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Mature ovaries or pistils of flowering plants plus any

associated accessory parts.

Accessory parts

organs attached to a fruit but not

derived directly from the ovary or ovaries, including

the bracts, axes, receptacle, hypanthium, or

perianth.

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Protects the developing seeds and the embryos they

in turn contain

Provide a means for dispersing seeds

Parthenocarpydevelopment of fruits without

passing through the processes of pollination and

fertilization

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The pericarp may be fleshy or dry and usually consists

of three distinct layers:

1. Exocarp

outermost layer; may consist of one ormore layers of cells

2. Mesocarpmiddle layer; cell thickness varies from

a few layers thin to several layers thick3. Endocarp- innermost layer; may also consist of one

to several layers of cells

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1. Simplederived from a single pistil of one flower

2. Aggregatederived from multiple pistils of a single

flower

3. Multiplederived from many coalescent flowers

Unit fruitthe component derived from an individual

pistilInfructescencedenotes a mature inflorescence in fruit

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Criteria for classification:

1. Whether fleshyor dryat maturity

2. Whether indehiscentor dehiscent

3. If dehiscent, the type of dehiscence

4. Carpel and locule number, including presence of septa

5. Seed/ovule number6. Placentation

7. Structure of the pericarp wall

8. Ovary position

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One-seeded, dry, indehiscent fruit with seedattached to the pericarp at one point only

Pericarp free from seed coat

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Seed coat adnate to pericarp wall The fruit type of all Poaceae (grasses)

Embryo : germ:: Pericarp + seed coat : bran

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One-seeded fruit with a hard pericarp

Usually derived from a one-loculed ovary

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Tryma

a nutsurrounded byan involucrethat dehisces at

maturity

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Winged achene

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Small, bladder-like or inflated, and thin-walled

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Most dry, dehiscent fruits open by means of a valve,

pore, or mericarp

Some are explosively dehiscent

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Dry dehiscent fruit (with exceptions)

Composed of several fused carpels

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One carpel that splits along one seam/suture

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Derived from one carpel that splits along two

longitudinal sutures

Characteristic of Fabaceae

Note: Some legumes are indehiscent and do not split open

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Peanut, an indehiscent legume

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A secondarily-modified legume that splits

transversely into 1-seeded segments

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Two carpels separated by a seed-bearing

septum, the replum

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Two carpels separated by a seed-bearing

septum, the replum

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General, unspecialized term for a fruit with asucculent pericarp

Note: In most fleshy fruits, the carpels are fused together and are not as

distinct as in dehiscent dry fruits (except hesperidium).

Example: Vitis(grape)

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A fruit with a hard, stony endocarp and a fleshymesocarp

Seed enclosed within a stony endocarp (pit)

Example: Prunus(peach, plum, cherry, etc.)

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1. Exocarp

2. Mesocarp

3. Endocarp

4. Endosperm

5. Embryo

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A septate fleshy fruit with a thick-skinned leatheryouter pericarp wall and fleshy modified trichomes

(juice sacs) arising from the inner walls

Example: Citrus(orange, lemon, grapefruit, etc.)

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A nonseptate fleshy fruit with parietal placentationand a leathery exocarp derived from an inferior

ovary.

The fruit type of Cucurbitaceae

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A fleshy fruit with an endocarp derived from an

inferior ovary, with the bulk of the fleshy tissue

derived from the outer, adnate hypanthial tissue

Examples: Malus(apple) and Pyrus(pear)

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Derived from two or more pistils (ovaries) of one

flower

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An aggregate fruit of achenes

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An aggregate fruit, typically of berries, in which the

units fuse together

Example:Annona(soursop, sugar apple)

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Derived from two or more flowers that fuse together

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A multiple fruit in which the unit fruits are fleshyberries and are laterally fused along a central axis

Example:Ananas(pineapple)

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