FUNDAMENTALS OF MACHINING
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FUNDAMENTALS OF MACHINING
MODULE CONTENT
• Material removal• Orthogonal Machining• Basic Machining Processes• Turning• Turning• Milling
MATERIAL REMOVAL
• Mass production vs an individual part• Shape generation• Material separation and removal of
separated materialseparated material
DIAGRAM OF ORTHOGONAL MACHINING
CHIP FORMATION
sin
cos(c
c
Vt AB
AB Vr tφ
φ α= = =
−cos(c
AB Vr t φ α−
“STACK OF CARD” MODEL OF MATERIAL REMOVAL
CHIPS SHAPE
TEMPERATURE FIELD
FIGURE 20-20 Free-body diagram of orthogonal chipformation process, showing equilibrium conditionbetween resultant forces R and R.
MATERIAL REMOVAL
BASIC MACHINING PROCESSES
• Turning• Milling• Sawing• Grinding• Grinding• Shaping• Planning• Broaching • Drilling
TURNING MACHINING
LATH OPERATION
FIGURE 20-6 Basics of milling processes (slab, face, and end milling) including equations for cutting time and metalremoval rate (MRR).
FIGURE 20-7 Basics of the drilling (hole-making) processes, including equations for cutting time andmetal removal rate (MRR).
FIGURE 20-8 Process basics ofbroaching. Equations for cuttingtime and metal removal rate(MRR) are developed inChapter 26
Tool Geometry Terminology
FIGURE 21-11 Standard terminology to describe the geometry of single-point tools: (a) three dimensional views ofdimensional views oftool, (b) oblique view of tool from cutting edge, (c) top view of turning with single-point tool, (d) oblique view fromshank end of single-point turning tool.
TURNING TOOLS
FIGURE 20-6 Basics of milling processes (slab, face, and end milling) including equations for cutting time and metalremoval rate (MRR).
FIGURE 20-7 Basics of the drilling (hole-making) processes, including equations for cutting time andmetal removal rate (MRR).
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