VCNL4040 www.vishay.com Vishay Semiconductors Rev. 1.5, 12-Nov-2019 1 Document Number: 84274 For technical questions, contact: [email protected]THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Fully Integrated Proximity and Ambient Light Sensor with Infrared Emitter, I 2 C Interface, and Interrupt Function ADDITIONAL RESOURCES DESCRIPTION VCNL4040 integrates a proximity sensor (PS), ambient light sensor (ALS), and a high power IRED into one small package. It incorporates photodiodes, amplifiers, and analog to digital converting circuits into a single chip by CMOS process. The 16-bit high resolution ALS offers excellent sensing capabilities with sufficient selections to fulfill most applications whether dark or high transparency lens design. High and low interrupt thresholds can be programmed for both ALS and PS, allowing the component to use a minimal amount of the microcontrollers resources. The proximity sensor features an intelligent cancellation scheme, so that cross talk phenomenon is eliminated effectively. To accelerate the PS response time, smart persistence prevents the misjudgment of proximity sensing but also keeps a fast response time. In active force mode, a single measurement can be requested, allowing another good approach for more design flexibility to fulfill different kinds of applications with more power saving. The patented Filtron TM technology achieves ambient light spectral sensitivity closest to real human eye response and offers the best background light cancellation capability (including sunlight) without utilizing the microcontrollers’ resources. VCNL4040 provides an excellent temperature compensation capability for keeping output stable under various temperature configurations. ALS and PS functions are easily set via the simple command format of I 2 C (SMBus compatible) interface protocol. Operating voltage ranges from 2.5 V to 3.6 V. VCNL4040 is packaged in a lead (Pb)-free 8-pin molding package, which offers the best market-proven reliability quality. FEATURES • Package type: surface-mount • Dimensions (L x W x H in mm): 4.0 x 2.0 x 1.1 • Integrated modules: infrared emitter (IRED), ambient light sensor (ALS), proximity sensor (PS), and signal conditioning IC • Operates ALS and PS in parallel structure • Filtron TM technology adoption for robust background light cancellation • Temperature compensation: -40 °C to +85 °C • Low power consumption I 2 C (SMBus compatible) interface • Floor life: 168 h, MSL 3, according to J-STD-020 • Output type: I 2 C bus (ALS / PS) • Operation voltage: 2.5 V to 3.6 V • Material categorization: for definitions of compliance please see www.vishay.com/doc?99912 PROXIMITY FUNCTION • Immunity to red glow (940 nm IRED) • Programmable IRED sink current • Intelligent cancellation to reduce cross talk phenomenon • Smart persistence scheme to reduce PS response time • Selectable for 12- / 16-bit PS output data AMBIENT LIGHT FUNCTION • High accuracy of ALS ±10 % • Fluorescent light flicker immunity • Spectrum close to real human eye responses • Selectable maximum detection range (819 / 1638 / 3277 / 6553) lux with highest sensitivity 0.0125 lux/step INTERRUPT • Programmable interrupt function for ALS and PS with upper and lower thresholds • Adjustable persistence to prevent false triggers for ALS and PS APPLICATIONS • Handheld device • Notebook, tablet PC • Consumer device • Industrial application 3 3 D D 3 D 3D Models Design Tools Related Documents
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Fully Integrated Proximity and Ambient Light Sensor withInfrared Emitter, I2C Interface, and Interrupt Function
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
DESCRIPTIONVCNL4040 integrates a proximity sensor (PS), ambient light sensor (ALS), and a high power IRED into one small package. It incorporates photodiodes, amplifiers, and analog to digital converting circuits into a single chip by CMOS process. The 16-bit high resolution ALS offers excellent sensing capabilities with sufficient selections to fulfill most applications whether dark or high transparency lens design. High and low interrupt thresholds can be programmed for both ALS and PS, allowing the component to use a minimal amount of the microcontrollers resources.
