Future 802.16 Networks

7/29/2019 Future 802.16 Networks

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/future-80216-networks 1/81

19/16/2013

Future 802.16 Networks: Challenges and Possibilities

IEEE 802.16 Presentation Submission Template (Rev. 9)

Document Number:

IEEE C802.16-16r1/0009

Date Submitted:2010-03-15

Source(s):

See list on slides 2-3

Venue:

Orlando, FL, USA

Base Contribution:

None

Purpose:

Call For Interest Tutorial Notice:

This document does not represent the agreed views of the IEEE 802.16 Working Group or any of its subgroups . It represents only the views of the participants listed

in the “Source(s)” field above. It is offered as a basis for discussion. It is not binding on the contributor(s), who reserve (s) the right to add, amend or withdraw

material contained herein.

Release:The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of

an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include port ions of this contribution; and at the

IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contri butor also acknowledges and accepts that

this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.16.

Patent Policy:The contributor is familiar with the IEEE-SA Patent Policy and Procedures:

<http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sect6-7.html#6 > and <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3>.

Further information is located at <http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/pat-material.html> and <http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat >.

http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sect6-7.html

http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html

http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/pat-material.html

http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat
















29/16/2013

Source(s)

Contributor(s) Name: Affiliation: Email Address:

Shilpa Talwar,

Nageen Himayat,

Kerstin Johnsson,

Rath Vannithamby,

Ozgur Oyman,

Vivek Gupta

Jose Puthenkulam

Intel Corporation

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Hokyu Choi

Kaushik Josiam

Ying Li

Zhouyue Pi

Sudhir Ramakrishna

Rakesh Taori

Jiann-An Tsai

Samsung Electronics

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Bin Chul Ihm

HanGyu Cho

Jin Sam Kwak

Ronny Kim

Wookbong Lee

LG Electronics

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Nader Zein

Andreas Maeder

Johannes Lessmann

NEC

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Eldad Zeira

Alex Reznik InterDigital

[email protected]

[email protected]

I-Kang Fu

Paul ChengMediaTek

[email protected]

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]






































39/16/2013

Source(s)

Contributor(s) Name: Affiliation: Email Address:

Albert Chen

Zheng YanXiu

Yung-Han Chen

Pang-An Ting

Chang-Lan Tsai

Chung-Lien Ho

ITRI

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Junghoon Jee ETRI [email protected]

Mariana Goldhamer Alvarion [email protected]

Kiran KuchiKlutto Milleth

CEWIT [email protected]@cewit.org.in

Mat Sherman BAE Systems [email protected]

Dan Gal Alcatel-Lucent [email protected]

Upkar Dhaliwal Future Wireless Technologies [email protected]

Michael Gundlach Nokia Siemens Networks [email protected]























49/16/2013

Future 802.16 Networks: Challenges andPossibilities



59/16/2013

Agenda

• Motivation

• Objectives and Potential Requirements

• Advanced Access Networks

• Advanced Services

• Summary



69/16/2013

Motivation

Drivers for future 802.16 Networks

• Market trends

• New usages


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/future-80216-networks 7/8179/16/2013

The Big Picture

Proliferation of applications and services

Integration of communication technologies

Explosion of wireless data traffic

Convergence of information & communications

Diversification of connected devices

Environment friendly „Green‟ radios



Convergence of Information & Communications

Consumer Communication Information

Netbook

Notebook

BD player

MobilePhone

TVPersonal

Computer

Cellular

WiFi

Cable

DSL

Satellite

BroadcastGame

console

DVR

Set Top Box

MobileBroadband

Internet



Proliferation of Mobile Internet Apps & Services

+Logos and trademarks belong to the other entities

++ These are examples of applications & services



109/16/2013

Diversification of connected devices

+Logos and trademarks belong to the other entities++ These are examples of devices

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.a1technology.com/blog/uploaded_images/Kindle2-737541.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.a1technology.com/blog/labels/Kindle%20News.html&usg=__fGdEatMULRJ9ucsEnNSQOndvgE8=&h=430&w=320&sz=33&hl=en&start=13&itbs=1&tbnid=I5vgjoRQRIkCzM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=94&prev=/images?q=Kindle&gbv=2&ndsp=18&hl=en&sa=N



119/16/2013

Integration of communication technologies

• Multiple radio access networks between information source and user

• Terminals implement multiple wireless interfaces and have varying capabilities

Wireless WAN(802.16, 3G)

Wireless PAN (802.15)

Wireless LAN (802.11/

802.16 femto)

GPS/Satellite



129/16/2013

Explosion of Mobile data traffic

• Mobile data traffic is growing exponentially with introduction of new devices (ex.

iPhone, Netbooks) – Larger screen mobile devices drive up data usage: (30 to 200x)

– Video & data will be dominant sources of traffic

• Mobile data traffic is expected to grow by 66x between 2008-2013 (Source: Cisco*)

* Source: Cisco Visual Networking

Index, Oct . 2009



139/16/2013

Mobility...But a small fraction of overall Broadband traffic

Mobility goes

Broadband

Low mobility segment

addressable by Future

802.16?

