Future Networks and Services Maurizio Dècina Politecnico di Milano
Future Networks and Services
Maurizio DècinaPolitecnico di Milano
Agenda
• Internet Trends & Future• Internet (Web) of Things • Green & Cloud Computing• Future (Converged) Networks• Future (Mobile) Services
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 2
The World in 2010: ICT facts and figures
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 3
‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10‘05
Billion
s of internet users
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
0
The world now boasts an estimated 5.3 billion mobile subscriptions, of which 3.8 billion are in the developing world. And Internet users have surpassed the 2‐billion mark.
*CIS: Commonwealth of Independent States
AfricaArab StatesCIS*EuropeAmericasAsia Pacific
Internet Users by Region
Internet Traffic Growth
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index , 2010 & Mobile 2011
2015 VoIP traffic = 1.5% mobile traffic & 0.4% total traffic
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 4
‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15Petabytes(101
2 ) per M
onth
VoIPGamingM2MP2PWeb/dataVideo
66%
21%
7,000
3,500
Mobile internet traffic92% CAGR 2010‐201534% CAGR 2009‐2014
Internet traffic trend
70
35
Exabytes
(101
5 )pe
r Mon
th
0‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14‘09
BusinessMobileManaged IPInternet
MobileManaged IPInternet
Consumer
4%
4%8%
17%
66%
Internet Value Chain
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 5
1,927 US $b
• 62% revenues from online services, 17% from connectivity• 62% revenues from business users, 38% from consumers• 80% business revenues from online services Source: AT Kearney,
2010. (Year 2008 data)
34
1,198
61
325
309
2008 Revenues
Content rights Online services
Enabling technology services
Connectivity User interface
• Video • Audio• Books• Gaming• Adult content• Editorial control
• Text, images, voice• Video
• Online billing & payments SP
• WEB hosting• Content mgmt• Web design/dev.
• Software• Media players• Internet
browsers
• PCs• Smart phones• Games consoles• Other Internet
Access HW• Operating Systems
• Online adv. Agencies/Networks
• Ratings/analytics
MEDIA RIGHTS OWNERS
UGC
Communications
General content
Search
Entertainment
Transactions
Support Tech.
Billing & payments
Advertising
Core network
Interchange
Retail Internet Access
Applications
Devices
Over The Top providers Telecom providers Interface providers
IEEE Technology Time MachineSymposium on Technologies Beyond 2020
• Cloud Computing • Internet of Things• Smart Grid• e‐Health • Intelligent Transportation
Systems
• Future Directions in Wireless
• Future Mobile Services
• Future of Silicon based Microelectronics
• Carbon Nanostructures and conducting Polymers in Electronics
• Energy Harvesting and Storage
• Advances in Biomedical Engineering
• Displays and Touch screens• Natural User Interfaces and
Augmented Reality
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 6
The Internet of the Future
Social NetworksSemantic WebInternet of ThingsWeb Services
Increasin
g Kn
owledge Networking
Increasing Social Networking
The Semantic Web(knowledge)
The Social Web(people)
The Ubiquitous Web(people & objects)
The Web(information)
After Nova Spivak, Radar Networks & Mills Davis, Project 10x
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 7
The Network of the Future
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 8
Internet Architecture & Network Technologies
Spectrum Efficient Radio Access
Application server
Optical switching
High Speed Broadband Access
Personal spaceAd‐Hoc mesh
relay
Cellular and beyond
Gateway
BroadcastCooperating Objects/Sensor
Networks
Public Internet
Opticaltransmission
Application server
Operator A
Operator B
Converged & Optical Networks
European Commission,Information Society & Media
Agenda
• Internet Trends & Future• Internet (Web) of Things • Green & Cloud Computing• Future (Converged) Networks• Future (Mobile) Services
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 9
Athena/MinervaGoddess of Wisdom
Internet of Things & Context‐Aware Applications
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 10
1012 10111010 109 108 107
Consumer itemsPallet & cases
Home appliances
PeopleMachinery
ComputersHandheld devices
Source: Forrester Research, Ind. April 2006
