Functional printing on paper subtrates

Functional printing on papersubstrates

Matija Mraovićmatija.mraovic@icp‐lj.si

What is? Intelligent packagingMeta‐paper / Frequency Selective Screen

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Interdisciplinary approach:

• Paper science,• Graphical science,• Physics, • Chemistry,• Biology,• Electronics,• Management,• …

New designs,New materials,Nanomaterials?

Printed antennas, sensors

Printed displays,indicators

Intelligent packaging

Includes: Internal and external sensing Monitoring of parameters vital for the goods inside Parameter recording and storing for later analysis (optimization) Shelf life calculation Communication Protection (anti‐tampering, anti‐counterfitting, damaged…) Transport and storage monitoring Life cycle monitoring

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TRENDI RAZVOJA

Bar code >>>> RFID

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QR code + mobile phone extra info web shopping, marketing …


PRINTED ELECTRONICS Flexible materials (paper, carton, foil…) Functional printing inks Conventional printing (not same perspective) Passive electronic components (antennas, sensors …) Active electronic components (displays, ICs …)


prevod

na TB

Printed electronics– functional inksConventional print (illusion)

– (CMYK) …

PRINTED ELECTRONICS


PRINTED HUMIDITY SENSORS Capacitive humidity sensors Gas sensor modification (functional coating) RFID sensor platform


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FABRICATED WITH SCREEN PRINTING• Commercial conductive ink (polymer with

silver micro/nano‐particles)• Heat curing• Simple to fabricate• Low resolution• Surface roughness• Issue with electrical contacts

TWO SENSOR TYPES• Lateral (comb) type capacitor ‐ A• Flat plate capacitor – B

SENSOR DIMENSIONS• 1X1 CM (A,B)• 2X2 CM (A,B)• 3X3 CM (A,B)• ARRAYS WITH ALL DIMENSIONS

OF BASE TYPE SENSORS.

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1x1 cm

2x2 cm

3x3 cm

3x3 cm array

2x2 array 1x1 array

Flat plate

1x1 cm 2x2 cm

Layout of the printing form

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MAIN GOALS:• Design and fabricate capacitive humidity

sensors of different geometry andconfiguration.

• Test sensors on different cellulose based substrates.

• Find the optimum design (electrically and economically) for future work.

The ultimate goal is to fabricate a RFID enabled system with screen printed sensors for use in smart packaging applications.

Substrates and sensor labelingVimax (recycled paper) C1 (1×1 cm), C2 (2×2 cm), C3 (3×3 cm); comb typeM‐Liner (cardboard) K1 (1×1 cm), K2 (2×2 cm), K3 (3×3 cm); comb typePackPro (food packaging paper) V2 (2×2 cm); comb typePoly‐carbonate foil PC (2×2 cm); comb type

ASSUMPTION:SENSOR RESPONSE IS A FUNCTION OF SUBSTRATE.

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Testing in the humidity chamber at the Faculty of electrical engineering, Ljubljana

CONSTANT TEMPERATURE: T = 23°CRELATIVE HUMIDITY RANGE: 35 % ‐ 80 % Rh

MEASURING QUANTITIES:• CAPACITANCE [F]• CONDUCTANCE [S]4 MEASUREMENT SERIES:

From low (35 % Rh) to high (80 % Rh) – 5 % Rh step, step duration 1hFrom high to low – 5 % Rh step, step duration 1hCycling the Rh from 35 % ‐ 80 % ‐ 40 % Rh – 10 % Rh step, 1hCycling the Rh from 80 % ‐ 35 % ‐ 70 % Rh – 10 % Rh step, 1h• Can track up to 16 sensors simultaneously with arbitrary period ( 30s ).

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

x 10-10

Cap

acita

nce

[F]

Time response

11:17 12:34 13:35 14:39 15:42 16:44 17:45 18:52 20:01 21:10 22:20

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

Time

Rh

[%]

C1C2C3K1K2K3PCV2RhSetRh

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Time response plotDATA FROM CYCLING MEASUREMENT (35 % ‐ 80 % ‐ 40 % RH)• Lazy and lower response at low Rh (< 50 % Rh)• Saturation and over response at Rh > 80 %

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 800

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5x 10

-10

Rh [%]

Cap

acita

nce

[F]

Capacitance vs Rh

C1C2C3K1K2K3PC2V2

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C vs Rh plotDATA FROM CYCLING MEASUREMENT (35 % ‐ 80 % ‐ 40 % RH)• Logarithmic response type• Hysteresis (evident at Rh > ~60 % Rh) higher capacitance with

moist sensor (from 80 % to 40 % Rh) lower capacitance with dry sensor (from 35 % to 80 % Rh)

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 800

10

20

30

40

50

60

Rh [%]

SR [%

]

Relative sensitivity (SR)

C1dryC1moist

C2dry

C2moistC3dry

C3moist

K1dryK1moist

K2dry

K2moist

K3dryK3moist

PC2dry

PC2moistV2dry

V2moist

P2dryP2moist

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Relative sensitivity plot: SR vs RhDATA FROM CYCLING MEASUREMENT (35 % ‐ 80 % ‐ 40 % RH)• All sensors in the same region of sensitivity (also P‐C foil)• More sensitive when moist

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In conclusion:• SENSOR RESPONSE IS NOT A FUNCTION OF SUBSTRATE, IT'S

A FUNCTION OF CONDUCTIVE INK (POLYMER).• LOGARITHMIC RESPONSE.• HYSTERESIS.• REPEATABILITY IS POOR.• CAN BE USED FOR SIMPLE APPLICATIONS WHERE IT'S ONLY

IMPORTANT TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DRY AND WET.• CHEAP (MASS PRODUCIBLE), EASILY FABRICATED AND

INTEGRATED INTO PRODUCTS (EG. PACKAGING).

PROBLEMS• ENERGY SUPPLY• ELECTRICAL CONTACTS

META‐PAPER / FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SCREEN

• The frequency selective surfaces (FSS) are periodic structures in either one or two dimensions which perform a filter operation. Depending on their construction, material and geometry, they are divided into low‐pass, high‐pass, band‐pass and band‐stop filters.

173D 2D - printed


APPLICATIONS• Frequency splitting• Cassegrain reflectors• Frequency filtering (reflecting)• EM radiation protection• Wireless data protection• Antenna power directing• IR radiation reflecting• …

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STRUCTURE (2D – PRINTED)• Periodic conducting patterns (meta‐cells)• Dimensions proportional to wave‐length• Passive antenna (reflector) analysis approach

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META‐CELL

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MEASUREMENT RESULTS• Screen‐printing Ag‐ink• Operation @ 3,0 GHz

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• IR reflector (~10 micron print?)• Printed antennas (radar, Wi‐Fi; performance?)• Cheap solutions (maritime, cars…)

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ALL ACHIEVABLE BY PRINT!

• Intelligent packaging / electronic components• Meta‐paper (fundamental physical property of paper altered)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:Thanks to Vipap d.d., for supporting and fully financing the meta‐paper research.

Functional printing on paper subtrates

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