Frontend Web Development with AngularRouter looks in its configuration for an unloaded module that it can preload Preloading depends on preloading strategy Preloading strategies None

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Frontend Web Development with Angular


Agenda● Questions● Some infos● Lecturing

○ Router○ NgModules

● Todos


Questions?


● Code comments from us were made for improving your code. If you ignore them you might lose points in the next sprint.

Some Infos


Routing & Navigation[https://angular.io/guide/router]


Today's Topics● Routes Configuration● Router Link● Router Outlet● ActivatedRoute● Relative Navigation● Router Events● Route Guards● Component-less Route


Today's Topics● Routing Modules● Multiple Router Outlets● Optional Route Parameter● Query Parameters and Fragments● Asynchronous Routing● Preloading


Sample Application● https://gitlab.fwda.cnc.io/fwda/router

https://gitlab.fwda.cnc.io/fwda/router


Routes Configuration

Wildcard Route

Redirecting Route

Route with Parameter

Route Data

Child Routes

● first-match wins strategy● Route data:

○ page titles, breadcrumb text, and other read-only, static data


Routes Configuration

Routes ConfigPrint navigation lifecycle to console

RouterModule.forRoot method is a pattern used to register application-wide providers


Router Link & Router Outlet

<a routerLink="/user/bob">link to user component</a>

<a [routerLink]="[‘/user’, ‘bob’]">link to user component</a>

● Router Outlet acts as a placeholder


ActivatedRouteimport { ActivatedRoute } from '@angular/router';...constructor(private activatedRoute: ActivatedRoute) { }

Important: convert param to number with ‘+’

Unsubscribe from this observable?

The Router destroys a routed component when it is no longer needed and the injected ActivatedRoute dies with it.


ActivatedRoute● Observable paramMap and component reuse

○ The router re-uses a component instance when it re-navigates to the same component type without visiting a different component first

○ The route parameters could change each time○ Eg:

■ A parent component navigation bar had "forward" and "back" buttons that scrolled through the list of persons. Each click navigated to the detail component of a person with the next or previous id.

○ Alternative:■ Use a snapshot■ let id = this.activatedRoute.snapshot.paramMap.get('id');

https://angular.io/guide/router#parammap-api

https://angular.io/guide/router#parammap-api


Relative NavigationCurrent route: localhost:5555/user/1/details

<a [routerLink]=" ...">link to user component</a>

[‘../’] localhost:5555/user/1

[‘../../’] localhost:5555/user

[‘../admin’] localhost:5555/user/1/admin

[‘./admin’] localhost:5555/user/1/details/admin

[‘/admin’] localhost:5555/admin

directory-like syntax:


Relative Navigationimport { Router, ActivatedRoute } from '@angular/router'; ...constructor(private router: Router, private activatedRoute: ActivatedRoute){

}

...


Router Eventshttps://angular.io/guide/router#router-events

https://angular.io/guide/router#router-events


Route Guards● The user is not authorized to navigate to the target component

● The user must login first

● Fetch some data before you display the target component

● Save pending changes before leaving a component

● Ask the user if it's OK to discard pending changes rather than save them

CanActivate, CanActivateChild

Resolve

CanDeactivate


Route Guards● Multiple guards at every level of a routing hierarchy● The router checks the CanDeactivate and CanActivateChild guards first, from

the deepest child route to the top● Then it checks the CanActivate guards from the top down to the deepest child

route● Return value of a guard controls the routing behavior

○ True■ Navigation process continues

○ False ■ Navigation process stops and the user stays put■ Pending guards that have not completed will be canceled, and the entire navigation is

canceled


Route Guards


Route Guards


Route Guards

CanDeactivate

CanActivate


Route GuardsCanActivateChild

Resolve


Route Guards● The guard can also cancel the navigation and tell router to navigate elsewhere● Requires an Observable to complete, meaning it has emitted all of its values

Note: The observable provided to the Router must also complete. If the observable does not complete, the navigation will not continue.http://rxmarbles.com/#first

http://rxmarbles.com/#first


Route Guards● Guards and the service providers they require must be provided at the

module-level○ Router can retrieve these services from the injector during the navigation process○ Same rule applies for feature modules loaded asynchronously

@Injectable()export class PermissionGuard implements CanActivate {

constructor(private personService: PersonService) { } …}

@NgModule({ declarations: [...], imports: [...], providers: [ PersonService, ... ], bootstrap: [...]})export class AppModule {}


Component-less Route● Grouping routes● Makes it easier to guard child routes


Routing Modules● Separates routing concerns from other application concerns● Provides a module to replace or remove when testing the application● Provides a well-known location for routing service providers including guards

and resolvers● Does not declare components!


