Fuel Oil Maintenance and Filtration Selection Bob Cade 1.

Fuel Oil Maintenanceand Filtration Selection

Bob Cade

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Agenda• Introduction• About diesel fuel• Cetane• Stabilization and water• Fuel Maintenance• 3 steps to readiness• Filtration, how it works• More about additives• Testing details• Selecting and sizing a maintenance system• Conclusion

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Introduction

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• Critical Fuel Systems, div of BFS Industries, LLC• Building fuel oil equipment since 1946 • Created CFS to meet the unique needs of the

Mission Critical market• Find more at www.criticalfuelsystems.com

Diesel Fuel

• How to size a system?• Diesel fuel or fuel oil?• Hydrophilic-fuel & water• Refining fuel oil• Catalyst or hydrogen cracking• Stability

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Diesel Fuel

• Fuel Quality• Water• Cetane number

• Maximum Water (and particulate) .05%• Cetane Number (CN)= ability to ignite• C16H34 (1-hexadecane)• Minimum allowed-40• Maximum effective-50

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Diesel Fuel

• Water• Delivered• Atmospheric• Produced in tank• New tank installation

• Biological contamination• Fungi, algae, bacteria

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Basic Fuel System

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Total Fuel Management

Day Tanks

Fill Manifolds

Pump SetsFiltration and Maintenance

Tank Selection Valve

Filtration Installation

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Option #1Primary suction

Filtration suction

Filtration return

Filtration Installation

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Option #2

Primary suction

Filtration suction

Filtration return

Fuel Maintenance

• Filtration-remove water and particulate• Treatment-additives to maintain and

improve fuel quality.• Testing-test and adjust until consistently

good results are obtained

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Filtration Basics

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Separator Internals

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Filtration Options

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More About Additives

• Over 140 mfrs registered with EPA• Cetane boosters• Water emulsification agents• Stabilizers• Biocides

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Cetane Boosters

• Typically 2-ethylhexl nitrate (EHN)• About .04% optimal concentration• Not recommended-accelerates instability

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Water Emulsification Agents

• Any water in the fuel is bad• The only solution is to remove the water• Emulsifiers will only spread the water

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Stabilizers• Instability accelerated by:• Moisture• Oxygen• High Temperature-generators fuel bypass• Nitrates in cetane boosters

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• Instability results in:• Increase biological• Stratification• Varnishing

Biocides

• Solvent base• Broad spectrum• Work in water and

fuel

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Testing• NFPA 110.8.3.8 requires annual testing to ASTM

standards

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ASTM D-613 cetane/combustionASTM D-1094 water ASTM D-2274 fuel stabilityASTM D-500 lubrication quality ASTM D-97 cold flow test

Sizing and Selection

• Multiple Tank• How long can each storage tank be offline?• Determine generator capacity & calculate max

fuel flow• 7.1 gph per 100KWH

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Sizing and Selection

• Single Tank• As short of time as practical• 4 hour turn-over is typical• Or full flow type system

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Conclusion• Call it fuel oil or diesel fuel.• Fuel will degrade.• Fuel must be ready to go at all times, a life

may depend on it!• Fuel must be maintained to be ready!

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