The proximity sensor features an intelligent cancellation scheme, so that cross talk phenomenon is eliminated effectively. To accelerate the PS response time, smart persistence prevents the misjudgment of proximity sensing but also keeps a fast response time. In active force mode, a single measurement can be requested, allowing another good approach for more design flexibility to fulfill different kinds of applications with more power saving.
The patented FiltronTM technology achieves ambient light spectral sensitivity closest to real human eye response and offers the best background light cancellation capability (including sunlight) without utilizing the microcontrollers’ resources. VCNL4040 provides an excellent temperature compensation capability for keeping output stable under various temperature configurations. ALS and PS functions are easily set via the simple command format of I2C (SMBus compatible) interface protocol. Operating voltage ranges from 2.5 V to 3.6 V. VCNL4040 is packaged in a lead (Pb)-free 8-pin molding package, which offers the best market-proven reliability quality.
FEATURES• Package type: surface-mount
• Dimensions (L x W x H in mm): 4.0 x 2.0 x 1.1
• Integrated modules: infrared emitter (IRED), ambient light sensor (ALS), proximity sensor (PS), and signal conditioning IC
• Operates ALS and PS in parallel structure
• FiltronTM technology adoption for robust background light cancellation
• Temperature compensation: -40 °C to +85 °C
• Low power consumption I2C (SMBus compatible) interface
• Floor life: 168 h, MSL 3, according to J-STD-020
• Output type: I2C bus (ALS / PS)
• Operation voltage: 2.5 V to 3.6 V
• Material categorization: for definitions of compliance please see www.vishay.com/doc?99912
PROXIMITY FUNCTION• Immunity to red glow (940 nm IRED)
• Programmable IRED sink current
• Intelligent cancellation to reduce cross talk phenomenon
• Smart persistence scheme to reduce PS response time
• Selectable for 12- / 16-bit PS output data
AMBIENT LIGHT FUNCTION• High accuracy of ALS ±10 %
• Fluorescent light flicker immunity
• Spectrum close to real human eye responses
• Selectable maximum detection range (819 / 1638 / 3277 / 6553) lux with highest sensitivity 0.0125 lux/step
INTERRUPT• Programmable interrupt function for ALS and PS with
upper and lower thresholds
• Adjustable persistence to prevent false triggers for ALS and PS
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Note(1) Adjustable through I2C interface
Note(1) MOQ: minimum order quantity
PRODUCT SUMMARY
PART NUMBER
OPERATINGRANGE
(mm)
OPERATINGVOLTAGE
RANGE(V)
I2C BUSVOLTAGE
RANGE(V)
IRED PULSECURRENT (1)
(mA)
AMBIENTLIGHT
RANGE(lx)
AMBIENTLIGHT
RESOLUTION(lx)
OUTPUTCODE
ADC RESOLUTIONPROXIMITY /
AMBIENT LIGHT
VCNL4040 0 to 200 2.5 to 3.6 1.8 to 3.6 200 0.0125 to 6553 0.0125 16 bit, I2C 16 bit / 16 bit
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Notes(1) Test condition: VDD = 3.3 V, temperature: 25 °C(2) Maximum detection range to ambient light can be determined by ALS refresh time adjustment. Refer to table “ALS Resolution and Maximum
Detection Range”(3) Based on IRED on / off duty ratio = 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, and 1/320
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS (Tamb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified)PARAMETER TEST CONDITION SYMBOL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
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Fig. 1 - I2C Bus Timing Diagram
I2C BUS TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Tamb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified)
PARAMETER SYMBOLSTANDARD MODE FAST MODE
UNITMIN. MAX. MIN. MAX.
