Fundamentals of Biology Mrs. Young Welcome to B101 Please take a syllabus and an index card On the front of the card write your Last name, first name Underneath.
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Fundamentals of BiologyMrs. Young
Welcome to B101 Please take a syllabus and an index card On the front of the card write your Last name, first name Underneath your name write cell phone number and email
where you can be reached if necessary, major (if decided), year in school, sport if you play one here at TWC, and what hobbies/ subjects you are interested in
You will need to read your textbook, take notes, pay attention in class, do assignments (which includes answering questions in the textbook), study until you understand and can answer questions on the material, attend lab, do lab work, and prepare for lab quizzes….
Whew! That sounds like an awful lot of work! 1-10
Why so much work?
We learn only 10% of what we read, and 20% of what we hear
We have to do more to learn more In biology we are going to be covering some complex
topics: for example we will start with a quick review of basic and organic chemistry, move into cell biology, and then go into enzymes, respiration, and photosynthesis. These topics cannot be learned well by simply listening to lectures.
Memory researcher Robert Bjork “The typical college student spends far too much time reading and underlining and far too little time summarizing, paraphrasing, and testing his or her ability to retrieve what has been studied”
Inputting and encoding vs retrieval and outputting of information
Testing has to do with retrieval and outputting of information so don’t forget this important step when you are studying
Bring textbook to class Always bring your lab book to lab unless otherwise
specified! Take notes; rework them after class to clear up
anything that is unclear. Look at a classmates notes as well as your own. Have a study buddy. Get their phone number so you will have someone to call if you have to miss class.
Power points will be posted on my website before the exam; www.twcnet.edu/young. Take advantage of this resource
Scientists approach their work with some basic assumptions:
– Natural events have specific causes.– The causes for events in nature can be identified.– Natural events follow general rules and patterns.– A recurrent natural event has a common cause.– Different people can observe the same natural events.– Natural laws hold true regardless of time and place.
A way of gaining information about the world that involves– forming possible solutions to questions.– rigorous testing to determine if the solutions are
supported.– continual checking and rechecking to make sure
that previous conclusions are still supported.– modification of unsupported conclusions.
Hypotheses need to be tested to see if they are supported or disproved.– Disproved hypotheses are rejected.– Hypotheses can be supported but not proven.
There are several ways to test a hypothesis:– Gathering relevant historical information– Make additional observations from the natural
Hypothesis: Male sex hormones produced by the testes stimulate male birds to sing.
Experimental group: Male birds with testes removed at birth. Control group: Male birds subjected to a similar surgery that
were allowed to develop normally with testes. Independent variable: presence or absence of testes. Dependent variable: presence of singing behavior. Data: Male songbirds without testes do not exhibit singing
A theory may be defined as a widely accepted, plausible general statement about a fundamental concept in science.– The germ theory states that infectious diseases are
caused by microorganisms. Many diseases are not caused by microorganisms, so we
must be careful not to generalize theories too broadly.
– Theories continue to be tested. Exceptions identified Modifications made
Scientists continually challenge and test principles to determine cause-and-effect relationships.– Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy
Nonscientists cannot test their hypotheses directly and often cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships.– History, Literature, Philosophy, Art, Sociology,
Organ system—many organs that perform a particular function.
Organ—many tissues that perform a particular function. Tissue—many cells that perform a particular function. Cell—simplest unit that shows characteristics of life. Molecules—specific arrangements of atoms. Atoms—the fundamental units of matter.
Biology has significantly contributed to our high standard of living.
For example:– Advanced food production– Significant progress in health – Advances in disease control– Advances in plant and animal breeding– Advances in biotechnology– Progress in genome studies
Concept Review #3, 6 #7 List the parts of the scientific method in order and describe
each #13, 14 Discuss how the birdsong experiment we discussed in class
exemplifies the scientific method in terms of the first 4 steps. Define independent variable vs dependent variable Inductive reasoning vs deductive reasoning