architecture can be approved on board or on chip.can be approved on board or on chip.
・・ACS consists of ACS consists of tamper resistant hybrid hardware tamper resistant hybrid hardware and softwareand software..
OnOn--Board Automatic Certificating Board Automatic Certificating System (ACS) for SDRSystem (ACS) for SDR
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RadioRadio Resource Management in Network Using Resource Management in Network Using SDR SDR BasestationBasestation and Terminalsand Terminals
one one SDR SDR BasestationBasestation(BS)(BS)Several TerminalsSeveral Terminals–– SDR and conventional SDR and conventional
terminals are mixedterminals are mixedDownlinkDownlink
!|,,,
|,,,),(
21
21
NymmmMNxsssS
MSG
y
x
≤=≤=
=
L
LG : NetworkS : Set of schemes in GM : Set of combinations among elements of S
BS (SDR)
Terminal1Scheme s1
Terminal2SDR
TerminalNScheme s2
TerminalnScheme sx
……
mi = (Scheme of terminal1, Scheme of terminal2, ・・・, Scheme of terminalN)
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UWB Technology Institute in NICT(CRL)UWB Technology Institute in NICT(CRL)>> AimAim1.1. Promote R&DPromote R&D of UWB Commercial Systems and Its Related of UWB Commercial Systems and Its Related
Technologies Technologies 2.2. Transfer the TechnologiesTransfer the Technologies to Industry by to Industry by Cooperation with Cooperation with
Industry and AcademiaIndustry and Academia3.3. Modify Radio Regulation and Establish Guidelines and Modify Radio Regulation and Establish Guidelines and
StandardStandard
>> Date: Date: May 1, 2002 May 1, 2002
>> Place:Place:NICTNICT(former CRL:Communication Research Laboratory)(former CRL:Communication Research Laboratory) in in YRP YRP (Yokosuka Research Park)(Yokosuka Research Park)
>> Director: Director: Ryuji KohnoRyuji Kohno
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Motivation for UWB research in NICTMotivation for UWB research in NICT
Focus has turned to wireless communications capable of providingFocus has turned to wireless communications capable of providingbroadband communication environment any time anywhere. Above broadband communication environment any time anywhere. Above all, UWB is attracting attention for all, UWB is attracting attention for ubiquitous wireless systemubiquitous wireless system. . Therefore, NICT established Therefore, NICT established UWB Technology InstituteUWB Technology Institute (Director: (Director: Prof. Prof. Ryuji KOHNORyuji KOHNO) in ) in YokosukaYokosuka Radio Communications Radio Communications Research Center in MayResearch Center in May, 2002., 2002.
NICT:National institute of Information and Communications Technology
Duty: Fundamental or public R&D regarding information technology, communication technology and radio technology
Budget: Funded mainly by Japanese government
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Study items for UWB technologyStudy items for UWB technology
NICT has a lot of study items for UWB.NICT has a lot of study items for UWB.For instance as follows;For instance as follows;A)A) Optimization of Optimization of communication method and protocolcommunication method and protocol
with regard to communication and rangingwith regard to communication and rangingB)B) Implementation of Implementation of circuit and devicecircuit and device to generate to generate
shaped pulse with shaped pulse with SSA (soft spectrum adaptation),SSA (soft spectrum adaptation),and UWB antennaand UWB antenna
C)C) PropagationPropagation characteristics and characteristics and measurementmeasurement for for UWB signal in wide frequency bandwidth and lower UWB signal in wide frequency bandwidth and lower powerpower
D)D) Interference Interference with wireless systems sharing the same with wireless systems sharing the same frequency band frequency band
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NICT UWB ProjectNICT UWB Project
NICTNICT--UWB projectUWB projectA)A) This project is advanced by the collaboration This project is advanced by the collaboration
with related study groups in NICT in the with related study groups in NICT in the leadership of UWB Technology Group. leadership of UWB Technology Group.
B)B) Several researchers in NICT as well as Several researchers in NICT as well as excellent researchers in the field of UWB excellent researchers in the field of UWB study participate in this project.study participate in this project.
C)C) Collaboration with academia, industry and Collaboration with academia, industry and international forum is promoted positively.international forum is promoted positively.