Clock frequency f(SMBCLK) 10 100 10 400 kHz
Bus free time between start and stop condition t(BUF) 4.7 1.3 μs
Hold time after (repeated) start condition; after this period, the first clock is generated t(HDSTA) 4.0 0.6 μs
Repeated start condition setup time t(SUSTA) 4.7 0.6 μs
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PARAMETER TIMING INFORMATION
Fig. 2 - I2C Bus Timing for Sending Word Command Format
Fig. 3 - I2C Bus Timing for Receiving Word Command Format
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (Tamb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified)
Fig. 4 - Normalized Spectral Response
Fig. 5 - Forward Current IF = f (VF)
Fig. 6 - ALS Refresh Time vs. Maximum Detection Range
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Fig. 10 - IRED Profile
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Pin Connection with the Host
VCNL4040 integrates proximity sensor, ambient light Sensor, and IRED all together with I2C interface. It is very easy for the baseband (CPU) to access PS and ALS output data via I2C interface without extra software algorithms. The hardware schematic is shown in the following diagram.
Two additional capacitors in the circuit can be used for the following purposes: (1) the 0.1 μF capacitor near the VDD pin is used for power supply noise rejection, (2) the 2.2 μF capacitor - connected to the anode - is used to prevent the IRED voltage from instantly dropping when the IRED is turned on, and (3) 2.2 kΩ is suitable for the pull up resistor of I2C except for the 8.2 kΩapplied on the INT pin.
Note• Cathode (LED) and cathode (sensor): pins need to be connected together externally
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Digital Interface
VCNL4040 applies single slave address 0x60 (HEX) of 7-bit addressing following I2C protocol. As figure 12 shows, VCNL4040’s I2C command format is simple for read and write operations between VCNL4040 and the host. The white sections indicate host activity and the gray sections indicate VCNL4040’s acknowledgement of the host access activity. Write word and read word protocol is suitable for accessing registers particularly for 16-bit data ALS and 12-bit / 16-bit PS data. Interrupt can be cleared by reading data out from register: INT_Flag. All command codes should follow read word and write word protocols.
Fig. 12 - Write Word and Read Word Protocol
Function Description
VCNL4040 applies a 16-bit high resolution ALS that provides the best ambient light sensing capability down to 0.01 lux/step which works well under a low transmittance lens design (dark lens). A flexible interrupt function of ALS (register: ALS_CONF) is also supported. The INT signal will not be triggered by VCNL4040 if the ALS value is not over high INT threshold window level, or lower than low INT threshold window level of ALS. VCNL4040 detects different light sources such as fluorescent light, incandescent light, sunlight, and white LED with high accuracy ALS data output after detecting algorithm is implemented.
For proximity sensor function, VCNL4040 supports different kinds of mechanical designs to achieve the best proximity detection performance for any color of object with more flexibility. The basic PS function settings, such as duty ratio, integration time, interrupt, and PS enable / disable, and persistence, are handled by the register: PS_CONF1. Duty ratio controls the PS response time. Integration time represents the duration of the energy being received. The interrupt is triggered when the PS detection levels over the high threshold level setting (register: PS_THDH) or lower than low threshold (register: PS_THDL). If the interrupt function is enabled, the host can react to the interrupt pin, instead of polling the PS data registers. The INT flag (register: INT_Flag) indicates the type of interrupt that has been triggered, depending on the interrupt settings in the configuration registers. PS persistence (PS_PERS) sets up the PS INT trigger conditions, defining the amount of consecutive hits required before an interrupt event occurs. The intelligent cancellation level can be set on register: PS_CANC to reduce the cross talk phenomenon.
VCNL4040 also supports an easy to use proximity detection logic mode, that triggers when the PS high threshold is exceeded and automatically resets the interrupt pin when the proximity reading falls beneath the PS low threshold. This functionality can be set in the register: PS_MS. A smart persistence is provided to be able to prevent false PS interrupt trigger events. Descriptions of each of these parameters are shown in table 1.