People
Objects
TemperatureSensing
DataAssociation
DataFusion
WirelessSensing
VisonSensing
RFID Sensing
Pressure Sensing
ContextManagement
Service
DataAssociation
DataFusion
Location Aggregation
Context Aggregation
LocationManagement
Service
Internet with Things
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 11
Internet + Internet of Things = Wisdom of the Earth
Internet of Things
Internet of People
IndustrialPlants
Storage &Logistics
Vehicles &Transportation
Personal Sensors
Smart Buildings & Homes
e‐Health
Smart Meters
EnvironmentMonitoring &
Control
Mobile Services
Smart Cities
109
1012
SensingApplications
Internet of Things Technologies
Enabling Technologies• M2M interfaces & protocols• microcontrollers• wireless communications• RFID technology• energy harvesting technologies• sensors• actuators• location technology• software
Synergistic Technologies• geo‐tagging/geo‐caching• biometrics• machine vision• robotics• augmented reality• mirror worlds• tele‐presence & adjustable autonomy• life recorders and personal black‐boxes• tangible user interfaces• clean technologies
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Mobile Services, Osservatorio Mobile Internet, May 10, 2011 12
Source: SRI Consulting Business Intelligence, 2010
WSN 6LoWPAN & ROLL
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 13
Extended LoWPAN
Local Server
SimpleLoWPAN
R
H
RH
R RR
HH
R
H
INTERNET
Backhaul linkRouter
Backbonelink
Ad‐hoc LoWPAN
RemoteServer
RH
RR
HH
R
H
RR
HH
H
Sources: 6LoWPAN, The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann, 2009
Routing Over Low power and Lossynetworks (ROLL)Standard routing algorithm for embedded appsApplication specific requirements
• Home automation• Commercial building automation• Industrial automation• Urban environment
IPv6‐LoWPAN Router StackEdgeRouter
EdgeRouter
Router
Representing & Identifying Things
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 14
• Any Virtual Object is addressable• Every Virtual Object can be
dynamically associated to a User Identity
• Every user can have control over a specific virtualized object or aggregation of objects
• For each Real Object there is a representation in the cloud for duplications, synchronization, re‐creation of the object, etc.
• Actions and events on the Real Object act on network images and clones, and vice versa
Source: Dion Hinchcliffe, 2008
Real Object CloneNetworkRepresentation
Source: Roberto Saracco, 2010
u URItype format
Web markup HTML, XHTMLData XML, ATOM, JSONImages JPG, SVG, PNGVideo MPEG, AVI, H.264Code Jsvascript, SWF
WOA/Client
Interactvia HTTP
An Individual, UniquelyAddressable Resource
Web‐ OrientedArchitecture
(WOA)
ResourceExamples:Web pageCustomer OrdersProductsBlog postsStock quotesGeolocationsMap tilesHeadshotsCall recordsPodcastsAjax componentsWeb widgetsAdvertisementsOpenOffice docs
• Non exhaustive list ofpossible representations
• Links (URIs) to globally uniqueresources, in lieu of copies
Programming the Web of Things
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 15
Embedded Web ServicesCoRE, Constrained RESTful EnvironmentCoAP, Constrained Application ProtocolDPWS, Device Profile for Web Services Source: Lieven Trappeniers, 2009
WoT 3.0
Design effortLow
Low
High
High
User value
Web 1.0Top‐downapplications
Web 2.0Bottom‐upapplications
Internet of ThingsDiY
applications
Agenda
• Internet Trends & Future• Internet (Web) of Things • Green & Cloud Computing• Future (Converged) Networks• Future (Mobile) Services
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 16
ICT‐enabled Emission Reduction
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 17
Total ICT‐enabled Reduction : 7.8 GtCO2e35% of Global 21.7 GtCO2e Reduction
28%
14%Industry
Transport Buildings
Energy
The Climate Group, SMART2020
27%
31%Smart logisticsPrivate transport optim.Dematerialization (telecom)Efficient vehiclesTraffic control
Smart motorsIndustrial process autom.Dematerialization (less waste production)
Smart logisticsSmart buildingsDematerialization (telecom)Smart grid
Smart gridEfficient generation of power, combined heat and power (CHP)
Cloud Computing for Consumers
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 18
MUSIC VIDEOS APPS/DOCS PHOTOS VOICE
“UNIFIED DIGITAL LOCKER”(*)
?(*) Morgan Stanley 2010
Fixed‐mobile cloud computing
Who is driving Consumer world?
