Future Cities Conference´13 / Alessandra Parisio - "Smart Cities: Some Activities at the KTH ACCESS Center"

Smart Cities: Some Activities at the KTH ACCESS Center

Alessandra Parisio

ACCESS Linnaeus Center

Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

2013 Conference, 23rd January, Porto, Portugal

Outline

•Motivation for smartness in cities

•Stockholm Royal Seaport Project

•Virtual Micro-Grid Laboratory

•Energy efficient building climate control

•Conclusion

Motivation

•Urban living and working must be sustainable

• Energy consumption and carbon emissions need to be reduced to improve environmental sustainability and quality of life in cities

•Cities need to be smart

(e.g. smart buildings)

•Need of smart low-cost ICT

solutions

Smart Buildings in Europe

•Large and attractive opportunities exist to reduce buildings’energy use at lower costs and higher returns than in othersectors

•Using more grid electricity from non-fossil sources (such as solarand wind) will help to address climate change

• 40% energy used in buildings

• 76% of this energy goes towards comfortcontrol in buildings – heating, ventilationand air conditioning (HVAC)

International Energy Agency, Energy Efficiency Requirements in Building Codes – Energy Efficiency Policies for New Buildings, 2008.

From a brown field area to a sustainable city district• F

Stockholm Royal Seaport - Now5

From a brown field area to a sustainable city district

Stockholm Royal Seaport - Future6

Stockholm Royal Seaport Project

• Cities responsible for 2/3 of CO2 emissions

• Demand for local

energy generation,

energy efficiency,

robust power supply,

market models,

regulations,…

• Goal: CO2 emissions below 1.5 tons per person by 2020 (today 4.5); fossil fuel-free by 2030

CO2 equivalent

Population

Regional GNP

Virtual Micro-Grid Laboratory

Micro-Grid

Smart House

Smart Appliances

Residential Gateway

Home Automation System

ZigBee

ZigBee

ZigBee

LTE 4G

The Active House in the Royal Seaport

• Smart home appliances and

controllable loads

• ICT system connects

the active house to power

distribution company and

energy market

• Energy management system

to reach the high set climate

goals!

EC

Mobile services

Good night button

Home/away button

Controllable outlet

Switch

Smart dish washer

Control unit Energy meters

Smart washing machine

Smart dryer

Billing

meter

Visualization

Energy Efficient Building Control

Standards: Keep room temperature in comfort range with a given probability

Goal:

Minimize energy usekeeping the same level of service

Method:

Stochastic Model Predictive Control (SMPC) using weather and occupancy forecasts

• F. Oldewurtel, A. Parisio, C.N. Jones , D. Gyalistras, M- Gweder, V. Stauch, B. Lehmann and M. Morari, "Use of Model Predictive Control and Weather Predictions for Energy Efficient Building Climate Control", Energy and Building (Elsevier)

• F. Oldewurtel, A. Ulbig, A. Parisio, G. Andersson and M. Morari, Reducing peak electricity demand in building climate control using real-time pricing and Model Predictive Control, CDC 2010, 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

Stochastic Optimization Problem

: prediction horizon

: comfort probability level

building dynamics

input constraints

output constraints

energy costs

energy sourcesweather forecastsuncertaintiestemperatures

Simulation Evaluation

Amount of violations in thermal comfort [Kh]

Energ

y u

se

[KW

h/m

2]

Investigated control strategies:

• PB: ideal controller• CE: industry standard predictive

controller• SMPC: uncertainty incorporated

in the controller

The proposed SMPC strategy outperforms the industry controllers

Conclusion

•Smart cities projects in Stockholm, e.g. Stockholm RoyalSeaport

•Need of integrating ICT with advanced control to achieveclimate goals in smart citie

•Accounting for uncertainty necessary to increase control performance in smart buildings

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Email: [email protected]

Web: http://www.access.kth.se/