Ft. Wayne ASHRAE Seminar Using UltraViolet Light in …Using UltraViolet Light in HVAC Systems – Ft. Wayne ASHRAE Seminar – July 25, 2006 Issue: Hospital Energy Costs Are Rising

Using UltraViolet Light in HVAC Systems – Ft. Wayne ASHRAE Seminar – July 25, 2006

Using UltraViolet LightUsing UltraViolet LightIn HVAC SystemsIn HVAC Systems

Presented by:Martin G. AlbertCentral Region ManagerUltraViolet Devices, Inc.

Tuesday, July 25, 2006

Lower Energy ConsumptionLower Energy Consumption

Reduce Maintenance CostsReduce Maintenance Costs

Improve Air QualityImprove Air Quality

withwith

UltraViolet Germicidal Irradiation UltraViolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI)(UVGI)

Ft. Wayne ASHRAE Seminar


Issue: Hospital Energy Costs Are RisingIssue: Hospital Energy Costs Are RisingAcute care hospitals’ annual energy Acute care hospitals’ annual energy costs* per square footcosts* per square foot (estimated)(estimated)* Energy costs include electrical, natural gas, steam, oil, coge* Energy costs include electrical, natural gas, steam, oil, cogeneration, solar, etc., but not waterneration, solar, etc., but not water

Percentage of change in annual Percentage of change in annual energy costs from last yearenergy costs from last year

Source: Health Facilities Management / ASHE 2006 Hospital Energy Survey

91% have higher energy costs over the previous year,91% have higher energy costs over the previous year,& more than half cited increases in the& more than half cited increases in the

doubledouble--digit percentages. digit percentages.

70% are paying70% are paying$3.00 per ft$3.00 per ft22

or more for energy.or more for energy.


Issue: Maintenance Costs Are RisingIssue: Maintenance Costs Are Rising

Labor Rates Continue to RiseLabor Rates Continue to Rise

Maintenance Staffs Continue to be CutMaintenance Staffs Continue to be Cut

Cost of Materials EscalateCost of Materials Escalate


Issue: IAQ Concerns Are IncreasingIssue: IAQ Concerns Are Increasing

More Awareness of IAQMore Awareness of IAQby Public & Mediaby Public & Media

Responding to IAQ ComplaintsResponding to IAQ ComplaintsIs Costly and Time ConsumingIs Costly and Time Consuming

Risk of Litigation Due to IAQ IssuesRisk of Litigation Due to IAQ Issues


A Solution…A Solution…

Installing Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) systemson new and existing HVAC equipment…

Will create significant savingsWill create significant savingsin total operating expenses in total operating expenses and create a cleaner saferand create a cleaner saferindoor environmentindoor environment

…for any Health Care facility by maintaining and/or restoringthe original design specifications of the HVAC system.


What isWhat isUVGI?UVGI? StrategiesStrategies

& Uses& Uses

Who needs it…Who needs it…What’s next…What’s next…


UltraViolet Germicidal Irradiation is…UltraViolet Germicidal Irradiation is…

nn A Proven ApplicationA Proven Application

nn StateState--ofof--thethe--ArtArt

nn Low CostLow Cost& Easy To Use& Easy To Use

nn Becoming A Standard Becoming A Standard for HVAC Systemsfor HVAC Systems


Case Study #1Case Study #1Tulsa, OK Tulsa, OK (1996 (1996 –– 2006) Office Building2006) Office Building

Four story 350,000 sq. ft.Four story 350,000 sq. ft.Application Information: Application Information:

• Coil Size: 58” high x 108” wide

• Fixture Location: 38” from coil

• Coverage: 2 rows of fixtures @ 4 fixtures / row

• Average UV-COn coil surface: 200 µW/cm²

• Lowest UV-C On coil surface: 50 µW/cm²


Case Study #1Case Study #1Tulsa, OK Tulsa, OK (1996 (1996 –– 2006) Office Building2006) Office Building

Four story 350,000 sq. ft.Four story 350,000 sq. ft.