Who is driving Business world?
Cloud Computing Standards
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 19
PRIVATE CLOUD HYBRID
CLOUD
Proprietary APIs
“STO
REFR
ONT”
PUBLIC CLOUD
StandardAPIs
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
MAN
AGEM
ENT
SECU
RITY
MODELLING
…
SAAS
IAAS
POSSIBLE FUTURE SCENARIO (CORPORATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES)
Proprietary APIs
CURRENT SCENARIO
CLOUD
Source: IBM, 2010
Standard or proprietary APIs
PAAS
Cross‐CloudAcross Vendors within a Cloud
SaaS PaaS IaaS
Cloud to Enterprise
ENTERPRISE
Within Enterprise
A crowded scene
Agenda
• Internet Trends & Future• Internet (Web) of Things • Green & Cloud Computing• Future (Converged) Networks• Future (Mobile) Services
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 20
Hermes/MercuryMessenger of the Gods
God of Commerce
Next Generation Optical AccessTowards the Terabit/s
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 21
2010
Throug
hput
2012 2014
FSAN‐ITU Standards
XG‐PON1
NG–PON2
2.5 Gbit/s down1 .25 Gbit/s up Split max 1:128Up to 20 km
10 Gbit/s down2.5 Gbit/s upSplit max 1:128Up to 20 km
DWDM>40 Gbit/s down >10 Gbit/s upUp to 60 kmSplit max 1:512
GPONStacking
CWDMUp to 8 x 2.5/1.25 Gbit/sGPON
Wireless Access Towards the Gbit/s
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Mobile Services, Osservatorio Mobile Internet, May 10, 2011 22
10 kbit/s 100 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s1 kbit/s
CABLEREPLACEMENT
HOME, OFFICE,
PUBLIC ACCESS
CITY,SUBURBS
COUNTRY,REGIONWIDE
Rang
e
Bit Rate
WPAN
WLAN
WMAN
WAN
Wi‐Fi802.11b
LIMITED
FULL
Mobility
802.22
802.11a/g/n/ac/ad
WiMAX802.16a/e/m
UMTSEDGEGPRSGSM LTE/LTE‐AHSPA
UltraWideBand 802.15.3
Bluetooth802.15.1
ZigBee802.15.4
WRAN
Cloud Radio Access Network, CRAN
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 23
Coverage Area
Macro cellsMicro cells
Pico/Femto cells
User Capacity/Throughput
Central Unit CU(baseband, BBU)
RRU
RRU
RN
DWDM PON
DWDM PON
RRU
Micro/Pico Cell Cluster
RN
Common Public Radio Interface over Optical Networks
Micro/Pico Cell Cluster
DWDM PON
Micro Cell Cluster
DWDM RINGMacro 2G
Macro 3GMicro/Pico 3G
Macro LTEMicro/Pico LTE
HetNet
Converged Access and Aggregation
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 24
Optical Packet Backbone30 PoP AreasPoP A
BNAS
SNSNSN
Legacy GWOLO kdc
BB PoP BBNAS
SNSNSN
Legacy GW OLO kdc
ISw
BB
CNMobile
CNMobile
AgN
ON ON
ON
ANAccess Site
DWDM (mesh & ring)
AN
SN
AgN
ON
BB
Optical Node
Access Node
Aggregation Node
Service Node
BackBone Node
CDN
DPI
NAT
ISw Intra PoP Switch
Content Delivery
Deep Packet Inspection
Address Translation
SNSNSN SNSNSN
Access Site
ON
AN
AN
Access Site
ON
ANSN
CDN
Access Site
Access Site<
Access Site
AN AN AN
DPI, NAT & CacheBNAS blades
AgN
AgN
ISw
L1
L1
L2
L3
L3
NAT NAT
CDNDPI
CDNDPI
Cognitive Radio Applications
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 25
Source: Wang, Ghosh and Challapali, 2011Other: Smart Grid, Public Safety Networks
Primary user DB
Spectrum market
Cellular Networks
Cellular IPnetworkbackbone
Spectrum aggregation
Licensed spectrumLeased
spectrumUnlicensed spectrum
Hot Spots Femtocell
External IP network
Base StationFixed TVBD
Relay Station
Fixed or MobileTVBD
Mobile TVBD
Spectrum coordinator
Out hospitalIn hospital
Transit
Medical Body Area
Networks (MBAN)
Hospital
Hospital IT network
Body sensors
MBAN coordinator
E‐key to enableband I
Controller
Access point