S Slave Address Wr A Command Code A Data Byte Low A Data Byte High A
1 7 81 1 1 8 1 8
P
1 1
Send Byte Write Command to VCNL4040
1
Slave Address
7
Wr A Command Code A S Slave Address Rd A Data Byte Low A Data Byte High A P
1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 1
S
Receive Byte Read Data from VCNL4040
S = start conditionP = stop conditionA = acknowledgeShaded area = VCNL4040 acknowledge
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Note• All of reserved register are used for internal test. Please keep as default setting.
Command Register Format
VCNL4040 provides an 8-bit command register for ALS and PS controlling independently. The description of each command format is shown in following tables.
TABLE 1 - COMMAND CODE AND REGISTER DESCRIPTION COMMAND CODE
DATE BYTELOW / HIGH
REGISTERNAME R / W DEFAULT
VALUE FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
0x00L ALS_CONF R / W 0x01 ALS integration time, persistence, interrupt, and function enable / disable
H Reserved R / W 0x00 Reserved
0x01L ALS_THDH_L R / W 0x00 ALS high interrupt threshold LSB byte
H ALS_THDH_M R / W 0x00 ALS high interrupt threshold MSB byte
0x02L ALS_THDL_L R / W 0x00 ALS low interrupt threshold LSB byte
H ALS_THDL_M R / W 0x00 ALS low interrupt threshold MSB byte
0x03L PS_CONF1 R / W 0x01 PS duty ratio, integration time, persistence, and PS enable / disable
H PS_CONF2 R / W 0x00 PS output resolution selection, PS interrupt trigger method
0x04L PS_CONF3 R / W 0x00 PS multi pulse, active force mode, sunlight immunity setting
H PS_MS R / W 0x00 White channel enable / disable, PS mode selection, PS protection setting, and LED current selection
0x05L PS_CANC_L R / W 0x00 PS cancellation level setting
H PS_CANC_M R / W 0x00 PS cancellation level setting
0x06L PS_THDL_L R / W 0x00 PS low interrupt threshold setting LSB byte
H PS_THDL_M R / W 0x00 PS low interrupt threshold setting MSB byte
0x07L PS_THDH_L R / W 0x00 PS high interrupt threshold setting LSB byte
H PS_THDH_M R / W 0x00 PS high interrupt threshold setting MSB byte
0x08L PS_Data_L R 0x00 PS LSB output data
H PS_Data_M R 0x00 PS MSB output data
0x09L ALS_Data_L R 0x00 ALS LSB output data
H ALS_Data_M R 0x00 ALS MSB output data
0x0AL White_Data_L R 0x00 White LSB output data
H White_Data_M R 0x00 White MSB output data
0x0BL Reserved R 0x00 Reserved
H INT_Flag R 0x00 ALS, PS interrupt flags
0x0CL ID_L R 0x86 Device ID LSB
H ID_M R 0x01 Device ID MSB
TABLE 2 - REGISTER: ALS_CONF DESCRIPTIONREGISTER NAME COMMAND CODE: 0x00_L (0x00 DATA BYTE LOW)
Command Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REGISTER: ALS_CONF COMMAND CODE: 0x00_L (0x00 DATA BYTE LOW)
Command Bit Description
ALS_IT 7 : 6 (0 : 0) = 80 ms; (0 : 1) = 160 ms; (1 : 0) = 320 ms; (1 : 1) = 640 ms ALS integration time setting, longer integration time has higher sensitivity
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PS_AF 3 0 = active force mode disable (normal mode), 1 = active force mode enable
PS_TRIG 2 0 = no PS active force mode trigger, 1 = trigger one time cycle VCNL4040 output one cycle data every time host writes in ‘1’ to sensor. The state returns to ‘0’ automatically.
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Adjustable Sampling Time
VCNL4040’s LED driver drives the internal IRED with the “LED CATHODE” pin by a pulsed duty cycle. The IRED on / off duty ratio can be set in register: PS_Duty which is related to the current consumption and PS response time. The higher the duty ratio, the faster the response time achieved with higher power consumption. For example, PS_Duty = 1/320, peak IRED current = 100 mA, averaged current consumption is 100 mA/320 = 0.3125 mA.