Application Application ResultsResults

•• Reduced IAQ ComplaintsReduced IAQ Complaints

•• Reduced MaintenanceReduced Maintenance

•• Saved Significant EnergySaved Significant EnergyShut Down of Shut Down of Add’lAdd’l ChillerChiller(300 tons of cooling reduction)(300 tons of cooling reduction)


The Power of UVThe Power of UV

UV “Kills”UV “Kills”

100% Effective on…100% Effective on…Any Surface Any Surface (Coils, Filters & Processing)(Coils, Filters & Processing)

AllAll Living ThingsLiving Things& Destroys& Destroys

AllAll Organic MaterialOrganic Material

ViralViral

BacterialBacterial

MoldsMoldsAlso… Air & WaterAlso… Air & Water


Contamination, InfectionContamination, Infection

&&EpidemicEpidemic

Why Is This Important?Why Is This Important?Cleaner Air…Cleaner Air…

Healthier & Safer Indoor EnvironmentHealthier & Safer Indoor Environment

Results…Results…-- Less Sick DaysLess Sick Days-- Less ComplaintsLess Complaints-- Higher ProductivityHigher Productivity

Significantly reduces risks of…Significantly reduces risks of…


Why Is This Important?Why Is This Important?

Clean Surfaces…Clean Surfaces…Cooling Coils & Drain PansCooling Coils & Drain Pans

nn Control Organic GrowthControl Organic GrowthAt The SourceAt The Source

nn Extend Equipment LifeExtend Equipment Life

nn Lower Operating CostsLower Operating Costs


Cleaner AirCleaner Air

+ Clean Surfaces+ Clean Surfaces

Saves Saves $$$$$$$$$$Time, Hassle & Risk Time, Hassle & Risk

Why Is This Important?Why Is This Important?


What Is Ultraviolet Light?What Is Ultraviolet Light?

UVUV--AA (315nm (315nm -- 400nm)400nm)Black lights and tanning lamps,Black lights and tanning lamps,

harmful to eyesharmful to eyes

UVUV--BB (280nm (280nm -- 315nm)315nm)

Causes sunburn and skin cancerCauses sunburn and skin cancer

UVUV--CC (200nm (200nm -- 280nm)280nm)

Germicidal Germicidal -- Damages DNA in cellsDamages DNA in cells

254nm

UV is invisibleUV is invisible

The Light SpectrumThe Light Spectrum


What Is Ultraviolet Light?What Is Ultraviolet Light?

The Sun Makes All 3 Types of UVThe Sun Makes All 3 Types of UV

The Earth’s Ozone Layer Filters UVThe Earth’s Ozone Layer Filters UV--CCProtects Protects you, me and all living thingsyou, me and all living things


Any organic based cell exposed to UVAny organic based cell exposed to UV--C C Absorbs it at the molecular level...Absorbs it at the molecular level...

The organism is now destroyed & ineffective.The organism is now destroyed & ineffective.It is unable to reproduce & unable to infect.It is unable to reproduce & unable to infect.

It dies without effecting anything around it.It dies without effecting anything around it.

How It Works…How It Works…

When UVWhen UV--C enters a cellC enters a cell……


How Is UVHow Is UV--C Made?C Made?Today…Today…

UVUV--C is artificially made using specialized lampsC is artificially made using specialized lampsproducing UVproducing UV--C at 254nmC at 254nm


Useful Life of UVUseful Life of UV--C LampsC Lamps

High Mercury ContentMay Need To Be HandledAs Hazardous Waste

Hard Glass (High Output Only)

100%

80%

50%

8,760 Hours

UVUV--C LampsC Lamps

Intensity

Time

Low Mercury Content (3 – 8 mg)Less than most Fluorescent Lights

Soft Glass (Low, Normal & High Output)


How Much UVHow Much UV--CCDo I Need?Do I Need?


Killing Common “Bugs”Killing Common “Bugs”µwµw--sec/cm²sec/cm²

MoldsMoldsAspergillusAspergillus flavusflavus 99,00099,000AspergillusAspergillus nigerniger 330,000330,000

BacteriaBacteriaBacillus Bacillus anthracisanthracis 8,7008,700Bacillus Bacillus anthracisanthracis sporesspores 146,200146,200Escherichia coliEscherichia coli 6,6006,600LegionellaLegionella pneumophilapneumophila 12,30012,300Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis 10,00010,000Salmonella Salmonella typhityphi -- Typhoid Fever 7,000Typhoid Fever 7,000StaphylococusStaphylococus aureusaureus 6,6006,600VibrioVibrio comma comma -- CholeraeCholerae 6,5006,500

VirusVirusInfectious HepatitisInfectious Hepatitis 8,0008,000Influenza AInfluenza A 6,6006,600


Example:Example:

Calculating DosageCalculating DosageDOSAGEDOSAGE

Tech Note: A Dosage of 330,000 µw/cm2 is required to kill Mold

Determines EffectivenessDetermines Effectiveness

= = Intensity x TimeIntensity x Time

}}(Time)(Time)

(Intensity)(Intensity)

4,320,000 µw-sec/cm2((DosageDosage))

50 µw/cm2/sec.x 60 sec. x 60 min. x 24 Hours


Example:Example:

Calculating DosageCalculating Dosage

Another ExampleAnother Example

Tech Note: A Dosage of 330,000 µw/cm2 is required to kill Mold

}}(Time)(Time)

(Intensity)(Intensity)

864,000 µw-sec/cm2((DosageDosage))

10 µw/cm2/sec.x 60 sec. x 60 min. x 24 Hours


Where Does UV Work?Where Does UV Work?