Primary user (ATS) protection zone
WAN
Primary user DB
Body sensors
Controller
2.36‐2.40 GHz AMT Band Secondary UseTV White Spaces – IEEE 802.22
Band IIBand I + Band II
Agenda
• Internet Trends & Future• Internet (Web) of Things • Green & Cloud Computing• Future (Converged) Networks• Future (Mobile) Services
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 26
Old and New Internet Models
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 27
Source: Craig Labowitz, Arbor Networks , April, 2011
NAP: Neutral Access PointIXP: Internet Exchange Point
Consumer and business customers
LocalAccess
Providers
Customer Networks
RegionalAccess
Providers
NationalBackbone Operators
NAPNAP
Tier 1 ISP
ISP2ISP1 ISP3
Settlement free
Pay for transit BW
Pay for access BW
ISP1
Customer Networks
Regional/Tier2
Providers
Global Internet Core
ISP2
“Hyper Giants”
Consumer and business customers
IXPIXP
ISP1
Global Transit/NationalBackbones
“Hyper Giants”Content, CDN, Consumer
Flatter and much more densely interconnected InternetDisintermediation between content and eyeball networks
New commercial models between content, consumer and transit
Managed Internet Services (QoS)
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 28
Cloud Computing
Internet of Things
Smart Grid
e‐Health
IntelligentVehicle
Transportation
The transformation of the energy sector (especially electricity) is based on a substantial supply of ICT infrastructure components able to "activate“ the energy transport network
The emerging need for health and social care (also associated with the growth of population life expectancy) finds in ICT a chance to increase effectiveness and efficiency
The spread of cheap and pervasive computing capacity and sensors opens the way for automation applications and mass market Web applications involving personal and public smart objects
ICT offers opportunities to support the growing need of security, safety and efficiency in the transportation sector, in particular for vehicles traffic automation and control
The evolution to on‐demand service models, enabled by virtualization and communication networks, offers the opportunity to further advanced scenarios of "utility computing "
Mobile NFC Applications
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 29
SECURE
Card Emulation ModeTransaction:Mobile payments, Ticketing, Access control, Transit, Top‐ups, Toll gate
Peer to peer CommunicationsConnectivity:Data transfer: fast, easy & convenient device association, setup & configuration
Reader ModeService Discovery:Content distribution, Information access, Smart advertising
Source: NFC Forum, 2008
Alcatel‐Lucent Wallet PhoneTata Docomo, Active Poster m‐HealthWave & Pay
Future Mobile Device
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 30
Sources: from
Qua
lcom
m, U
SI, 2010
Out the irrelevant
KNOWSYou and what is around you
LEARNSWhat you like
DISCOVERSThings relevant
to you
SENSINGLocal content & service discovery
SEEINGAugmented reality UI
Map, 3D, in building navigation
INTERACTINGConnection manager
FILTERS
Massive scale computations (billions of simultaneous transactions) needed to mash up personal data, preferences, real world data, and device capability
The Internet with ThingsSource: Roberto Saracco, 2011
©DEI–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Future Networks and Services, ICC 2011, Kyoto, June 6, 2011 31
Grazie!
Le tre Grazie
The Three GracesAntonio Canova