Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lecture 16 Kingdoms Fungi & Plantae Kingdoms Kingdoms Fungi & Plantae Plantae Fungi Animalia Protista Monera Fungi and Plants Fungi and Plants Fungi and Plants Three lines of evolution from Protista based on mode of nutrition: Animals: Ingestion Fungi: Absorption Fungi: Absorption Plants: Photosynthesis Plants: Photosynthesis Fungi and Plants Fungi and Plants Fungi and Plants Fungi have about 100,000 known species. Estimated 1.4 million total. Plants have about 300,000 known species. Estimated about 500,000 total. Fungi Fungi Fungi Rusts Atelocauda digitata, Endoraecium hawaiense, Helminthosporium maydis, Ustilago cynodontis, ring worm Phytophthora, Plasmopara
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Fungi and Plants - KARL MARSH CCHS Website · Division DeuteromycotaDivision Deuteromycota “Imperfect fungi” – Includes many economically important fungi Sexual reproduction
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Fungi have about 100,000 known species. Estimated 1.4 million total.Plants have about 300,000 known species. Estimated about 500,000 total.
FungiFungiFungi
RustsAtelocauda digitata, Endoraecium
hawaiense, Helminthosporium maydis, Ustilago cynodontis, ring
worm
Phytophthora, Plasmopara
Lecture 15
Spoilage and RotPenicillium on oranges,
Pycnoporous sanguineus, Merulius lacrymans
Edible Fungi
Magic Mushrooms Ergot of RyeLSDLSD
Medicinal FungiWhat is a Fungus (pl.=fungi)?What is a Fungus (pl.=fungi)?What is a Fungus (pl.=fungi)?
EukaryoticEukaryoticHeterotroph (decomposer, parasite, symbiosis)Derive nutrition by absorptionabsorption“Body” multicellular, specifically myceliummycelium or yeastyeast with cell wall composed of chitinchitinReproduce by sporesspores
Lecture 15
HeterotrophHeterotrophHeterotrophDecomposerDecomposer: Recycle non-living organic materialParasiteParasite: Derive nutrition from another living organism
SymbiosisSymbiosis: Lichen = fungus + alga or cyanobacteria
Mycelium and YeastMycelium and YeastMycelium and Yeast
Mycelium: branched filaments
Yeast: Single cells
HyphaHyphaHuman
hair
Cell wall composed of chitinchitin: Mechanical strength, prevents drying out.
AbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorption
Fungus lives in its “food”HyphaHypha
SporesSporesSpores
Spore: Reproductive structure composed of one to a few cells.
Plants evolved Plants evolved from Green from Green Algae ancestorAlgae ancestor
Lecture 15
Adaptation to LandAdaptation to LandAdaptation to LandAlgae must stay in water to survive. No means of retaining water.In order to live on land must at least have a means of retaining water and reproduce.
Division BryophytaDivision BryophytaBryophytes, Mosses, hornworts and liverworts
Plants short, growing close to soil.
16,000 species
CuticleCuticle present, , waxy layer that prevents water loss.
Reproduction by AirAir--borne sporesborne spores
Division BryophytaDivision BryophytaNo water and food transport No water and food transport tissue or support tissue.tissue or support tissue.
No roots, water diffuses into No roots, water diffuses into plant.plant.
This is why these plants are This is why these plants are short!short!
Very similar in appearance to Very similar in appearance to first land plants.first land plants.
Tollund Tollund Man from Man from Silkeborg Silkeborg MuseumMuseum
Angiosperms: Flowering plants seeds borne in fruits
GymnospermsGymnospermsGymnospermsIncludes pines, douglas firs, red woods, cedars, etc.
Naked seedsseeds borne in a cones. Advantage?
Seed has food supply. Can wait until conditions are right to germinate.
PollenPollen delivers sperms to egg. Water not needed
500 species GymnospermsGymnospermsGymnospermsBoth seed and pollen can be air-borne.
Important source of wood, paper
Red WoodRed Wood
AngiospermsAngiospermsAngiospermsDivision: Anthophyta, “Flowering plants”Most number of species and most Most number of species and most successful plants! successful plants! Seeds borne in fruitsfruits.Fruit gives more mechanism of seed dispersal than conifers, e.g. water, animals and wind.
230,000 species
Some seeds need to pass through animals digestive system before germination.
Lecture 15
Division AnthophytaDivision AnthophytaAnthophytaPollen borne in flowerPollen borne in flowerEvolution of floral appearance, e.g. Evolution of floral appearance, e.g. shape, color, smell, etc. all for shape, color, smell, etc. all for pollination!pollination!Pollination can occur by wind, water, and various animals..