Strategies to Use…Strategies to Use…

UVGIUVGIDOES NOT REPLACE DOES NOT REPLACE

FILTRATIONFILTRATION


Using UVGI Using UVGI -- Strategies…Strategies…

Used inUsed inIsolation Rooms, BioIsolation Rooms, Bio--Terror, etc.Terror, etc.

Very SpecializedVery Specialized

Goal: 99.9% Effective Kill on 1 PassGoal: 99.9% Effective Kill on 1 PassRequires High Output LampsRequires High Output Lamps

Budget Level: High Initial Cost & High Operating CostBudget Level: High Initial Cost & High Operating Cost

Moving Air StreamsMoving Air Streams

““Kill on the Fly”Kill on the Fly”


Locations of Organic Growth

Using UVGI Using UVGI –– Strategies…Strategies…

Why?Why?

RememberRememberDosageDosage……

The The more timemore timeyou have theyou have themore dosagemore dosageyou deliveryou deliver

Dosage Is TheDosage Is TheMost Important FactorMost Important Factor

Source Control Source Control -- “Capture & Kill”“Capture & Kill”

Budget Level: Low Initial Cost & Low Operating CostBudget Level: Low Initial Cost & Low Operating CostUses Normal & Low Output LampsUses Normal & Low Output Lamps

MostMostPopularPopular


Microbes will be partially intercepted and reproduce on the cooling coil and drain pan.UV-C will destroy them.

Where To Install UVWhere To Install UV--CCTypical InstallationsTypical Installations

Kill onthe Fly

Source Control

Filter Cooling Coil

Outside Air

May include spores & environmental

bacteria

Return AirMay include viruses, bacteria & internally generated spores

Supply Air


Case Study #2Case Study #2Florida Hospital Florida Hospital ––Goal Enhance Maintenance & Lower Operating CostsGoal Enhance Maintenance & Lower Operating Costs

BeforeBefore…… AfterAfter……UVGI is InstalledUVGI is Installed

Additional Benefit:Traditional coil cleaning is now obsolete.

Cleaner coils means lower operating costs too!

Mold, BioMold, Bio--Mass Mass & &

Other Microbial Growth Other Microbial Growth EliminatedEliminated

bybyControlling the SourceControlling the Source


UseUseOverkillOverkill

Sizing An HVAC SystemSizing An HVAC System

GuessGuess

MathematicalMathematical(Scientific)(Scientific)

ModelingModeling

??The Only The Only AnswerAnswer

is…is…


Getting Exactly What You NeedGetting Exactly What You NeedMathematical ModelingMathematical Modeling

Benefits of using scientific modeling…Benefits of using scientific modeling…Get EXACTLY what’s needed Get EXACTLY what’s needed

Generate Plan & Elevation DrawingsGenerate Plan & Elevation Drawings

Develop Coverage / Dosage GraphsDevelop Coverage / Dosage Graphs

Calculate Expected ROICalculate Expected ROI

Saves Time, Effort & MoneySaves Time, Effort & Money

Assures you get exactlyAssures you get exactlywhat you needwhat you need

to do the job rightto do the job right


Who Needs & Uses UV?Who Needs & Uses UV?

Educational InstitutionsEducational InstitutionsUniversities & CollegesPublic SchoolsPrivate Schools

Hospitals / Health CareHospitals / Health CareLocal HospitalsRegional Medical CentersNursing FacilitiesDoctor’s OfficesSurgery CentersPsychiatric FacilitiesOutpatient Medical Facilities

Gov’tGov’t Facilities,Facilities, Office Buildings, Office Buildings, & Facility & Facility MgmMgm’’tt CompaniesCompanies

Common Needs:Common Needs:Lower Operating CostsLower Operating Costs

& Better IAQ& Better IAQ


Case Study #3Case Study #3

Neonatal Intensive Care UnitNeonatal Intensive Care UnitTaskTask: : Compare the serial bacterial and fungal cultureson HVAC system with tracheal aspirate (TA) from intubated infants

FindingsFindings: : Microbes isolated from HVAC system wereidentical to those in NICU and TA

nPseudomonas, Klebsiella,nBacillus and Serratia

Action: Action: Installed UVGI lamps on AHU serving area

Results: Results: After UVGI was installed

Total microbial loadmarkedly decreased

Source: Dr. C. Leach, Dr. R. Ryan – SUNY Buffalo

ChildrenChildren’’s Hospital s Hospital -- SUNY BuffaloSUNY Buffalo

Patients did notPatients did notget sick as often.get sick as often.