Routing Modules

Order!

By re-exporting the RouterModule here the components declared in AppModule will have access to router directives such as RouterLink and RouterOutlet.


Routing Modules really necessary?

Advice from the Angular Team:

Choose one pattern or the other and follow that pattern consistently.


Multiple Router Outlets● The router only supports one primary unnamed outlet per template● A template can also have any number of named outlets● Each named outlet has its own set of routes with their own components● Multiple outlets can be displaying different content, determined by different

routes, all at the same time● Named outlets are the targets of secondary routes● Eg: Pop-Up


Multiple Router Outlets & Secondary RoutesSecondary routes look like primary routes and you can configure them the same way.

● They are independent of each other● They work in combination with other routes

Route: http://localhost:4200/persons(popup:popup)


Route Parameter

Required URL Parameter (as placeholder in the route)

Optional URL Parameters (matrix URL notation)

Query Parameters Fragment


Optional Route Parameter● Optional route parameters are not separated by "?" or "&" as they would be in

the URL query string● Separated by semicolons ";" ● Matrix URL notation

○ Eg. localhost:4200/persons;id=15;foo=bar


Query Parameters and Fragments

More information about query parameter handling and preserving of query parameter and fragments: https://angular.io/api/router/NavigationExtras

● Fragments refer to certain elements on the page identified with an id attribute

http://localhost:4200/permission-denied?errorCode=1234#permission

https://angular.io/api/router/NavigationExtras


Sample Application● https://gitlab.fwda.cnc.io/fwda/ng-modules

https://gitlab.fwda.cnc.io/fwda/ng-modules


Lazy Loading with the Router● At the moment:

○ AdminModule is loaded when the application starts○ → Eager loading

■ Means that all modules are loaded when the app launches

● What we want:○ AdminModule loads only when the user clicks on a link○ → Lazy loading


Lazy Loading with the Router● Load feature modules lazily, on request● Multiple benefits

○ Load feature areas only when requested by the user○ Speed up load time for users that only visit certain areas of the app


Lazy Loading with the Router● Provided services in a lazy-loaded module are only visible to that module

○ Module-scoped

● Router lazy-loads a module → it creates a new execution context● Context has its own injector

○ Child injector○ Direct child of the root injector

● Providers of a lazy module and the providers of its imported modules are added to the child injector


Lazy Loading with the Router

Root Injector AppModule

Child InjectorPersonModule Child Injector AdminModule

Router lazy-loads a module


Lazy Loading with the Router● Guard lazy loaded modules with a CanLoad guard● CanLoad guard is checked before the module is loaded


Lazy Loading with the Router● CanLoad guard use case:

○ You are already protecting the AdminModule with a CanActivate guard that prevents unauthorized users from accessing the admin feature area. It will redirect the user to the login page if the user is not authorized.

○ But the router is still loading the AdminModule even if the user can't visit any of its components.

○ Ideally, you'd only load the AdminModule if the user is logged in.○ → Use CanLoad guard


Routing vs Routed Modules● Routed Modules

○ Domain feature modules whose top components are the targets of routes○ Lazy-loaded modules○ Don’t export anything because their components never appear in the template of another

component○ Should not be imported by any module

■ Would trigger an eager load

● Routing Modules○ Provides routing configuration for another module ○ Separates routing concerns from its companion module

https://angular.io/guide/module-types

https://angular.io/guide/module-types


Preloading● After each successful navigation

○ Router looks in its configuration for an unloaded module that it can preload

○ Preloading depends on preloading strategy

● Preloading strategies○ None (Default)○ Preload all Modules○ Custom Preloading Strategy

Custom Preloading Strategy:https://angular.io/guide/router#custom-preloading-strategy https://vsavkin.com/angular-router-preloading-modules-ba3c75e424cb

https://angular.io/guide/router#custom-preloading-strategy

https://vsavkin.com/angular-router-preloading-modules-ba3c75e424cb


Preloading● PreloadAllModules strategy does not load feature areas protected by a

CanLoad guard● Want to preload a module and guard against unauthorized access, drop the

CanLoad guard and use the CanActivate guard alone


Thank you for your attention!

Questions?

Todos● Refactor code based on suggestions and code comments● Finish 3nd Sprint

Frontend Web Development with AngularRouter looks in its configuration for an unloaded module that it can preload Preloading depends on preloading strategy Preloading strategies None

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