Initialization
VCNL4040 includes default values for each register. As long as power is on, it is ready to be controlled by host via I2C bus.
Threshold Window Setting
• ALS Threshold Window Setting (Applying ALS INT)
Register: ALS_THDH_L and ALS_THDH_M defines 16-bit ALS high threshold data for LSB byte and MSB byte. Register: ALS_THDL_L and ALS_THDL_M defines 16-bit ALS low threshold data for LSB byte and MSB byte. As long as ALS INT function is enabled, INT will be triggered once the ALS data exceeds ALS_THDH or goes below ALS_THDL. To easily define the threshold range, multiply the value of the resolution (lux/step) by the threshold level (refer to table 14).
• ALS PersistenceThe ALS INT is triggered once the ALS value is higher or lower than the threshold window. The ALS_PERS (1, 2, 4, 8 times) parameter, sets the amount of consecutive hits needed, in order for an interrupt event to trigger.
• Programmable PS ThresholdVCNL4040 provides both high and low thresholds setting for PS (register: PS_THDL, PS_THDH).
• PS PersistenceThe PS persistence function (PS_PERS, 1, 2, 3, 4) helps to avoid false trigger of the PS INT. It defines the amount of consecutive hits needed in order for a PS interrupt event to be triggered.
• PS Active Force modeAn extreme power saving way to use PS is to apply PS active force (register: PS_CONF3 command: PS_AF = 1) mode. Anytime host would like to request one proximity measurement, write a ‘1’ into register: PS_CONF3 command: PS_Trig. This triggers a single PS measurement, which can be read from the PS result registers. VCNL4040 stays in standby mode constantly.
Data Access
All of VCNL4040 16 bit command registers are readable. The result data for ALS, white, and PS measurements can be read out form their respective registers. Each result is made of 2 bytes.
Intelligent Cancellation
VCNL4040 provides an intelligent cancellation method to reduce cross talk phenomenon for the proximity sensor. The output data will be subtracted by the value set in register: PS_CANC.
TABLE 14 - ALS RESOLUTION AND MAXIMUM DETECTION RANGE
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Interruption (INT)
The VCNL4040 has an interrupt feature for both the PS and ALS channel. The purpose of the interrupt feature is to actively inform the host once INT has been triggered. When the interrupt is enabled, the host does not need to continuously read the data registers of the sensor, but instead can simply react to the interrupt pin. As long as the host enables ALS interrupt (register: ALS_INT_EN) or PS interrupt (register: PS_INT) function, the level of INT pin (pin 6) is pulled low once an interrupt event has been triggered. All registers are accessible even if INT is triggered.
ALS INT is triggered when ALS value crosses over the value set in register: ALS_THDH or below the value set by register: ALS_THDL. PS INT is triggered when the PS value crosses over the value set in register: PS_THDH or falls below the value set in register: PS_THDL. Which of these thresholds to react to, can be set by the PS_INT bits in the register: PS_CONF2.
Interruption Flag
Register: INT_Flag represents all of the interrupt trigger statuses for ALS and PS. If any of these flags trigger from “0” to “1”, the INT pin will be pulled low. Once the host reads INT_Flag register, all the flags are cleared (reset to "0"), and the INT pin is reset to high.
PROXIMITY DETECTION LOGIC OUTPUT MODEVCNL4040 has a proximity detection logic mode, enabling the host to read the state of PS (near or far) simply by monitoring the INT pin (pin 6). When this mode is selected, the INT pin is pulled low when an object is close to the sensor (value is above high threshold) and is reset to high when the object moves away (value is below low threshold). Register: PS_THDH / PS_THDL define where these threshold levels are set.
It should be noted that whenever the proximity detection logic mode has been enabled, the INT pin only reacts to proximity interrupt events. If the host would like to use ALS INT function, the bit PS_MS in the register: PS_MS needs to be set to normal operation mode (PS_MS = 0). In order for the proximity detection logic mode to function, one of the PS_INT bits in register: PS_CONF2 must be enabled (“trigger when close”, “trigger when away”, or “trigger when close or away”). If PS_INT is set to “INT Disable” the proximity detection logic mode will not function.
PROXIMITY DETECTION HYSTERESISA hysteresis is created by setting the low and high threshold values. With proximity detection logic mode disabled, an interrupt event will trigger and stay triggered until it is cleared in the INT_Flag register. The register is cleared automatically once it is read. If the interrupt flags are not cleared after an interrupt event has occurred, the VCNL4040 will not react to another interrupt event until the INT-Flag register has been cleared. An example of this could be when turning on and off a backlight of a mobile display. First the PS INT triggers when the PS value is over PS_THDH. The host switches off the panel backlight and then clears INT. When PS value is less than PS_THDL, host switches on panel backlight.
Fig. 13 - VCNL4040 Reference Circuit Connection with Host (Proximity Detection Logic Output Mode)(VCNL4040 INT pin connecting to BB GPIO instead of INT pin)
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PACKAGE INFORMATION (VCNL4040M3OE) in millimeters
Fig. 14 - VCNL4040 Package Dimensions
LAYOUT PAD INFORMATION (VCNL4040M3OE) in millimeters
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PACKAGE INFORMATION (VCNL4040M3OE-H3) in millimeters
Fig. 16 - VCNL4040M3OE-H3 Package Dimensions
PACKAGE INFORMATION (VCNL4040M3OE-H5) in millimeters
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LAYOUT PAD INFORMATION (VCNL4040M3OE-H3, VCNL4040M3OE-H5) in millimeters
Fig. 18 - VCNL4040M3OE-H3 and H5 PCB Layout Footprint
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RECOMMENDED INFRARED REFLOWSoldering conditions which are based on J-STD-020 C
Recommend Normal Solder Reflow is 235 °C to 265 °C
Fig. 20 - VCNL4040 Solder Reflow Profile Chart
RECOMMENDED STORAGE AND REBAKING CONDITIONSPARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. MAX. UNIT
Storage temperature 5 50 °C
Relative humidity 60 %
Open time 168 h
Total time From the date code on the aluminized envelope (unopened) 12 months
RebakingTape and Reel: 60 °C 22 h
Tube: 60 °C 22 h
IR REFLOW PROFILE CONDITIONPARAMETER CONDITIONS TEMPERATURE TIME
Peak temperature 260 °C + 5 °C / - 5 °C (max.: 265 °C) 10 s
Preheat temperature range and timing 150 °C to 200 °C 60 s to 180 s
Timing within 5 °C to peak temperature 10 s to 30 s
Timing maintained above temperature / time 217 °C 60 s to 150 s
Timing from 25 °C to peak temperature 8 minutes (max.)
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RECOMMENDED IRON TIP SOLDERING CONDITION AND WARNING HANDLING1. Solder the device with the following conditions:
1.1.Soldering temperature: 400 °C (max.)
1.2.Soldering time: 3 s (max.)
2. If the temperature of the method portion rises in addition to the residual stress between the leads, the possibility that an open or short circuit occurs due to the deformation or destruction of the resin increases.
3. The following methods: VPS and wave soldering, have not been suggested for the component assembly.
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TAPE PACKAGING INFORMATION (VCNL4040M3OE-H3) in millimeters
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TAPE PACKAGING INFORMATION (VCNL4040M3OE-H5) in millimeters
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Footprint and Schematic Information for VCNL4040
The footprint and schematic symbols for the following parts can be accessed using the link to the SnapEDA website. They are available in Eagle, Altium, KiCad, OrCAD / Allegro, Pulsonix, and PADS.
Note that the 3D models for these parts can be found on the Vishay product page. The links are included here for convenience.
For technical issues and product support, please contact [email protected].
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