““This device significantly reducedThis device significantly reducedmicrobial contamination in ourmicrobial contamination in ourneonatal intensive care unit, andneonatal intensive care unit, andspared our tiny patients fromspared our tiny patients fromexposure to main infection causingexposure to main infection causingorganisms.organisms.””(Dr. Rita Ryan, M.D.)(Dr. Rita Ryan, M.D.)

Case Study #3 (continued)Case Study #3 (continued)

Source: Dr. C. Leach, Dr. R. Ryan

UVGI Reduces Microbial ContaminationUVGI Reduces Microbial Contamination


427.8

608.2

232

16

175.1152.4

326

0 0.70

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

-18 -6 -3 -1 3 10 21 28 36 46 65 84 101 141 162 221 253 297Days of UVGI

HV

AC

- C

FU

0

1

2

3

4

5

TA

Mic

roba

l Loa

d

HVAC Tracheal Aspirate Poly. (Tracheal Aspirate )

Case Study #3 (continued)Case Study #3 (continued)

Source: Dr. C. Leach, Dr. R. Ryan

UVGI On

UVGI Reduces Microbial ContaminationUVGI Reduces Microbial Contamination


Determining UVGI EffectivenessDetermining UVGI Effectiveness“Kill on the Fly”“Kill on the Fly”

Scientifically Model for the “Bug” Scientifically Model for the “Bug”

Do testing with a similar nonDo testing with a similar non--harmfulharmfulmicrobe on actual systemmicrobe on actual systemnn Requires special tools and third party resourcesRequires special tools and third party resources


Determining UVGI EffectivenessDetermining UVGI EffectivenessSource Control Source Control –– “Capture & Kill”“Capture & Kill”

Calculate Expected ROI Calculate Expected ROI

Take Before & After (~30 Take Before & After (~30 -- 45 Days)…45 Days)…nn Surface Samples using Petri DishesSurface Samples using Petri Dishes

No growth means no mold, bacteria, or virus on surfaceNo growth means no mold, bacteria, or virus on surface

nn System Performance TestingSystem Performance TestingPressure drop expressly across the cooling coilPressure drop expressly across the cooling coilCoil CFM and note whether *VAV or constant volume.Coil CFM and note whether *VAV or constant volume.Coil entering and leaving wet and dry bulb Coil entering and leaving wet and dry bulb temperatures.temperatures.Chilled water (coolant) temperature and volume.Chilled water (coolant) temperature and volume.Coolant temperature differentials (at the coil).Coolant temperature differentials (at the coil).Fan RPM.Fan RPM.Fan motor amp draw.Fan motor amp draw.


Application Information: Application Information:

• DX & CW CoilsCoil Size: 57” high x 86” wide, 8 rows deep

• 17,529 CFM

• Coverage: 2 rows of fixtures @ 3 fixtures / row

• Average UV-COn coil surface:198 µW/cm²

• Lowest UV-C On coil surface: 94 µW/cm²

Case Study #4Case Study #4St. Michael’s HospitalSt. Michael’s Hospital –– Texarkana, TX (2004)Texarkana, TX (2004)


Application Application Results Results (Continued)(Continued)



•• Reduced MaintenanceReduced Maintenance

•• Saving Significant Energy Saving Significant Energy









Less ThanLess Than1 Year Payback1 Year Payback


Summary

Initial Payback On Project: 7.8 Months

Annual Energy Savings: $3,634 / Yr.

Total Annual Savings: $3,924 / Yr.

1st - 5 Year Savings: $17,070

10 Year Savings: $36,690





UltraViolet Germicidal IrradiationUltraViolet Germicidal IrradiationUVGI AdvantagesUVGI Advantages

10. Fully tested and validated10. Fully tested and validatedVerified by University PhD’s, 3rd party researchers & EPAVerified by University PhD’s, 3rd party researchers & EPA

9. Independently Certified by Leading Organizations9. Independently Certified by Leading OrganizationsUnderwriters Laboratories (UL/C Listed) & CEUnderwriters Laboratories (UL/C Listed) & CEAcademic ResearchersAcademic Researchers

8. Produces no ozone, gases, or other noxious fumes8. Produces no ozone, gases, or other noxious fumesWill not harm building occupants, equipment or furnishingsWill not harm building occupants, equipment or furnishings

