Functional Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia • Four main nuclei striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, & substantia nigra • Two general frameworks – Anatomically-based physiological models • Direct vs indirect pathway controling motor output – Systems/behavioral level • Functional classification according to behavioral distruption caused by focal lesions – Parallel Cortico-BG-cortical loops • Major inputs: neocortex & substantia nigra • Major output: neocortex via thalamus
11
Embed
Functional Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia · Functional Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia • Four main nuclei striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, & substantia nigra • Two
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Functional Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia• Four main nuclei
striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, & substantia nigra
• Two general frameworks– Anatomically-based physiological models
• Direct vs indirect pathway controling motor output– Systems/behavioral level
• Functional classification according to behavioral distruption caused by focal lesions
– Parallel Cortico-BG-cortical loops• Major inputs: neocortex & substantia nigra• Major output: neocortex via thalamus
Overview: Basal Ganglia & thalamus
Herrero et al (2002) Figure by MIT OCW.
Striatum = Caudate nucleus and putamenPallidum = Ext. and Internal segments of globus pallidus
Cerebral Cortex
Caudate
Putamen
Globus Pallidus
(Substantia Nigra)
Hippocampus
Amygdala
White Matter
Midbrain dopamine InputsSN: Substantia NigraVTA: ventral tegmental areaSC: sup. ColliculusRD: red nucleus Section of brainstem
stained for tryosinehydroxilase (DA)
Glutamate Input:Cortex
Organizing principlesProximity
Topograpic projections from motor/somatosensory cortices to putamen
LongitudinalTrans-striatal projections from association cortices to caudate
Tripartate pattern
Saint-Cyr (2003) J. Int. Neuropsych. Soc.Figure by MIT OCW.