Source: Morgan Stanley Mobile

Internet Report, December 2009



149/16/2013

Low CO2 &

Radiation

LongBattery

Life

Reduced

OPEX,

Govt.

Regulations

Consumer Network

Protocols Architectures

Energy Saving

Products

Environment-friendly Green radios

Environmental



159/16/2013

Objectives and Potential Requirements

• Objectives – Enable Advanced Networks & Services

• Potential Requirements (and Technology possibilities)

– Peak rate

– System metrics – New metrics



169/16/2013

Market developments present new Objectives

• Future networks should support explosive mobile data traffic growth driven by – Large screen devices

– Multimedia applications

– More connected users & devices

• Future networks should be optimized for mobile broadband traffic

– Efficiently support low-mobility traffic

– Efficiently support large number of mobile video users

– Provide enhanced quality of experience for mobile internet applications

• Future networks should reduce operator costs

– Low power consumption at BS (green)

– Network deployments should require minimal planning and maintenance

• Future networks should interwork efficiently with other radio technologies

– Converged multi-access networks

– Multi-radio terminals



179/16/2013

Challenge for Service Providers – Flat Revenues

• Service providers are facing challenges at two ends

– Invest in network capacity to meet demand

– Increase revenue with new applications and services

Future networks need to drastically lower Cost per Bit, and enable new Services

• Cost of Network deployments to meet demand is increasing faster than

revenue



189/16/2013

Service provider options

Invest in Advanced

Networks

Ration

Network Usage

Create Advanced

Services

• High capacity

• Low cost

• Multi-radio access

• Green Radios

• Tiered service levels

•

Traffic shaping

• Enterprise Services

•

Home broadband • Enhanced QOE

• Enhanced Security

• M2M – new business

Focus of this presentation is Technologies for Advanced Networks & Services



199/16/2013

Future 802.16 – Enabling Technologies

802.16

Evolution

Multi-Tier

Network

Architecture

Multi-Radio

Access Network

Architecture

Distributed

Antenna

Architecture

Enabling Technologies

Multi-Tier

Technologies

Multi-Radio

Access

Technologies

Co-operative

Techniques

Advanced

MIMO

Techniques

Green RAN

Technologies

Advanced

Services

Machine-to-

Machine

(M2M)

Enhanced

Security

VoIPVideo

traffic

Enhanced

Quality of

Experience

Advanced Access

Networks

Flexible Network Architectures



209/16/2013

Objectives and Potential Requirements

• Objectives – Enable Advanced Networks & Services

• Potential Requirements (and Technology possibilities)

– Peak rate

– System metrics – New metrics



219/16/2013

Peak Rate

IEEE 802.3 Standards* IEEE 802.11 Standards* IEEE 802.16 Standards*

LANs Wireless LANs Wireless MANs

Current Peak: 10Gbps Current Peak: 600Mbps Current Peak: 300Mbps

Target Peak IEEE P802.3ba : 40/100 Gbps

Target Peak IEEE P802.11ac (5GHz): >1 Gbps

IEEE P802.11ad (60GHz):>1-3 Gbps

Target Peak

1-5 Gbps?

+Logos and trademarks belong to the other entities

802.11b (2.4 GHz)

802.11g (2.4 GHz)

802.11a (5 GHz)

802.11n (2.4, 5 GHz)

*Not a complete list of IEEE 802 standards

+

+ + +

+

802.16e (Licensed <6 GHz)

P802.16m (Licensed <6 GHz)

(under development)

Peak Rates of 1-5 Gbps potential target for Wireless Broadband

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.apertonet.com/img/wimax_logo.png&imgrefurl=http://www.apertonet.com/products/technology/voiceover_wimax.html&usg=__NsHeRfIi1ag2j60WPIVCeqM8zfk=&h=124&w=100&sz=3&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=cKN_5yL2u3qXyM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=73&prev=/images?q=wimax+forum+certified&gbv=2&hl=en&um=1

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.apertonet.com/img/wimax_logo.png&imgrefurl=http://www.apertonet.com/products/technology/voiceover_wimax.html&usg=__NsHeRfIi1ag2j60WPIVCeqM8zfk=&h=124&w=100&sz=3&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=cKN_5yL2u3qXyM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=73&prev=/images?q=wimax+forum+certified&gbv=2&hl=en&um=1

