Fundaments of demography. Demography – introduction Demos + grafein Study of reproduction of population Population inhabitants in the specific area group.

Fundaments of demography

Demography – introduction

• Demos + grafein

• Study of reproduction of population

• Population• inhabitants in the specific area• group of inhabitants with the same biological,

cultural and social characteristics

The history of demography

• 1662: John Graunt: The natural and political observations, death time table

• based on death time tables → modelling of the death of the London inhabitants

• 17th and 18th century – many theories, example:• A. Smith: Labour requirement influents

and determines state of population, • Thomas Robert Malthus: population has

an exponential growth, means of life support have linear growth

The history of demography

• International statistical congres 1853 in Brussels (initiator L. Quetelet)• the main topic of the congres:

• The first demographic congres 1927, Geneve, formation of International Union for the Scientific Study of Population

Infancy of demography in czech countries

• 1897 Institute of antropology and demography – Charles university

• 1918 State statistical office, department of population statistics

• 1920 Charles University, Faculty of Science

Demographic information sources

• Yearbooks• Demographic yearbook, UN, since 1948

(http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/)• demographic info about chosen countries of the world (not detailed)

• EUROSTAT (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat)• detailed demographic info about EU countries

• Czech statistical office (ČSÚ, http://www.czso.cz)• very detailed info about czech inhabitants

Demographic information sources

• Journals• Population Index (USA, quarterly, since 1935)

• Population & Societé (France, monthly, since 1946)

• Demography (USA, quarterly, since 1964)

• Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft (GER, 4 publications per year, since 1975)

• Demografie (CZE, quarterly, since 1958)

Demographic data

• Two types of data

Population state

• Based on census of inhabitants or population census• Census of inhabitants (collected

only basic data – age, sex, occupation, etc.)

• Population census (big action, many personal characteristics, is done more precisely)

Population state indicators

• Size of population (2 types):

• Size of population

• Mid-year state of population


• Average computation• linear growth of inhabitants

• geometric growth of inhabitants

• continuous growth of inhabitants


• Density of population


• Population structure by sex• share of men

• share of women

• index of masculinity

• index of feminity


• Structure of population by age• biological generation I. 0 – 14 years II. 15 – 49 years

III. 50 years and over

• dependency ratio – according BG

BGI

BGIIIDR

.

.


• economic generation• I. 0 – 19 years (pre-productivity) • II. 15 – 49 years (productivity)• III. 50 and over (post-productivity)

• index of economic load

• weigthed index of economic load


• young dependency rate (green dependency)

• old dependency rate(grey dependency)


• Age pyramid

• progressive (I. BG > III. BG)

• stationary (I. BG ~ III. BG)

• regressive (I. BG < III. BG)


• Age pyramid

Population state indicators – age pyramid


• Age of population

• life expectancy – average duration of life of the current newborn

• normal life expectancy – the most frequently age of death (mode of live duration)

• probability life expectancy – age, in which could live at least a half of population (median)

Population movement indicators

• are directly related to reproduction of population• Indicators: birth, death, marrage,

divorce and moving

• register of natural change

• register of migration

Demographic indicators

Study of reproduction of population

• process of dying-cul

• process of reproduction

• process of migration


• Basic indicators• mortality – death ability • fertility – ability of reproduction • marriage – ability of making couples, which

make possible a reproduction• divorce – ability to cancel out of made

couples• migration – ability to move


• Mortality• death rate

exposition – estimate of average of population – mid-year state of population

Mid-year state of population is estimated1. arithmetical average of first and last value

in the time period2. size of population in the centre of the

interval


• Specific indicators of mortality (by age, by sex etc.)suckling mortality – mortality up to 1 year of the

suckling´s life

• suckling mortality quotient

newborn mortality – mortality up to 28 days after childbirth

• newborn mortality quotient


• letality rate

• specific rate of letality – by age


• Natality

• natality rate

• fertility rate

• contingent – number of women in the fertility age (15 – 49 years)


• specific rate of fertility – includes age of the women

• total fertility rate – average number of children, which are born to 1 woman, fertility is not changing, mortality up to 50 years is zero

• net rate of reproduction – number of girls, which are born to 1 women, fertility is not changing a mortality up to 50 years is also not changing

• crude rate of reproduction – number of girls, which are born to 1 women, fertility is not changing a mortality up to 50 years is zero


• Newborn classification

• sex – index of masculinity and feminity• vitality• legitimate• maturity – readiness to live in the real

world• full-term baby• not full-term baby


• Abortion

• crude rate of abortion

• specific rate of abortion – includes age of the women

• total rate of abortion – average number of abortions per life of the women, fertility and abortion rate is not changing and death rate up to 50 years is zero


• Marriage a divorce

• crude marriage rate

• crude marriage rate – men

• crude marriage rate – women


• specific marriage rate

• specific first marriage rate

• first marriage average age


• crude divorce rate

• specific divorce rate

• specific divorce rates


• Migration• number of moved in (I) and moved out (E)• migration balance • total migration

• immigration intensity

• emigration intensity


• relative migration balance

• total migration rate

• migration balance rate


• Population increase• natural population increase

• K = N – M

• natural increase rate

• total population increase• T = N – M + S

Fundaments of demography. Demography – introduction Demos + grafein Study of reproduction of population Population inhabitants in the specific area group.

Documents

bg slide

scientific study of

population societ france

fundaments of demography

linear growth slide

types of data slide

faculty of science slide

state statistical office