7. Works in New & Existing HVAC Systems7. Works in New & Existing HVAC SystemsResults starting from day oneResults starting from day one

Top 10 Reasons to use UVGI


UVGI AdvantagesUVGI Advantages6. Low, Normal and High Output UV6. Low, Normal and High Output UV--CC

Adaptable and easy to use for many applications or needsAdaptable and easy to use for many applications or needsCan meet maintenance, IAQ & safety needsCan meet maintenance, IAQ & safety needs

5. Low initial cost for installation5. Low initial cost for installationVery Affordable ($.15 Very Affordable ($.15 -- $.25 /$.25 /cfmcfm))

4. Cost effective and affordable to operate4. Cost effective and affordable to operateLow energy usageLow energy usage

3. Easy Installation3. Easy InstallationOEM or Field InstallationOEM or Field Installation

2. Minimizing Risks2. Minimizing RisksSource Control Source Control ––Controls propagation of harmful biological contaminatesControls propagation of harmful biological contaminatesat the sourceat the source

(Cont.)(Cont.)


ALTRUALTRU--V AdvantagesV Advantages

And…And…The #1 Reason for The #1 Reason for Using UVGI is…Using UVGI is…

(Cont.)(Cont.)

Everyone will love me Everyone will love me because they feel better because they feel better and…and…We’re saving a lot of We’re saving a lot of money!money!


What’s Next?What’s Next?Decide What Strategy You Will UseDecide What Strategy You Will UseSource Control or “Kill on the Fly”Source Control or “Kill on the Fly”depending on the usedepending on the useCreate A Case Study #:__________ (Your Facility)Create A Case Study #:__________ (Your Facility)

Install UVGI on your dirtiest coilInstall UVGI on your dirtiest coil(Take pictures, surface sample or pressure drops)(Take pictures, surface sample or pressure drops)

Review the results in 30 Review the results in 30 –– 45 Days45 Days

Enjoy…Enjoy…Low MaintenanceLow MaintenanceSignificant Savings Significant Savings

& & A Cleaner Indoor EnvironmentA Cleaner Indoor Environment


“If a large number of (facilities) were modified…

A number of airborne respiratory A number of airborne respiratory diseases could be eradicated diseases could be eradicated

…by interrupting the transmission cycle. Reducing the transmission rate sufficiently would... Halt epidemics in their path.”

Dr. Dr. WladyslawWladyslaw Jan Kowalski, Architectural EngineerJan Kowalski, Architectural EngineerPennsylvania State University’s Indoor Environment CenterPennsylvania State University’s Indoor Environment Center

Closing ThoughtsClosing Thoughts


“Installation of UVGI in most (facilities)…

Could resolve workCould resolve work--related symptoms in related symptoms in about 4 million employeesabout 4 million employees,,

…caused by (germ) contamination of heating, ventilation, and air…caused by (germ) contamination of heating, ventilation, and airconditioning systems.” conditioning systems.”

Dr. Dick Dr. Dick MenziesMenzies, Montreal Chest Institute, Montreal Chest Instituteat McGill University in Montreal, Canada. at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.



GSA RequirementGSA Requirement“UVC Emitters/Lamps“UVC Emitters/Lamps:: Ultraviolet light (C band) emitters/lamps

Shall be incorporated downstream of all Shall be incorporated downstream of all cooling coils and above all drain panscooling coils and above all drain pans…to control airborne and surface microbial growth and transfer. Applied fixtures must be specifically manufactured for this purpose. Safety interlocks/features shall be provided to limit hazard to operating staff.”

HVAC Systems and Components,HVAC Systems and Components, Section Five, SubSection Five, Sub--Section 5.9, Page 143, Section 5.9, Page 143, Revised March 2003 Revised March 2003 –– PBSPBS--P100P100



“I specify UVC in every HVAC system I design…

Because I know it worksBecause I know it worksand eliminates my risk of litigationand eliminates my risk of litigation,,

…in mold and other biological contamination cases involving …in mold and other biological contamination cases involving the HVAC system.” the HVAC system.”

Consulting / Design EngineerConsulting / Design EngineerIowa, USAIowa, USA



Questions?Questions?


Thank YouThank You

Using Ultra Violet Light in HVAC SystemsUsing Ultra Violet Light in HVAC Systems

Saving Money & Reducing RiskSaving Money & Reducing Risk

Ft. Wayne ASHRAE Seminar Using UltraViolet Light in …Using UltraViolet Light in HVAC Systems – Ft. Wayne ASHRAE Seminar – July 25, 2006 Issue: Hospital Energy Costs Are Rising

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