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://insideit.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/wimax_forum_logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://insideit.wordpress.com/2008/02/19/wimax-forum-bahas-sertifikasi-frekuensi-700-mhz/&usg=__h2lZHhwIpvh7nWCCZL0j2hkTkec=&h=319&w=300&sz=30&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=XnZQmPJaW9-maM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=111&prev=/images?q=wimax+forum&gbv=2&hl=en&um=1

http://www.wi-fi.org/

http://www.wi-fi.org/11nbasics.php

http://www.ethernetalliance.org/



229/16/2013

Potential Technologies to Achieve Peak Rate

Metric Potential Target Enabling Technologies

Peak DataRate

(bps)

• 1 to 5 Gbps

Baseline (16m) – ITU submission

• Peak rate ~ 356 Mbps, 4x4 MIMO, 20MHz

• Peak rate ~ 712 Mbps, 8x8 MIMO, 20MHz

• Carrier Aggregation (100MHz) ~3.6 Gbps

Higher BW support (40 MHz)

• Peak Rate ~ 16m rate x 2 = 1.4Gbps

Multi-Carrier, licensed & unlicensed

• Peak Rate ~ 1.4 Gbps x 4 carriers

• 802.11 radio is used in conjunction with 802.16

Improve Peak Spectral Efficiency (below)

PeakSpectralEfficiency

(bps/Hz)

• Downlink: 45 bps/Hz

• Uplink: 22 bps/Hz

[~ 3x IMT-advanced requirements]

Baseline (16m) – ITU submission

• DL Peak SE ~ 35.6 bps/Hz, 8 streams

• UL Peak SE ~ 9.4 bps/Hz, 2 streams

Higher order MIMO in UL (4 streams)

•UL Peak SE ~ 16m SE x 2 = 18.8 bps/Hz

Higher modulation (up to 256 QAM)

• DL Peak SE ~ 16m SE x (8/6) = 47.5 bps/Hz

• UL Peak SE ~ 16m SE x (8/6) x 4 = 25 bps/Hz



239/16/2013


Average SE

(bps/Hz/cell)

•Downlink > 2x with 4x4 (or 8x4)

• Uplink > 2x with 4x4 (or 4x8)

Baseline (16m) ~ IMT-adv Requirements

• DL Avg SE = 2.2 bps/Hz/sec, 4x2

• UL Avg SE = 1.4 bps/Hz/sec, 2x4

(Urban-coverage scenario)

Advanced MIMO techniques

Ex. Distributed antennas

• DL Avg SE ~ 3x with 4x4

Multi-tier networks

Ex. Same Frequency Femtocell Network• Outdoor Avg SE ~ 1.5x (offload macro)

Cell-edgeuser SE

(bps/Hz/cell/ user)

• Downlink > 2x with 4x4 (or 8x4)

• Uplink > 2x with 4x4 (or 4x8)

Baseline (16m) ~ IMT-adv Requirements

• DL Cell-edge SE = 0.06 bps/Hz/sec, 4x2

• UL Cell-edge SE = 0.03 bps/Hz/sec, 2x4

(Urban-coverage scenario)

Co-operative Techniques

Ex. Client collaboration

• UL Cell-edge SE ~ 1.3 to 2x

Interference Mitigation Techniques

System Metric Targets and Technologies



249/16/2013


Areal Capacity

(bps/m^2)

• Areal capacity = Sum throughput deliveredby multiple network tiers / Coverage area

• Areal capacity should be greater thansingle tier (macro) capacity

Multi-radio access Networks

Multi-tier Femtocell Networks

Ex. Same frequency Macro & Femto overlay

• Areal Capacity ~ N_femto_APs x Avg SE

x BW

Multi-tier Relay Networks

New Metrics for Advanced Access Networks



259/16/2013


EnergyEfficiency*

(Joules/bit/user)

(Joules/bit/m^2)

(dB)

• Client Energy Efficiency: Energyconsumed at Client /Traffic Transferred

• Network Energy Efficiency = Sumenergy consumed by BS across network

/Total traffic delivered / Coverage area

• Absolute Energy Efficiency = Relativemetrics comparing energy-efficiency totheoretical Shannon limit

Power Management for Client (Sleep/IdleDurations)

Traffic Aware Power Savings in Network

Techniques to lower Transmit Power:

Advanced MIMO

Multi-tier Network Architectures

Multi-radio Network Architectures

Cooperative Techniques

New Metrics for Green Radio Networks

*typically

implementationdependent

bit nJ x

bit JoulekT E b

/1087.2

)/()2ln(

12

min,

Shannon’s Limit:



