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Frudensia Kristiana

405110031

Group 10

Problem 3“Emergency Medicine Bloc!


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"ortical Blindness


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#e$nitionBlindness due to loss or in%ury to t&e 'isual

corte() t&at section o* t&e cerebral corte(responsible *or 'ision+

Bilateral lession o* t&e occipital lobes,dectruction o* area 1- o* bot&&emisp&eres.) t&ere is a loss o* sig&t t&atcan be conceptuali/ed as bilateral&emianopia+


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"ause

"ause acuired and transient cortical blindness)includingBilateral lesions o* t&e primary 'isual corte(2ide eect o* some antiepilepsy drugs ,E#s."reut/*eldt67aob disease) in association 8it& a rapid

onset o* dementia9cclusion o* t&e posterior cerebral arteries ,most

o*ten embolic. or occlusion o* t&e distal basilar artery

:n*ection;ead trauma to t&e occipital lobe o* t&e brain"ongenital abnormalities o* t&e occipital lobeEclampsia and) rarely preeclampsia

;yperammonemia


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&ttp


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"ause >&e most common causes o* congenital

cortical blindness are >raumatic brain in%ury ,>B:. to t&e occipital

lobe o* t&e brain

"ongenital abnormalities o* t&e occipital lobePerinatal isc&emia

Encep&alitis

Meningitis


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2ymptoms >&e most common symptoms o* acuired and

transient cortical blindness include complete loss o* 'isual sensation and o* 'isionPreser'ation


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?eco'ery >&e mode o* reco'ery *rom cortical

blindness &as been studied care*ully byGloning and colleagues) 8&o describe aregular progression *rom cortical blindness

t&roug& 'isual agnosia and partiallyimpaired perceptual *unction to reco'ery+

E'en 8it& reco'ery) t&e patient maycomplain o* 'isual *atigue ,ast&enopia. anddiDculties in $(ation and *usion+


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"omplication >&e in*arct may also in'ol'e t&e

mediotemporal regions or t&alami) 8&ic&s&are t&e posterior cerebral artery supply)8it& a resulting Korsao amnesic de*ect

and a 'ariety o* ot&er neurologic de$citsre*erable to t&e &ig& midbrain anddiencep&alon ,dro8siness) aineticmutism.+


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PrognosisPrognosis 8as best in Patients under t&e age o* 40 years >&ose 8it&out a &istory o* &ypertension or

diabetes mellitus

>&ose 8it&out associated cogniti'e)language) or memory impairments+

>&e prognosis in cortical blindness is poor8&en caused by stroe and bioccipital

abnormalities s&o8n on "> scan+


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?iddoc& 2yndrome?iddoc& syndrome ,also no8n as t&e ?iddoc&

p&enomenon. is an ocular aectation o*ten causedby lesions in t&e occipital lobe+

C&ic& limit t&e ability to distinguis& ob%ects) only

mo'ing ob%ects in a blind $eld are 'isible) staticones being in'isible to t&e patient+

>&e mo'ing ob%ects are not percei'ed to &a'e coloror detail+

>&e sub%ect may only &a'e a8areness o* t&e

mo'ement 8it&out 'isual perception o* it,gnosanopsia.) or t&e general s&ape o* a mo'ing

ob%ect may be percei'able as a s&ado8 lie outline+


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"reut/*eldt67aob disease"reut/*eldt67aob disease or "7# is a

degenerati'e neurological disorder t&at isincurable and in'ariably *atal+


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nton6Babinsi syndromenton6Babinsi syndrome) also no8n as

'isual anosognosia) is a rare symptom o*brain damage occurring in t&e occipitallobe+

>&e patients are cortically blind) butaDrm t&at t&ey are capable o* seeing+


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