Full Final

ATTITUDES

Meaning: Attitude is an individual's point of

view or an individual's way of looking at something. “Attitude" may be explained as the mental state of an individual, which prepares him to react or make him behave in a particular pre-determined way.

ATTITUDES ,TEAM BUILDING & CONFLICT MANAGMENT

TEAM 2

COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE

• Affective component: Example: I don't like that company"

• Cognitive component:Example: "They are the worst supply firm I have ever dealt with"

• Intentional componentExample: "I will never do business with them again"'

Functions of Attitude:

• The Adjustment Function: Help people adjust to their work environment, which supports future behavior.

• Ego Defensive Function: Help people retain their dignity and self image

• Value Expressive Function: Basis for expressing values

• Knowledge Function: Attitudes provide standards and frame of reference that allows individuals to adjust to the environment

TYPES OF ATTITUDES

• Job Satisfaction

• Job Involvement

• Organizational Commitment

Attitude formation

Two major influences on attitudes are1. Direct experience

Classical ConditioningOperant ConditioningVicarious Learning

2. Social learning The Family Peer Groups Modeling

Changing Attitudes

• Employees’  attitudes can be changed and sometimes it is in the best interests of managements to try to do so. For example, if employees believe that their employer does not look after their welfare, the management should try to change their attitude and help develop a more positive attitude in them.

Possible ways of Changing Attitudes:

Providing New InformationUse of fear.Resolving discrepancies.Influence of friends and

peers: Co-opting approach

Meaning: Value is a specific mood of conduct or end state of

existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or end state of existence.

Importance of Values

Values are important to the study of organizational behaviour because they lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation and because they influence our perception.

Difference between attitudes and values

Attitudes Values1.Exihibit predisposition to respond.

1.Represent judgmental ideas like what is right.

2.They refer to several beliefs relating to a specific object or situation.

2.They represent single belief focused on object or situation.

3. These are one’s personal experience.

3. These are derived from social or cultural mores.

Values and Ethics

The major distinction between the two is that values are beliefs that affect an individual’s judgemental ideas about what is good or bad.

The ethics is the way the values are acted out. Ethical behaviour is acting in ways consistent with one’s personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society.

What is team?

• A team is a group of individuals working together to solve a problem, meet an objective or tackle an issue

Team Building Team building is a process of establishing

and developing a greater sense of collaboration and trust between members.

Ability to identify and motivate individual employee to form a team that stays together works together and achieve together

“coming together in a beginning, staying together is progress and working together is success”

-- Henry ford

BUILDING AN EFFECTIVE TEAM

Get to know one another

Establish consensus as per the team’s goals.

Consider each employee's ideas as valuable.

Encourage team members to share information.

Delegate problem-solving tasks to the team.

MEANING AND DEFINITION OF GROUP DYNAMICS :-

Group dynamics deal with internal nature of groups, how they are formed, what structure and processes they adopt, how they function and affect individual members ,other groups and the organization.INTERGROUP DYNAMICS:

"Intergroup dynamics are the changes occurring between groups."

WHAT CAUSES POOR GROUP DYNAMICS?

•Weak leadership

•Excessive deference to authority

•Blocking•The aggressor •The negator•The withdrawer•The recognition seeker

•Free riding

•Evaluation apprehension

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING GROUP DYNAMICS

• Know your team.

• Tackle problems quickly with good feedback.

• Define roles and responsibilities

• Break down barriers.

• Focus on communication.

• Pay attention.

WORKING TEAM

A team is a relatively permanent work group whose members must coordinate their activities to achieve one or more common objectives.

When does team works best

A Team succeeds when its members have:

• A commitment to common objectives

• Defined roles and responsibilities

• Effective decision systems

• Communication and work procedures

• Good personal relationships

Why Teams Work

• Teams initiate change. • Teams are natural problem

solving devices.• Teams are collections of the

organization's best assets.

Team vs. Group: What’s the Difference

Work Group Work Team

A group that interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each group member perform within his or her area of responsibility.

A group whose individual efforts result in a performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs.

Comparing Work Groups and Work Teams

Types of Teams

Problem-Solving TeamsSelf-Managed Work TeamsCross-Functional TeamsVirtual Teams

GROUP DECISION MAKING

Group Decision Making

• Group decision making is a situation faced when individuals collectively make a choice from the alternatives before them as collaborative decision making.

• The decisions made by groups are often different from those made by individuals.

Stages In group Development

1.Forming

2.Storming

3.Norming

4.Performing

5.Adjourning

Methods for improving group decisions

• Brainstorming

• Nominal Group Technique (NGT)

• Delphi technique � �

• Electronic meeting

What is Conflict?• Conflict is an inevitable &

unavoidable part of our everyday Professional & Personal lives.

• A disagreement between people that may be the result of different:– Ideas–Perspectives–Priorities–Goals

Conflict management

• Conflict management is the principle that all conflicts cannot necessarily be resolved, but learning how to manage conflicts can decrease the odds of non-productive escalation. 

Types of Conflict:• Conflicts can be of different types as

described below– On the basis of involvement: • Interpersonal (between two persons)– Intergroup– Intragroup

• Organisational– Intraorganizational – Interorganizational

– On the basis of results:• Functional • Dysfunctional conflict

Are Conflicts Bad and Undesirable?

There are three viewpoints.

The traditionalists view.

Human Relations View.

Integrationist view.

• Conflict is a problem when:– It hampers productivity & increases

tension– Lowers morale– Causes more & continued conflicts– Causes inappropriate behavior– Increases absenteeism

• Conflict is constructive when:– Opens up issues of importance resulting in

issue clarification– Helps build cohesiveness as people learn

more about each other– Increases individual involvement.

Styles of conflict management

How to Minimize Inter-Personal Conflicts? 1. Regular Review of Job

Descriptions2. Establish Rapport and build

Relationship with all of Your Subordinates

3. Regular Reports4. Training5. Holding Regular Meetings6. Anonymous Suggestion Box

Tips for managing workplace conflict

• Have a positive attitude.• Building good relationships.• Not letting small problems escalate,

deal with them as they arise.• Focus on solving problems, not

changing people.• If you can’t resolve the problem, turn to

someone who can help.• Adapt your style according to situation

& people involved.• Give feedback.

THANK YOU