269/16/2013

Advanced Access Networks

• Network Architecture

– Multi-tier network architecture

– Multi-radio access architecture

– Distributed Antenna System (DAS) architecture

• Enabling Technologies – Multi-tier network technologies

– Multi-access network technologies

– Cooperative techniques

– Advanced MIMO techniques

– Traffic aware power savings



279/16/2013

Vision of Advanced Access Network Architecture

WiFi-AP Femto-AP

Relay StationMobile PAN

Integrated-AP

Pico-BS

Multi-tier

Multi-radioDistributedAntennas

Wireless backhaul

Wireless Access

Wired backhaul

Distributed

Antennas

Client Relay

S e l f - O r g a n i z i n g N e t w o

r k



289/16/2013

Enabling technologies for Multi-tier networks



299/16/2013

Multi-tier NetworksAggressive Spectrum Utilization

• Overlay multiple tiers of cells, macro/pico/femto, potentially sharing common

spectrum

Macro

Micro

Pico

Femto

Relay



309/16/2013

Advantages of Multi-tier Networks

• Significant gains in areal capacity via

aggressive spectrum reuse and use of

unlicensed bands

– E.g.: Co-channel femto-cells provide

linear gains in areal capacity with

increasing number of femto-AP’s in amulti-tier deployment

• Cost structure of smaller cells (pico and

femto) is more favorable

• Indoor coverage is improved through low

cost femto-cells

Significant potential savings in cost per bit via multi-tier networks

Source: Johansson at al, „A Methodology for Estimating Cost and Performance of Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks‟, PIMRC‟07.



319/16/2013

Key Technologies

Interference Sensing w/ Cell Shaping

• Use of antenna arrays to place nulls in the

direction of interfering neighbors

Advanced radio resource management• Intelligent spectrum partitioning amongst

tiers: fractional frequency reuse, femto freetime-zoning, power control

Interference Alignment

• Align transmit directions so that interfering

signals is “contained” in one “direction”

(subspace)

Inter-Tier Interference is a Challenge

Tx signal Rx signal

BS B generates

irregular pattern

BS A places null in zone

Strong interference

zone

BS A

BS B

BS A

BS B

BS B is close to BS A

• Example: Femto-cells interfere w/ macro-users and other femto-cells when reusing

common spectrum

• Robust solutions are needed for control and data



329/16/2013

Mobility & Network Management is a Challenge

Intelligent Handoffs

• Efficient handover mechanisms required to avoid frequent handoff between small cells

Self Organization

• Self-organization and management across tiers required to maintain low OPEX andquick network response

New Network Elements

• Is there an optimum middle ground between consumer owned & deployed privatefemto-AP (low cost) versus operator owned & deployed public pico-BS?

handoff handoff handoff

handoff handoff handoff handoff



339/16/2013

Enabling technologies for Multi-radio access networks



349/16/2013

Goals for Multi-Radio Access Interworking

Enhanced Spectrum Utilization • Synergistic use of unlicensed bands with 802.16 (Virtual WiMAX Carrier)

• Use of 802.16 in unlicensed and lightly licensed spectrum

Manage Interworking of Multiple Radio Access Technologies with 802.16

• 802.16 provides control & management of multiple RATs (Converged Home)

• 802.16 enhances connectivity and cooperation for multi-radio devices (MobileHotspot)

Support Efficient Multi-Radio Operation at Subscriber terminal

• Address “multi-radio” and “single-radio” device implementations

• Protocol support to enable multi-radio integration



359/16/2013

Usage Scenarios

Other Wireless

Wireline

802.16

802.11

Converged

Gateway

heartbeat

EKG

Multimedia

NetworkShort Range

Comm.

SetTop

LAN Network

Good 802.16 link

802.11AP

Setup Peer-to-Peer

cooperation

Offload to 802.11

Mobile Hotspot

Virtual Carrier :Use 802.16 and 11

Simultaneously

M2M Network

Integrated AP

Body Area

Network

Home Converged Gateway coordinates transmissions and assists “capillary networks”

Potential Techniques and their Advantages



369/16/2013

Potential Techniques and their Advantages

Idea Interworking Techniques Advantages

WiFi Off-Load Handoff to WiFi Throughput gains ~3x for indoor users

Virtual WiMAX carrier • Carrier Aggregation

• QoS/Load Balancing

• Diversity /Redundancy

• Reduced Control Overhead

• Peak throughput (~2-3x)

