Front page. Iraq Knowledge Network Survey 2011 Iraq Knowledge Network Survey 2011 is part of a project implemented jointly by Central Statistics Organization.

Front page

Iraq Knowledge Network Survey 2011

Iraq Knowledge Network Survey 2011 is part of a project implemented jointly by Central Statistics Organization (CSO), the Kurdistan Region Statistical Office (KRSO) and the United Nations to establish a socio-economic monitoring system in Iraq. Adopted by the Ministry of Planning to support evidence-based planning in implementing development plans at the national, sub-national and local government level.

- The survey was managed as follows:

Steering Committee: Chaired by Head of Iraq’s CSO and the Deputy Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General and Resident & Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq, with the the membership of heads of UN organizations, Information and Analysis Unit (IAU) and KRSO.Technical Committee: Consists of representatives from CSO, KRSO, the UN and IAU.

Iraq Knowledge Network Survey 2011

Objectives:1. Establish a database to monitor socio-economic conditions through a socio-

economic monitoring system (SEMS).2. Provide comprehensive and periodical data on a number of indicators by

including the millennium development goals (MDGs). 3. Fill the gaps in a number of important issues by providing indicators on the

district level through a systematic collection of data.

Sample:Twenty-nine thousand households distributed across the country that included urban and rural areas on both governorate and district levels.

Response:The percentage of response is 96,6%. The highest response was in governorates of Qadissiya, Diyala and Salah al-Din and the least was in governorates of Dahuk and Erbil.

Iraq Knowledge Network Survey 2011

The questionnaire: Fixed core and two rotating modules:

Labour force and essential services Food and expenditures Governance

Staff:More than 500 people from CSO from the center, governorates and KRG participated in the implementation of the survey. They were trained through 2 training courses. Each training course lasted for 6 days. Eleven training centers were established throughout Iraq to train trainers in governorates. The training lasted for 7 days.

Field visits:The implementation of the survey started on the 2nd of Jan, 2011 and lasted for 48 working days. Field visits plan was divided into 4 phases, each phase lasted for 12 days. During each phase 3 visits were made to each household in order to collect the questionnaire’s data.

Core Module

Indicators

Supplementary Module• Governance

• Corruption• Bribery• Justice• Media

• Food Security • Public Distribution

System• Food Consumption• Expenditures

(recall/diary)

Household Demographics

• Migration• Disabilities• Labor Force• Personal Security• Social Capital and

Remittances• Essential Services

• Water• Sanitation• Electricity• Health• Shelter/Housing• Justice

• Perceptions on quality of service• Priorities for service improvements

Findings: Labour

Labour

Labour Force Participation

• 44% of Iraqis (7.9 million persons) are in the labour force (using relaxed definition). 72% of males are in the labour force and just 13% of females.

• The government provides 40% of jobs, the remainder is in the private sector. It provides 45% of all employment in urban areas and 28% of employment in rural areas.

• Of all working females, 60% are working in the government sector. • Overall, one out of six persons in the labour force is a woman.

10

20

30

40

50

Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry

and Fishing

Mining, Quarrying and Manufacturing

Building and Construction

Housing, Food and Services

(Accommodation)

Transport, Storage, Communication $

Information

Public Administration,

Defense and Social Security

Services

Men Women

Labour

Unemployment

• Unemployment rate is 11% nationally (7% of males and 13% of females). 653,000 people are unemployed, of which 496,000 are male and 157,000 are female

• Youth (15-24 years) unemployment is high at 18% (27% of females and 17% of males). • Youth unemployment is higher in urban areas compared with rural areas

• Unemployment is higher among youth with a higher education

Labour

Unemployment

• Thi-Qar, Anbar, Diyala and Missan have the highest unemployment rates.

• Kirkuk, Erbil and Ninewa have the lowest unemployment rates

• Rural areas hardest hit by Unemployment

•Female unemployment is highest in Diyala, Kerbala, Thi-Qar and Sulaymaniyah governorates.

Rate of Unemployment

Findings: Essential Services

Access to water

Essential Services

Access to Electricity

• On average HHs receive 14.6 hours of electricity per day through a combination of the public network or private generators.

• 79% of HHs rate electricity service as “bad” or “very bad”.

• 35% of HHs believe that electricity should be the top priority for improvement – a higher proportion than any other service.

• Almost all HHs are connected to a public network. However, the public network provides HHs with an average of just 7.6 hours per day. No improvement since 2007

• 90% of HHs supplement the public network with private generators.

• Rural HHs receive an average of 11.4 hours in total per day compared with 15.8 hours in urban areas.

•Rural and poor HHs have least access to electricity. 31% of rural HHs rely entirely on the public network for their electricity compared to 5% in urban areas.

Essential Services

Access to Electricity

• The public network supply is worst in Ninewa, where 82% receive less than 5 hours of electricity daily.

• Using a combination of public network and private generators, HHs in Basrah receive (19 hours), urban Muthanna (18 hours) and KRG (16 hours) receive most hours of electricity.

• HHs in Ninewa, Salah al-Din, Kirkuk, Babil, Wassit and Missan receive the lowest total electricity supply.

Number of hours received from public network and/or generators and reliance on the public

network

Access to electricity

Essential Services

Access to Drinking Water

• 65% of HHs use public network as main source of drinking water, but declining sharply in southern governorates due to salinity.

• Just 47% of rural HHs use the public network as their major water source compared to 72% in urban areas.

• 38% of HH rate availability of drinking eater as “good” or “very good”. The highest approval ratings are in KR reaching up to 89% in urban areas of Erbil governorate. The lowest are found in most rural areas of the south and centre, dropping to as low as 1% in rural Missan.

Access to electricity

Essential Services

Access to Drinking Water

• Public network usage is low in Basrah (1%), Missan (6%) and some districts of Muthanna and Thi-Qar.

• HHs without access to the public network in the mountainous north and eastern areas tend to use closed wells.

• Others in the south draw drinking water from lakes and streams. Over one fifth of the populations in Thi-Qar (36%), Babil (31%), Baghdad (31%), Wassit (26%), Kirkuk (22%) and Diyala (21%) do this.

65% of HHs use public network as main drinking water source

Essential Services

Sanitation

• 30% of HHs has access to the public sanitation network. 4% of rural HHs have access to the public sanitation network.

• 53% of well off and 9% of poorer households have access to public sanitation network.

• HHs without access to the public network use either a septic tank (40%) or covered drain (25%) to dispose of waste. 6% use an unsafe method such as an open drain, rising to 13% among HHs in non-durable structures.

• 59% rate their HH’s facility as “bad” or “very bad”, rising to 85% in rural areas.

Essential Services

Sanitation

• 66% of public network users are in urban areas of Sulaymaniyah and Baghdad governorates.

% of households that use public sanitation network

• The average HH is just over 20 minutes away from the health facility. Among rural HHs it is 32 minutes. The longest journey is experience in rural Baghdad and Wassit (almost 50 minutes).

• 79% of HHs go to government clinics, public hospitals or PHCs when ill. 21% of

HHs go to either a private hospital or clinic.

• Lack of equipment, doctors and female staff in governmental health services were quoted as key obstacle to access quality healthcare. It is important to note that this is a perception and does not reflect actual availability.

• Use of Public Healthcare Centres varies but is higher in rural areas. Kerbala (25%), rural Qadissiya (43%) and Kirkuk (31%) have the highest rates of usage.

• 2 out of 3 Iraqis have a negative opinion of health services

Essential Services

Health

Essential Services

Housing and Municipal Services

• 9% HHs are made of non-durable materials, mostly in rural areas Missan (57%), Wassit (48%), Mosul (38%) and Kirkuk (37%).

• 12% HHs suffer from overcrowding (3 persons or more per room), rising to 17% in rural areas. In rural Missan, 49% suffer from overcrowding.

Percentage of rural households made from non-durable structures

Essential Services

Solid Waste Collection• 52% HHs receive solid waste collection services either directly to the HH or from a nearby container. In the KR, 96% HHs have their rubbish collected compared to 54% in urban areas of the south and centre.

• 48% of Iraqi HHs have no solid waste collection, rising to over 90% in rural areas. 85% rural HHs burn or bury their rubbish or dump it in open areas. This is worst in rural Ninewa, Muthanna, Qadissiya, ThiQar, Babil and Wassit.

• 60% of HHs have a negative opinion of solid waste disposal, rising to 88% in rural areas.

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Urban

Rural

Iraq

Percentage of households that burn or bury their solid waste or throw it into open areas

Findings III: Consumption Expenditure, Food Security and the

Public Distribution System

• Average expenditures valued at market prices reached 180,673 Iraqi Dinars per person per month in the first quarter of 2011 – compared to 2007 where it was 145,820 Dinars

-Highest expenditures are in Mergasur district in Erbil governorate (467,323 Iraqi Dinars), Sulaymaniya governorate centre (426,415 IDs) and Soran district in Erbil governorate (380,868 IDs)

- lowest expenditures are in Al Ba’aj district in Ninewa governorate (70,131 IDs) followed by Sinjar district in the same governorate (72,337 IDs) and Al Khidhir district in Muthanna governorate (77,490 IDs)

Iaq

Sulaimaniya

Erbil

Baghdad

DuhokNajaf

Kerbela

Kirkuk

Salah al- Deen

BabylonAnbar

Qadisiya

Diyala

Maysa

nW

asit

BasrahM

osul

Muth

anna

Thi-Qar

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

180.

7

318.

7

271.

2

217.

1

193.

1

182.

6

179.

3

177.

1

175.

7

161.

1

154.

2

152.

1

146.

4

145.

4

139.

6

132.

3

123.

8

111.

2

96.8

1000

Iraq

i Din

ars

Food and ExpenditureConsumption Expenditure

Food and Expenditure

Percent of individuals within the lowest expenditure quintile

Expenditures on 4 main groups represents 80% of consumption expendituresIn Iraq, these are:1. Food stuffs and non-alcoholic beverages (34.5%)2. Dwellings, water, gas, electricity & other fuels (29.1%)3. Transport (8.8%)4. Clothing and footwear (7.5%)

34.5%

0.6%7.5%29.1%

5.8%

4.0%

8.8%

2.9%

1.8% 0.6% 1.0% 3.5%Food stuffs and non-alcoholic beverages

Alcoholic beverages tobacco & narcotics

Clothing and footwear

Dwellings, water, gas, electricity & other fuels

Furnishings household equipment & maintenance for house commodities

Health

Transport

Communication

Recreation and culture

Education

Restaurants and hotels

Misellaneous commodities and services

Food and ExpenditureConsumption Expenditure Patterns

• In 2011, the ratio of expenditures on food is 34.5 percent of total expenditures compared to 2007 when the ratio was 35.6 percent – this represents a slight improvement in living conditions

- The lowest ratio was observed in Erbil governorate centre (20.3%) followed by Al-Shikhan district in Ninewa governorate (23.4%)

- The highest ratio was observed in Al Tarmia district in Baghdad governorate (50.1%) and Al Shamiya district in Qadissiya governorate (54.7%)

Iraq

DuhokErb

ilNajaf

Kerbela

Sulaimaniya

BaghdadMosu

l

Babylon

QadisiyaKirk

uk

Salah al- Deen

MaysanDiyala

BasrahAnbar

Wasit

Muthanna

Thi-Qar

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

35%

28% 30

%30

% 32%

33%

33%

34%

35% 37

%37

%37

%39

%39

%40

%40

%40

%41

% 44%

Food and ExpenditureConsumption Expenditure Patterns

• The survey includes information on the percent of households receiving their food ration through the Public Distribution System (PDS) between June 2010 and January 2011.

• 80% of the households indicated receiving at least one PDS item between July 2010 and January 2011

1 item

2 items

3 items

4 items

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

80%

64%

25%

>5%

% of households receiving PDS items by size of basket

Rece

ived

at l

east

Food and Expenditure

The Public Distribution System

• The most widely available food items in the PDS are wheat flour and rice where 71% of households indicated receiving wheat flout and 64% indicated receiving rice

Wheat Rice Veg. Oil or fat Sugar Infant formula

71%64%

+30%

5% 5%

Household receipt of PDS ration by type

Food and Expenditure

The Public Distribution System

• Iraqi households benefit from diverse diet as they consume food representing over six different food groups on a daily basis from a total of eight possible food groups.

• The data indicates that 98% of households consume cereal products (such as rice or wheat flour) at least 6 days per week

• This percent falls to 25% when considering consumption of fruits and pulses

Frequency (number of days) of consumption of different food types

At least 1 day

At least 2 days

At least 3 days

At least 4 days

At least 5 days

At least 6 days

CEREAL 100% 100% 100% 99% 99% 98%

MEAT 99% 96% 85% 67% 53% 40%

DAIRY 94% 89% 76% 58% 48% 40%

OILS 95% 93% 91% 89% 87% 84%

FRUITS 93% 81% 61% 43% 33% 25%

VEGETABLES

99% 98% 92% 80% 69% 59%

PULSES 99% 95% 79% 52% 38% 25%

SUGAR 98% 97% 95% 92% 90% 88%

Food and Expenditure

Dietary Diversity

• The average dietary diversity score in 2007 is 6.4 food groups per day in 2011. This is a 2.6% increase from 2007 and indicates an improvement in food security conditions overall.

• The largest improvements are observed in Qadisiya governorate (16.5% increase) followed by Duhok (9.7%) and Sulaimaniya (8.3%). Deterioration was observed in Salah Al Deen, Maysan, Basrah and Thi Qar governorates compared to 2007.

-10.0%

-5.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

2.6%

16.5

%

9.7%

8.3%

7.0%

6.3%

4.3%

4.2%

3.7%

3.5%

2.1%

1.8%

1.1%

1.0%

0.2%

-0.5

%

-2.7

%

-5.5

%

-6.9

%

Food and Expenditure

Dietary Diversity

•Twenty two percent of households indicated that they had used coping strategies to smooth their food consumption in 2011 compared to 29 percent of households in 2007

•Significant variation in the use of coping strategies exists between governorates as over 30% of households in Salah al Deen, Anbar and Sulaimainiya governorates used coping strategies.

Iraq

DuhokMosu

l

Sulaimaniya

Kirkuk

Erbil

DiyalaAnbar

Baghdad

Babylon

Kerbela

Wasit

Salah al- Deen

Najaf

Qadisiya

Muthanna

Thi-Qar

Maysan

Basrah

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Food and ExpenditureFood Consumption Coping Strategies

Findings IV: Governance

Governance

Confidence in institutions

• