Full Report Exp 1

7/24/2019 Full Report Exp 1

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Separation Process II Laboratory

SKKK 3761

Experiment 1: SIEVING

Date of Experiment: 13rdNovember 2014

Date of Submission: 20thNovember 2014

Section: 02

Group 6

Leturer: Dr Nadia !drus

Name atric No!

!miruddin "ohd #a$udin !11%%0036

Sa&r !bdu'ra(eeb !bdu''ah !')"urais* !11%%4006

+an Nuru' Di*ana ,am'i !11%%0141

-uaida' "amat !11%%00.3

"#S$%"&$


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Sievin/ is a separation of a mixture of parti'es that have different in sies b*

usin/ sieves eah ith a uniform sied openin/ #his experiment as arried out to determinethe parti'e distribution b* usin/ sievin/ method #he experiment as onduted usin/ 200/

of samp'e that separate usin/ sieves that have different openin/ sie and put on the e'etri

sha(er !fter ertain period of time the resu't is o''eted #he experimenta' resu'ts then are

ompared ith the theoretia' and it does not deviate from theor* #he parti'e sie

distribution of samp'es used as identified and p'otted a/ainst the umu'ative perenta/e of

parti'e sie or overa'' it an be on'ude that sievin/ method is an important tehni&ue in

the ana'*sis of parti'e sie in the samp'es

2


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$"#LE '( &'N$EN$

!5S#,!# ii

10 7N#,8D9#78N 1

11 8b$etives of the Experiment 2

12 Sopes of Experiment 2

20 L7#E,!#9,E ,E7E+ 3

30 "E#;8D8L8G< .

40 ,ES9L#S !ND D7S9SS78N =

41 ,esu't of the Experiment =

>0 D7S9SS78N 10

>1 rations p3of the samp'es in eah 'ass of parti'e sie 10

>2 "ean mode and median 12

>3 Graph of umu'ative perenta/e of parti'e sie that 'ess than mean parti'e sie Dpi

for eah mesh openin/ of the sieve 13

>4 a'u'ation of parti'e sie distribution 16

60 8NL9S78N 1?

,EE,ENES 1=

!ppendix 1=

3


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1!0 IN$%')*&$I'N

Sieving refers to the separation of a mixture of particles of dierent

sizes using sieves each with a uniform sized opening. Standard sieves of

specied opening sizes are used. Sieves are stacked with the sieve with

the largest opening on the top and the material is separated into fractions

by shaking. he material between two sieves is smaller than the upper

sieve opening but larger than the smaller sieve opening.

!any natural and manufactured materials occurs in a disperse form"

which means that it consist of dierently shaped and sized particles. he

particle size distribution" i.e. the number of particles of dierent size" is

responsible for the determination of important physical and chemical

properties such as#

!echanical bulk behavior Surface reaction

aste

!iscibility

$iltration properties

%onductivity

his list could be continued at great length. he examples clearly

show how important it is to have knowledge of the particle distribution"

particularly within the context of &uality assurance in the production of

bulk goods. 'f the particle distribution changes during the manufacturing

process then the &uality of the nished product will also change. (nly a

continuous monitoring of the particle size distribution can guarantee a

constant product &uality.

)


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2


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1.1 Objectives of the Experiment

he ob*ective of the experiment is to determine the particle

distribution using sieving method. o achieve the ob*ective" a sieving

experiment is conducted by using sieve shaker with designated

dimensions to determine the particle distribution.

1.2 Scopes of Experiment

#he sopes of the experiment is to ondut sievin/ experiment usin/ sieve sha(er

ith desi/nated dimension @ith mesh openin/s that revea' parti'e distribution at ritia'

sieA for the /iven samp'e of partiu'ate so'id 7f the parti'e ran/e of materia' representin/

feed to a sreen or produt from a rusher is ide a 'ar/e samp'e @from >00 to 1000 /ramsA is

used 7f the materia' is fine'* /round a sma''er samp'e of 2> to 100 /rams is used #he

parti'e distribution shou'd be determine from this experiment and repeated at 'east three time

to /et more aurate resu't

3


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2!0 LI$E%"$*%E %EVIE+

7n most so'id s*stem so'id parti'es are made up of various sies and in a ertain sie

ran/e Shapes of the parti'es a'so are varied and not uniform #he sie distribution is often of

ritia' importane to te a* the materia' performs in use ! sieve ana'*sis an be performed

on an* t*pe of non)or/ani or or/ani /ranu'ar materia's in'udin/ sands rushed ro( 'a*s

/ranite fe'dspars oa' and soi' a ide ran/e of manufatured poders /rain and seeds

don to a minimum sie dependin/ on the exat method 5ein/ suh a simp'e tehni&ue of

parti'e siin/ it is probab'* the most ommon #he non)homo/eneous so'id parti'es are

studied b* sievin/ in a ertain sie ran/e based on the sie of the sieve used Genera''* there

are to (inds of basi methods of parti'e sie ana'*sis and it is ommon'* used for sievin/

data prourement are @Gean(op'is2003A :

aA umu'ative urve !na'*sis

#his method produes a brea(don of the parti'es that are 'ar/er or sma''er than aertain sie 7t invo'ves summation ei/ht perent /radua''* to inrease the parti'e

sie Graphs obtained are a ontinuous urve as shon in i/ure 21 be'o:

+


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(i,-re 2!1:#he umu'ative urve

@Gean(op'is2003A

bA B'ot re&uen* throu/h Differentiation !na'*sis

rationa' parti'e urvature is p'otted a/ainst the parti'e sie #his /raph

shos the inrease or redution of parti'e)parti'e frations in the ran/e of a

partiu'ar sie b* the inreasin/ the sievin/ sie 9sua''* this /raph is shon as a

histo/ram form shon in i/ure 22 be'o

,


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(i,-re 2!2:#he differentia' urve @Gean(op'is 2003A

7n the sievin/ method the prinip'e invo'ved is based on parti'es of fine parti'es

throu/h the sreen ire fabri C ie e'etro ith a uniform pore sie oarse parti'es i''

remain on the sieve #hese parti'es an be passed in the dr* or et dependin/ on the nature

of the materia' or the samp'e "ixture of parti'es ith different sies and densities ere

initia''* separated into frations in sievin/ @sievin/ or sreenin/A respetive'* Eah fration

an be ei/hed to obtain the ei/ht #his information an then be used to /ive additiona'

ei/ht fration in eah sie 'ass #o methods desribed above differ on'* in the ontext of

data ana'*e

Speifia''* for this experiment the umu'ative urve approah as used to a'u'ate

the avera/e parti'e sie speifi surfae area or parti'e popu'ations @" abeet a' 200>A

umu'ative method is more aurate hen ompared ith the method of differentia' ana'*sis

#his is due to the umu'ative method does not re&uire the assumption of a ertain fration of

the parti'es in the same sie ith an avera/e 'ass sie

-


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7n the proess of sievin/ sieve series are sha(en in a period of time suffiient to 'ast

fration 'eft as the 'ar/est perenta/e Next the samp'e sie distribution an be determined b*

determinin/ the ei/ht of parti'es trapped on eah sieve #hus the umu'ative perenta/e

an be a'u'ated and umu'ative perenta/e /raphs an be p'otted a/ainst parti'e sie

5ased on the umu'ative /raph the sie of parti'es on the umu'ative perenta/e ?4 >0

and 16 an be determined Next the sie of the standard deviation the mean or avera/e

sie distribution of the samp'e an be obtained from the fo''oin/ re'ationship @" abeet

a' 200>A:

#he sie of the standard deviation Dp@?4A C Dp@>0A

"ean or avera/e 'n Dp 'n Dp@>0A F 0>'n2

#he sie distribution Dp@?4A F Dp@>0A H C 2

+here

Dp Sreen openin/ @mmA


11/26

3!0 E$.')'L'G/

he particle size distribution analysis after collecting" preparing and

size the sample is done. he test sieves with mesh openings that reveal

particle distribution is selected at critical sizes. he analysis is done by

doing the following#

Start/up

). Stack the sieves on top of each other with the coarsest 0largest

opening1 on the top of the stack.2. ut the bottom pan under the nest 0smallest1 opening sieve. his

pan collects ne4 material that passes through the last one.3. 5se a laboratory scale 0accurate to .) gram1 to weigh an empty

container 0such as an extra empty bottom pan1 and establish the

tare weight.

+. 6eigh the sample material.,. 7mpty the sample into the top of the stack. !ake sure you do not

overload the surface as this causes blinding4 or blocking of the

openings.-. ut the stack into the sieve shaker.. lace a cover on the top of the stack. 0'f do not have the cover" you

need to determine the sieving loss18. !ake sure the stack is securely in place.9. Set the proper length of time to agitate the material.):. urn on the shaker and run the test.

;fter run the experiment

)). ;fter the shaker stops" empty the material from the coarsest

sieve into the empty container that you weighed in step 031. 5se a

soft bristle brush to gently brush the underside of the sieve to

remove all of the particles.

8


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)2. ap the side of the frame with the handle of the brush to clean

the remaining material from the sieve.)3. 6eigh the contents in the part to the nearest )ivide the weight obtained from each sieve by the weight of

the original sample. =ecord the percentage for each sieve.)8. %alculate and record the cumulative percentages as re&uired.)9. =epeat all the steps above for 3 times.

Diagram 3.0: Sieve shaker

9


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):


14/26

!0 %ES*L$S "N) )IS&*SSI'N

4.1 Res!t of the Experiment

$abe !1:umu'ative !na'*sis for 3 set of ana'*sis

,un"esh 8penin/s

@mmA

"ean Barti'e

Sie Dpi @mmA

Sievin/

Loss @/A

"ass ration

p3@A

umu'ative frations for

parti'e sie I Dpi@A

1

0>00 ) 2066 13? ?620300 04 ?40 >6 ?06

02>0 02.> .32 4= .>.

012> 01?.> 3116 20? >4=

00.> 01 3=?0 26> 2?4

Ban 00.> 413> 2?4 00

2

0>00 ) 242? 1?2 ?1?

0300 04 ?.= >= .>=

02>0 02.> 04? 03 .>6

012> 01?.> 1=2? 12= 62.

00.> 01 4=03 32. 300Ban 00.> 434> 300 00

3

0>00 ) 3233 216 .?4

0300 04 13?0 =2 6=2

02>0 02.> >21 3? 6>4

012> 01?.> 3041 203 4>1

00.> 01 30?6 206 24>

Ban 00.> 36.2 24> 00

))


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!0 )IS&*SSI'N

".1 #ractions$ p3of the samp!es in each c!ass of partic!e si%e.

:,

):),2:2,3:

28.+ 2-.,2:.8

+.9 ,.-

)3.8

?istogram for ;nalysis =un )

mesh opening 0mm1

mass fraction 0@1

(i,-re !1a: "ass fration p3in eah mesh openin/ for ,un 1

:,

):),2:2,3:3,

?istogram for ;nalysis =un 2

mesh opening 0mm1

mesh fraction 0@1

(i,-re !1b: "ass fration p3in eah mesh openin/ for ,un 2

)2


16/26

:,

):),2:

2,3:

?istogram for ;nalysis =un 3

mesh opening 0mm1

mass fraction 0@1

(i,-re !1c: "ass fration p3in eah mesh openin/ for ,un 3

)3


17/26

".2 &ean$ mo'e an' me'ian

"ode J #he most fre&uent sie ate/or* hih an be obtained from the histo/ram

"edian J >0 above and be'o of the ate/or* invo'ved

#he median for a'' ana'*sis runs an be obtained from i/ure 44 4> and 46

"ean J #he avera/e sie ate/or*

P

16+P

50+P

84

3

"ean for ,un 1:

0.036+0.124+0.360

3

01.3

#he va'ues of mean mode and median for a'' ana'*sis run an be obtained from #ab'e 42

$abe !2:"ode mean and median for a'' ana'*sis runs

"naysis

o4e ean e4ian

,un 1 0 01.3 0124

,un 2 00.> 004. 013

,un 3 0 006. 016

#he histo/ram /raph indiates in perenta/e the amounts of parti'es existin/ in

respetive parti'e sie interva's after the ran/e of tar/et parti'e sies as divided into

separate interva's

)+

&-m-ati5e

Percenta,e


18/26

),


19/26

".3 (raph of cm!ative percentage of partic!e si%e that !ess

than mean partic!e si%e$ Dpifor each mesh opening of the sieve.

: :.) :.2 :.3 :.+ :., :.-

:

):

2:

3:

+:

,:

-:

:

8:

9:

)::

%umulative ;nalysis =un )

mesh opening 0mm1

cumulative 0@1

(i,-re !3a: umu'ative !na'*sis ,un 1

)-


20/26

: :.) :.2 :.3 :.+ :., :.-:

):

2:

3:

+:

,:

-:

:

8:

9:

%umulative ;nalysis =un 2

mesh opening 0mm1

cumulative 0@1

(i,-re !3b:umu'ative !na'*sis ,un 2

: :.) :.2 :.3 :.+ :., :.-:

):

2:

3:

+:

,:

-:

:8:

9:

%umulative ;nalysis =un 3

mesh opening 0mm1

cumulative 0@1

(i,-re !3c:umu'ative !na'*sis ,un 3

)


21/26

rom the /raph obtained above the parti'e sie at the umu'ative perenta/e of 16 >0

and ?4 are shon in #ab'e 43

$abe !3:#he parti'e sie @mmA at different umu'ative perenta/e

"naysis

16 0

,un 1 0034 0124 036

,un 2 0034 013 )

,un 3 004 016 )

)8

&-m-ati5e

Percenta,e


22/26

".4 )a!c!ation of partic!e si%e 'istribtion

#he formu'a invo'ved:

P84

P16

2

or !na'*sis ,un 1

Barti'e sie distribution 0.360.034

2

0163 mm

#he parti'e sie distribution of a'' run an be seen in #ab'e 44 be'o

$abe !a:Barti'e sie distribution for different ana'*sis run

"naysisPartice Si8e )istrib-tion

9mm

,un 1 0163

,un 2 )001.,un 3 )002

rom the #ab'e 43 it an be seen that the parti'e sie of distribution for ,un 2 and 3

ere in ne/ative va'ue #hese va'ues ere not re'evant #hus there must be some error

ourred hi'e ondutin/ the experiment #he errors ere:

i +ei/hin/ s*stem had ero error hih annot ei/h the parti'es aurate'*ii +ind* ondition hih aused the fine parti'es to be b'on durin/ the ei/hin/

proess

iii #he duration for sha(in/ of the parti'es as too short for the ertain parti'es to be

sieved

)9


23/26

5esides there as a'so some 'oss of parti'es durin/ ondutin/ the experiment 7t

as beause the mass of parti'es after sievin/ as 'ess than the ori/ina' mass #he

a'u'ation of the perenta/e 'oss of parti'es for ,un 1 an be seen be'o:

8ri/ina' mass 1>0 /

"ass after sievin/ 2066 F ?40 F .32 F 3116 F 3=?0 F 413>

14?6= /

Berenta/e error (150148.69)

150 100

0?.

#he summar* of perenta/e 'oss for a'' ,un 1 2 and 3 is shon in #ab'e 44 #his

happened due to some reasons hih ere:

i #he ind* ondition at the area of experiment hih aused the fine parti'es to be

easi'* b'on

ii #he over as not p'aed ti/ht'* on the top of the sta( durin/ the runnin/ of the

sha(er

$abe !b:Berenta/e 'oss of parti'es for different ana'*sis

"naysisPercenta,e Loss o; Partices

9

,un 1 0?.

,un 2 313

,un 3 04>

2:


24/26

6!0 &'N&L*SI'N

!'thou/h there some error in determinin/ the parti'e sie distribution the experiment

is ahieved the ob$etive #hrou/hout first run the parti'e sie distribution of the samp'e is

0163mm and have 0?. 'oss of parti'es ;oever throu/h ,un 2 and ,un 3 the parti'e

sie distribution reorded unaeptab'e va'ue as the va'ue parti'e sie @mmA at ?4

umu'ative perenta/e annot be determined #his ma* due to the errors hi'e arried out the

experiment #hus some reommendation suh as arried out the experiment in the 'osed

room so that tin* parti'es not esape hi'e transfer the samp'es into the pan

2)


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%E(E%EN&ES

Gean(op'is hristi - @2003A #ransport Broesses and Separation Broess Brinip'es @4 th

editionA.Brentie ;a'' 7nternationa' Ne -erse*

" abe +L Smith - K ;arriot B @200>A Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering.

7thEdition " Gra);i''

22


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