• Enhanced QoS

• SINR (~3-5 dB), Lower Latency

• Higher System Throughput

Mobile Hotspot Connect LAN/PAN devices to WAN Improves connectivity, coverage

Management & control

with 802.16

Control of in-home LAN/PAN/BAN

interfaces, P2P connectivity

• Security

• In-home services, automated

configuration

• Seamless operation across RATs

Multi-radio coexistence at

Terminal

Protocols to support multi-radio

integration

Efficient low-cost, low power devices

Multi-RAT co-existence at

Network

Use of 802.16 to allow communication

between RATs

Facilitates spectrum sharing in „lightly

licensed‟ bands, and multi-radio

implementation



379/16/2013

Key Challenges for Network and Protocols

• Determine interworking layer: IP,

MAC or PHY Layer?• Address distributed, centralized and

co-located multi-radio network

interfaces

• Define interworking functions and

protocols (e.g. Generic link layer,Multi-radio resource management)

• Measurements & reporting for

application/link layer awareness

across protocol stack

• Coexistence of heterogeneous RATs

in unlicensed or lightly licensed

spectrum

Link awareness

Resource Mgmt.& QoS, Spectrum

Management, Multi-radio Resource

Management, Self Configuration

Link awareness

802.11

Generic Link Layer (GLL)

Resource/

Performance Monitoring,Error & Flow Control, Access Selection

802.16

MILI

Application

awareness

Others

MILI

Application

awareness

MILI

Application

awareness

*MILI=Media Independent Link Interface



389/16/2013

Key Challenges for Devices

• Interworking to address a mix of

multi-radio and single radio devices

• Higher integration at network level can

lead to better multi-radio integration in

terminal

• Protocol support may be needed for

– Coexistence: Managing interference

across co-located radio transceivers

– Cooperation: Managing interworking

across multiple transceivers when

hardware is shared

– Cognition: Intelligent use of spectrum

resources available in network with

fully integrated hardware

BB#1 BB#2

ANT#1 ANT#2

Common

RF

ANT#1 ANT#2

Common

RF

Common

BB

Coexistence

Cooperation

BB#1 BB#2

RF#1 RF#2

ANT#1 ANT#2

Interference to Modem # 1

from Modem # 2

Interference to Modem # 2

from Modem # 1

Increasing

Hardware

ReuseCognition



399/16/2013

Cooperative techniques

W li d k i l t



40

We live and work in clusters

Coffee shops

Class rooms

Meetings /

Offices

Most devices have more than one

type of connectivityMost users are nomadic/stationary

Can we leverage this clustering to

offer better end-user experience?

Cli t C ll b ti



41

Client Collaboration

Poor WWAN link

Good WWAN link

Strong link

WWAN BS

Laptop with WWAN, WLAN, 60GHz,Bluetooth, etc.,

MID with WWAN, WLAN, 60GHz,

Bluetooth etc.,

Benefits:

1) Faster over the air improved “cell-edge” rates without increase in infrastructure cost

2) Less interference increased system capacity

3) Lower power transmission extend battery of clients with poor channels

Client Collaboration is a technique where clients interact to jointly transmit and/or

receive information in wireless environments.

Idea: Exploit client clustering and peer-to-peer communication to transmit/receive

information over multiple paths between BS and client

E bli Cli t C ll b ti



42

• Enablers needed to take advantage of client

clustering – How to discover neighbors?

– How is neighbor discovery/cluster formation conveyed to the 16x BS?

• Who acts as the leader/coordinator of the cluster?

• Who talks to the BS?

– How to size these clusters? – How does the macro act on this cluster and signal

data meant for any member(s) of the cluster?

– If in-band signaling is used, which relaying schemeto use?

• Efficient signaling support is crucial and necessary

Link A Link B

MS 1MS 2

MS 3

Enabling Client Collaboration



43

Advanced MIMO techniques

Distributed Antenna System (DAS)



44

Distributed Antenna System (DAS)

Definition: DAS is a network of spatially separated antennas called “nodes”,

connected to a common source via a transport medium, that provides wireless

service within a geographic area or structure Example: WiMAX train field trial-Application of 802.16e to Taiwan High Speed Rail Bullet

train system. (~300km/h)

Benefits : DAS with 4 distributed antennas show nearly 300% gain over CAS by

utilizing MU MIMO protocol in system evaluation

Traditional area coverage approach Radio-over-fiber distributed antenna system approach

Processing server

Fiber

Distributed Antennas

Dynamic Beam Forming



45

Dynamic Beam-Forming

Weekend Traffic

Weekday Traffic

Use of higher-dimensional antenna

arrays to provide

Arbitrary sectorization Simpledeployment

Real-time response to non-homogenoustraffic

High beam gains Lower transmit power (Green)

Interference nulling Higher systemcapacity

Capacity-Enhancing MIMO Techniques

• Key use case: Low-speed terminals Slowly varying channels

• Slowly varying channels Enables detailed channel feedback

• Detailed channel feedback enables SVD beam-forming

“Water - pouring”

