Fuels Learning objectives • To learn that fuels burn to release energy • To consider evidence from a practical and make a conclusion Starter • Construct a mind map of all the fuels you know Fuel s Wood
Jan 06, 2018
Fuels
Learning objectives
• To learn that fuels burn to release energy
• To consider evidence from a practical and make a conclusion
Starter
• Construct a mind map of all the fuels you know
Fuels
Wood
The ULTIMATE energy sourceThe sun is the ultimate source of all our energy.
For example, we often get energy from beef:
BEEF comes from COWS,COWS eat GRASS,GRASS gets energy from the sun
FoodFood gives us energy. The amount of energy it contains is measured in joules (J).
Look at the different labels of food. Find out which foods give you more energy.
Name/ type of food
Energy (kJ) or (J)
Fat (g)
Labels on food
Conclusion:
1. Which food(s) give out the most amount of energy.2. Which food(s) give out the least amount of energy.
How much energy?
EquipmentCork standBoiling tubeClamp standDifferent foodsTongsThermometerBunsen burnerHeatproof mat Method • Pour 20 cm3 of water into the boiling tube, clamp the boiling tube and
thermometer as shown in the diagram.• Measure the temperature of the water, and write it in your table.• Hold one snack in the tongs and set fire to it in the Bunsen burner flame, hold
the burning food under the boiling tube of water, until it has finished burning.• Use the thermometer to measure the highest temperature of the water and
write it in your table.
Aim: To measure how much energy is released from different foods
Planning and Predicting• In this experiment you will hold the burning food
under the boiling tube of water. Make a list of all the things that you could measure.
• You are going to compare the energy given out by two pieces of food. How will you make it a fair test? Write down what you will keep the same.
• Identify the variables
• Construct a table to record your results
Name of food
Temperature of water at the start
Temperature of water at the end
Rise in temperature
Considering the evidence
• Do calculations to help you decide which food gave out more heat energy
• Draw a bar chart to show your results.
• Which food gave out more energy?
Evaluating
• How could you make sure you would always get the same results?
• Did you measure your foods? If not, how could you have done this?
• The test might be more fair if you thought about the temperature rise per gram of food. Write down how you would work this out.
Transferring EnergyLearning Objectives
• State the different types of energy• Explain simple energy transfers
Starter
• Pick an object in the picture and identify the type of energy. E.g. stars and moon are light energy
• Find as many as you can!
Write down differenttypes of energy
Use the textbook to help you identify the different types of energy. Complete in your exercise book
Write down differenttypes of energy
HeatKinetic (movement)
Nuclear
Sound
Light
Chemical
Electrical
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Which type of energy?
Energy changesTo describe an energy change for a light bulb we need to do 3 steps:
Electricity Light + heat
1) Write down the starting energy:
3) Write down what energy types are given out:2) Draw an arrow
What are the energy changes for the following…?
1) An electric fire
2) A rock about to drop
3) An arrow about to be fired
burning match portable torch microphone radio television catapult mobile phone
car
chemical to heat and lightchemical to heat and lightsound to electricalelectrical to sound and heatelectrical to sound and light and heatelastic to kinetic and heatchemical to sound and microwaves(EM radiation) and heatchemical to kinetic and sound and heat
In all these transfers the energy is not lost, it is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed or created.
What energy transfer takes place in each device?
Energy flow diagrams
Diagram 1
Diagram 2
Diagram 3
Practical - transferring energyAim: To identify the energy being transferred in different toys and
devices
Method
• You will have nine different devices set up around the room.
• In pairs you will work out the energy transfer at each workstation.
Results: record your results in a table
Object Energy Transfer
Fossil Fuels
Learning Objectives
• Explain what fossil fuels are and where they come from
• Discuss renewable and non-renewable energy sources
Starter: match the fuel with where it comes from (the table is wrong!)
Fuel Where it comes from
Wood Fermented from plant material, which grows
Alcohol Methane produced from things which grow
Manure From wood that is partially burned in a limited air supply
Charcoal From trees, which grow
Biogas From animals that eat things, which grow
Fossil fuels
Coal Oil Gas
Where do fossils come from?
Firstly, tiny sea creatures died and sank to the sea floor.
The creatures were covered by layers of sand and mud to become rock.
Heat and pressure turns the remains of the creatures into oil and gas.
The oil and gas are squeezedout from the bottom.
Finally, we can use them as fuel.
•Put these sentences in order so they describe where fossils come from
Firstly, tiny sea creatures died and sank to the sea floor.
The creatures were covered by layers of sand and mud to become rock.
Heat and pressure turns the remains of the creatures into oil and gas.
The oil and gas are squeezedout from the bottom.
Finally, we can use them as fuel.
1. Copy the table below and use the information in the bar chart to complete it
2. Write down two reasons why there may still be oil that we can use after the year 2050
3. Make a list of ways in which we can reduce the amount of energy resources that we need to use
Fuel Year when it will run
out
Number of years fuel will
last
How much longer?
How can we save energy?
Energy Costs
Renewable energy sourcesWind
Tidal
Hydro-electric
Geothermal
Biomass
Wave
Renewable or non-renewable?
Different Fuels• Each person in your group takes a few cards (all cards
must be dealt out). Take it in turns to read out the information on the card and put them into two piles: renewable or non-renewable
• Look at the renewable pile. Decide how long it would take to get some more once you have burned all the fuel you have. Put the cards in order, with the ones that can be replaced most quickly at the top. Make a list of the fuels in order with the heading replacement time
• Some renewable fuels only have to be collected, others have to be made. Re-order your renewable fuel cards with the easiest to make at the top and the one that needs the most complicated technology at the bottom. Make another list of the fuels in order, with the heading ease of replacement
Label your house to show the different ways to reduce heat being lost from a house.