Fungi - LHS Biology

2007-2008AP Biology

DomainBacteria

DomainArchaea

DomainEukarya

Common ancestor

Kingdom: FungiDomain Eukarya

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General characteristicsClassification criteria

eukaryotesheterotrophs

feed by absorptionmostly multicellular

except unicellular yeastscell wall

chitinrigid polysaccharide

sexual & asexual reproduction

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Fungal Structure Fungal body

myceliumthread-like cellshyphae

Cellsmultiple nuclei

Cell wallchitin

just like crab shells

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Internal structureEukaryotic cells

long, thread-like cellsfilamentous

incomplete divisions between cells

septummultiple nuclei

septumchitin cell wall

nucleipore

Aaaaah,

structure–function

relationship!

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plant cell

fungal hypha

plant cell membrane

plant cell wall

Modes of NutritionHeterotrophic

secrete digestive enzymesfeed by absorption

parasitesfeeding on living creatures

predatorsparalyzing prey

decomposerbreakdown dead remains

Fungi live IN

their food!

It’s like you living in Chocolate cake!

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Fungal Diversity

Chytridiomycota

Zygomycota

Basidiomycota

Ascomycota

Fungi

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Ecological RolesDecomposers

recycle nutrientsSymbiotic Relationships

lichenfungi + algae

cyanobacteria or green algaepioneer species in ecosystemsmakes soil from bare rock

mycorrhizaefungi + plantsenables plants to absorb more water

Lichens are fungi that have discovered

agriculture!

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MycorrhizaeCritical role in plant growth

extends water absorption of roots

without mycorrhizae

with mycorrhizae

EctomycorrhizaEndomycorrhiza

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ReproductionAsexual

budding in yeast

Sexualspores

spread by windjoining of + & – haploid spores

haploid spores

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hypha

(n) haploid

(2n) diploid

mating strain

mating strain

FUSION of+ and – gametangia

sporangium

spores (haploid)

MEIOSIS

Zygomycete (Bread Mold) Life Cycle

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Basidiomycete Life Cycle

FUSION ofand

hyphae

fruiting body

MEIOSISspores

gills linedwith basidia

basidium

zygote(n) haploid

(n + n) dikaryotic

strain

strain

2n (diploid)

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Fairy Rings

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The FIRST Antibiotics

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Any Questions??