Efficient high-order MU-MIMO

Weekday Traffic Weekend Traffic



46

Advanced MIMO Techniques - Challenges

• Distributed Antenna Systems— Antenna selection & channel measurement

— Multiple antenna node cooperation

— Handover across antenna nodes within a cell

— Interference management among nodes

— Uplink power control with multiple nodes

• Dynamic Beam-Forming – Feedback to enable dynamic beam selection

– Interference sensing mechanisms

– Highly-accurate antenna array calibration

• Capacity Enhancing MIMO – Detailed channel feedback



479/16/2013

Traffic aware power savings

Coverage and neighbor cell list adjustment in



489/16/2013

BS

Daytime: High traffic, 4 base stations Off-peak time: Low traffic, 1 base station

Traffic Load

Coverage

Minimum useof

base station

CO2 reduction

Power saving

Automated

Operation

BS×

×

×

Coverage and neighbor cell list adjustment in

self-organizing network

Management Operation Outcome

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1

Number of Sleeping Base Stations

a t i a l

t a

e

a t i o

[

Coverage- and Traffic- based Sleep Control

Traffic-based Sleep Control

Case Study Example of Achievable Energy

Saving without Network Performance

degradation

D i T ffi A P M t S h



499/16/2013

Dynamic Traffic-Aware Power Management Schemes

Adaptive low-duty cycles Static low-duty cycles Hibernation

“transmit only

when necessary”

Guarantee responsiveness and

availability with minimal power

footprint

Passive monitoring for

fast recovery

BS

activity

MS

activity

Active scenario Idle scenario Monitoring scenario

Ad d S i



509/16/2013

Advanced Services

• Machine-to-Machine communications

• Enhanced Quality of Experience for voice & video

• Enhancements for Security



519/16/2013

Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M)

M2M Wh t i it?



52

M2M – What is it?

Definition:

• Data communication between devices or device and server that may not

require human interaction

Characteristics:

• Different business scenarios

• Potentially very large number of devices

• Small bursts per M2M device

• Device-originated connectivity

• Larger percentage of uplink traffic

• Lower cost and energy for M2M devices

• Coexistence with other RFs in neighboring M2M network

M2M Service Area



53

M2M Service Area

For example QoS Class A QoS Class B QoS Class C QoS Class D

…

Service Area M2M apps w/use cases requiring WAN range

Security & Public Safety Surveillance systems, Control of physical access (e.g. to building), Car/driver Security

Tracking & Tracing Fleet management, Order management, Pay as you drive, Asset Tracking, Navigation,

Traffic Info, Tolls

Payment Point of sales, Vending machines, Gaming machines

Healthcare Monitoring vital signs, Supporting the aged or handicapped

Web access telemedicine points, Remote diagnostics

Remote Maintenance/Control Sensors, Lighting, Pumps, Valves, Elevator control, Vending machine control, Vehicle

diagnostics

Metering (ex. Smart Grid) Power, Gas, Water, Heating, Grid control, Industrial metering

Consumer Devices Digital photo frame, Digital camera, eBook

M2M Market



54

M2M Market

* Harbor Research (2009)

* SENZT FILI Report (2008)

Key M2M Features and Standards Impact



55

Key M2M Features and Standards Impact

Features M2MApps

Standards Changes

M2M

Coop. & Comm.

Sleep &

Idle Mode

Mobility

Mgmt

Link

Adaptation

BurstMgmt,BWRequest & Allocation

HARQ &

ARQ

Frame

Structure& Zoning

Network

Entry

Extremely

low power

Metering

Tracking

Health

Remote Maint& Ctrl

High

Reliability

SecurityMetering

Health

Remote Maint& Ctrl

Access Priority

Health

Remote Maint

& Ctrl

Active

QoSMaintenance

Consumer

Equipment

Mass device

transmission

Security

Metering

Tracking

Health



569/16/2013

Enhanced Quality of Experience (QOE) for voice & video

Enhancing QoE Motivation and Objectives



579/16/2013

Enhancing QoE – Motivation and Objectives

• Many Devices/Applications Require Enhanced QoE:

– Expect large number of heterogeneous mobile internet devices with various applicationsrequiring a range of quality of experience (QoE) metrics.

– Example: Smartphone/Netbook supporting apps such as social networking (twitter, chat,facebook, etc.), Skype, browsing, video conferencing, streaming, IPTV

– Example QoE Metrics of Interest: MOS for voice, distortion/VQM for video, etc.

