Frontier War Essay Who fought? What strategies were used? Describe the Red River War (in detail) –What battles occurred –Where –Who –How long did it last.

Frontier War Essay• Who fought?• What strategies were used?• Describe the Red River War (in detail)

– What battles occurred– Where– Who– How long did it last– How did it end

• Discuss the Rio Grande Campaign• Who were the Buffalo Soldiers and what did they do?• When did the war end?• What effect did the Frontier Wars have on the

Indians?

The Cattle Kingdom

By Mr. Todd

Longhorns• Brought by Spaniards in

1500’s• Horns may be 6 ft. wide• Run fast• 1700’s and 1800’s:

– Herds grew– American and

Mexican settlers began ranches in South Texas

– Longhorns used to start herds

Early Texas Ranchers

• King Ranch is best known

• Begun by Richard King

• Became larger than the state of Rhode Island

• Near Corpus Christi

Rise of Cattle Business

• BEFORE CIVIL WAR– Millions of longhorns in

Texas– Sold for only $4 each– Ranchers raised cattle for

leather and for tallow, or fat, which was used in candles and soap

• AFTER CIVIL WAR– Northern cities wanted

beef– Price of longhorns

rose from $4 to $40– Northern cities made

cattle ranchers more money

– Cattle drives began– One trail used was

Chisolm Trail to Abilene, Kansas

Famous Women Ranchers

• Margarita Villareal• Florencia Bonavide• Paula Rodriguez, • Lizzie Johnson Williams• Margaret Heferman Borland

• Could own land, but could not vote!!

Cowhands/Cowboys

• Drove the cattle north• 1/4 were Mexican or African

American• Began with spring roundup - cattle

branded• Long drive began - took about three

months• Moved cattle 15 miles a day• Leader was trail boss• Had to be ready for stampedes

End of the Cattle Kingdom

• The end began when farmers began sharing the plain and fencing their land.

• Ranchers began fencing their land, too.• Fences:

– Before 1870 - rocks or wood– 1873 - Joseph Glidden of Illinois - sold barbed wire - a twisted

wire with sharp points– Led to fighting– Made long drives harder

• Drives ended when railroads were built into Texas

QUIZ

PowerPoint Quiz

Write the answers on a clean sheet of paper.

PowerPoint Quiz

In what century were cattle introduced to Texas?

Name one famous Texas Ranch. (hint: larger than Rhode Island)

What is the name for a Spanish cowboy?

PowerPoint Quiz

Why were the cattle herded to the north?

Who invented barbed wire?

What do you call the leader of the cattle drive?

PowerPoint Quiz

Before barbed wire, how did ranchers corral the cattle?

Name one woman cattle rancher?

Could women own land?

What happened to end cattle drives?