Fundamentals of Computers

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Created by: Lokendra Singh Sikarwar

Fundamentals of Computers

Tally institute of learning, Guna

The Computer

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A computer is an electronic device , operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit ,that can accept data (input) ,process data arithmetically and logically ,produce information (output) from the processing , and store the results for future use.

Introduction to computer

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Four operations performed.The four operations are referred to as the information processing cycle: Input, Process, Output, and Storage.Computers transform raw data into information.People who use this information are referred to as end users, computer users or users.

Functions of Computer

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computer

softwarehardware

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Hardware

Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system. This includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also includes all the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard disk drive, motherboard, video card, and many others. Computer hardware is what you can physically touch. A computer system consists of three major, interconnected sub-systems. They are :

Input Devices System Devices Output Devices

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Input Devices

An input device sends information to a computer system for processing . Some of the input devices are :

Gaming Controller Microphone Webcam Joystick

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Gaming controller

microphone

webcam

Joystick

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Output Devices

An output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Some of the input devices are :

Headphones Projector Speaker Plotter

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Headphones Projector

Speaker Plotter

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System Unit

The common components of a system unit includes the Motherboard , Microprocessor , Main Memory , Video card , Ports , SMPS ,etc . Sometimes the System Unit is also called the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

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Logical layout of a Computer System

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software

Computer Software or simply software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. Computer software contrasts with computer hardware, which is the physical component of computers.

System software Application software

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System Software controls the operation and manages the resources of a computer. System software includes:

System software

Operation System Device Drivers

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Operating system

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DEVICE DRIVER

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Application software is a set of programs created to perform particular tasks. This is the area where the user actually works. for example: Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, Tally.ERP 9, etc.

Utility program Computer programming tools

Application software

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Utility program

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Computer programming tools

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Peripheral devices are external devices which are used for input and output.

Peripherals

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In Computing, an input device is a peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners , digital cameras and joysticks.

Input Devices

mousekeyboards scanner

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An Output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form. Some output devices are:

Output devices

MONITOR PRINTERPlotter

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Storage Device - a piece of computer equipment on which information can be stored.A storage device is any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device .Some storage device are...

Storage devices

pen driveHARD DISKCd , dvd

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A storage device may also be known as a storage medium.The Generations Of Computer –

First Generation (1951-1958): Vacuum Tubes. Second Generation (1959-1964): Transistors. Third Generation (1965-1970): Integrated Circuits. Fourth Generation (1971-1985): Microprocessors. Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Artificial Intelligence

The generations of computers

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Computer can be classified into various categories based on their hardware structure , functioning technology, size and power .The types of computer are:

Personal Computer Mini Computer Mainframe Computers Super Computers

Types and classification of

computers

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Personal Computer

Mini Computer

Mainframe Computers

Super Computers

Tally institute of learning, Guna

Created by: Lokendra Singh Sikarwar