• Limitations of Today’s QoS Approach – Not straightforward to map today’s QoS parameters to user experience

– Lack of cost effective solutions for current/future Internet Apps – No QoS mechanisms for best effort (BE) service class

• Objectives: – Enable QoE-driven radio and network optimization

– Increase number of simultaneous users for mobile voice and video services while maintaining

QoE for different internet applications

– Ensure network adaptability and scalability to support

• time-varying performance requirements due to changing network environment andvarious application implementations

• dynamic traffic characteristics

• multiple device classes

Enhancing QoE – Technology Enablers



589/16/2013

g Q gy

• Cross-layer awareness to enable ecosystem to provide the

desired QoE enhancements. Some examples:

– Joint source-channel coding to improve video quality

– QoE-aware link adaptation and resource allocation

– Intra-flow and inter-flow prioritization at device/network

levels

– Link-aware application adaptation for better QoE and capacity

enhancements

• QoE for voice and video communications should be

optimized over advanced network architectures such as:

– Heterogeneous networks (e.g., WiFi-assisted WAN, hybrid

broadband/broadcast) – Multi-hop relay and femto-cell architectures

– Multi-tier network architectures

– Dense networks with large number of devices and applications

Application

Layer

Client

TCP/IP UDP/RTP

C r o s s - L a y e r

O p t i m i z a t i o n

Enhancing QoE Recommendations



599/16/2013

– Define new system requirements for Mobile Internet - voice and video services,e.g., minimum number of video users, etc.

– Develop new air-interface specifications to meet target requirements for user

QoE. The standard hooks are needed

• To exchange application level information for better radio/network adaptation and resource management

• To exchange radio/network level information for better application

adaptation

• To enable standard mechanisms to support QoE-aware adaptation and

resource management for multiple flows

Enhancing QoE - Recommendations



609/16/2013

Enhancements for Security

Enhanced Security



619/16/2013

Enhanced SecurityStrong Authentication backed up by Device Integrity

• Evolution towards a large and growing number of devices outside of a firewallallows easy opportunity for physical tampering or illegal SW download

• Device integrity check complements existing authentication methods



629/16/2013

Summary and Recommendations

In Summary - Key Technical Features



639/16/2013

In Summary Key Technical Features

• Very high Peak throughput (> 1Gbps)

– Support for bandwidths greater than 20MHz

• Advanced Access Networks

– New flexible network architectures

– Low cost deployments

– Enabling technologies providing

• Higher Spectral Efficiency (> 2x)

• High Areal Capacity

• Improved Energy Efficiency

• Advanced Services

– Enhancements for video, voice & security

– Support for new M2M service

Call for Interest Summary



649/16/2013

Call for Interest Summary

• Plan to initiate study for the following topics in 802.16 Working Group – Advanced Access Networks: Architectures (ex. Multi-Tier, Multi-radio Access, Distributed

Antennas), and Enabling Technologies (ex. Multi-tier network technologies, Multi-access network technologies, Cooperative techniques, Advanced MIMO techniques, Traffic aware power savings)

– Advanced Services: M2M, Improved QoE, Security

• Plan to initiate collaboration on studying some of these topics with other

802 Working Groups

– 802.11 – WiFi offload, unlicensed spectrum utilization, interworking – 802.21 – Flexible protocols for interworking of multi-radio interfaces

– 802.15 – Interworking in converged home scenario

– 802 Emergency Services ECSG

• Plan to conduct study of these topics together towards identifying near term

and long term projects in 802.16

• Plan to initiate one or more PARs for some of these topics in 2010

• We hope interested individuals will join this effort to help define the

evolution of IEEE 802.16 standards based networks



659/16/2013

Backup

Average Spectral & Energy Efficiency



66

ve age Spect a & e gy c e cy

Client Cooperation significantly improvescell-edge rates

• Small clusters of clients (<6) suffice for large gains

• Full-power cooperation outperforms low-power cooperation

• Gains decrease with increased channel correlationamong clients

Client Cooperation decreases total network energy consumption

•

Originating AMS conserves energy by requiringfewer retransmissions and enabling higher MCS

• Cooperator consumes energy, but net result isenergy savings

• Extends battery of clients w/ poor channels

[3.5] [6.5]

[Average number of users within WiFi range]




67


Idea

•Align transmit directions so that interfering signalsall come from the same “direction” (subspace)

• Alignment can be across antennas, frequency, time

• Benefits: Improves uplink and downlink

transmissions of cell-edge users;

Low receiver complexity• Challenge: Practical schemes that can achieve

theoretical gain

Performance (theory) in high SNR regime: If there are K

pairs and each node has M antennas, then KM/2 degreesof freedom are achievable. For comparison, perfect

resource sharing achieves 1 degree of freedom.

(Cadambe & Jafar 2008)

Tx signal Rx signal

New Metrics for Green Networks



689/16/2013

New Metrics for Green Networks

Address challenges in measuring “implementation

dependent” energy efficiency

Power

Active State (TX/RX)

Idle State

Transmit RF

Power

Processing

Power (TX/RX)

Time

Idle Power

Power required

for reliable

reception

of information

Power

consumed in

transmit/receive

electronics

idleidle Active g oces Active RF Activetotal T P T P T P E sinPr

Energy overhead of

transmitting information

Energy required for reliable

transmission of information

Examples

Theoretical minimum energy to

receive an information bit reliably

(Shannon‟s Law)

bit nJ x

bit JoulekT E b

/1087.2

)/()2ln(

12

min,

User M etri cs

Total energy consumed by MS /Total Bits (Joules/bit)

Network Metri cs

Total energy consumed by all BS/load/coverage area

(Joules/bit/sq. meters)

Relative Metri cs: Absolute Energy Eff iciency

Relative comparison with (dB)

*source: U. of Essex

min,b E



699/16/2013

Smart Grids/GRIDMAN

Selected utility MAN-based applications*



709/16/2013

Not exhaustive – to illustrate a range of requirements

taken from C80216gman-10/0007

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

• Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Integration

• SCADA and Distribution Automation (DA)

• Advanced DA (“Self -Healing Circuits”)

• Wide-Area Situational Awareness (WASA)

Selected utility MAN-based applications

* - The Greater Reliability in Disrupted Metropolitan Area Network (GRIDMAN) study group

was formed in Nov 2009 to study synergies between the applications previously studied in the

Network Robustness and Reliability (NRR) Ad Hoc and Smart Grid applications. They have

developed a draft PAR which partially addresses the needs of the application above: IEEE

802.16-10/0013

http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/16/docs/10/80216-10_0013.doc








719/16/2013

Self-healing Networks

Preface




72

Preface

• “To have a self-healing network, you cannot rely on a

single point of failure, as you would with WiMax or

cellular technology”

http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/smart-grid-networks-now-vs-the-future/

Disrupted WMANs





















73

Disrupted WMANs

• Basic configuration:

– P-MP, eventually including Relays

• Disruption

– BS failure

– Relay failure

• Self-healing

– Find alternative ways for connection to the backbone

Scenario 1: Fixed NetworksSelf-healing Networks



74

Scenario 1: Fixed Networks

Disturbed networkSelf-healing Networks

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.clipartof.com/small/50735-Royalty-Free-RF-Clipart-Illustration-Of-A-Shiny-Yellow-Icon-Button-With-Wi-Fi-Signal-Waves.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.clipartof.com/details/clipart/50735.html&h=448&w=450&sz=68&tbnid=pCKBSor886pdPM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=127&prev=/images?q=wifi+clipart&hl=en&usg=__CkhUyp32igexUKiKgfvRa-rs7iE=&ei=P_dAS6S9Co_9_AbOuPn1CA&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=4&ct=image&ved=0CA0Q9QEwAw










75

Disturbed network

BS not working

SS lose connection with the BS

Self-healed networkSelf-healing Networks











76

Self-healed network

R

BS not working

SSs relay information

Healing solutions and topicsSelf-healing Networks











77

Healing solutions and topics

• SS to SS communication – Multi-hop relaying function included

• PHY changes to SS

• Ability to connect through a neighbor network – May belong or not to the same operator

•Access rights?

• Security?

– May use or not the same frequency• Hand-over between different frequency bands

• Hand-over between licensed and un-licensed

– May have or not enough available capacity• New traffic classes and real-time spread of the traffic across multiple

frequency allocations

Scenario 2: Mobile Networks in disaster locationSelf-healing Networks



78

Scenario 2: Mobile Networks in disaster location

R

Every terminal relays info

BS with limited coverage and capacity

Scenario 2 – realistic situationsSelf-healing Networks



79

Scenario 2 realistic situations

R

BS not working

or capacity limited

The local info is shared

between terminals used

by first responders

TopicsSelf-healing Networks



80

Topics

• MS to MS communication

– Multi-hop relaying function included

• PHY changes to SS

• Ability to connect through a neighbor network

– First responders: different entities involved (police, fire brigade, health,

etc.)• Access rights?

• Security?

• Spectrum

– May have or not enough available capacity in licensed spectrum

• New traffic classes and real-time spread of the traffic across

multiple frequency allocations

ConclusionSelf-healing Networks



Conclusion

• MS-2-MS or SS-2-SS direct communication is requested for smart grids and public safety applications

– Specific issues should be addressed

• PHY, MAC, Networking

•Simultaneous usage of multiple frequency bands

Future 802.16 Networks

Documents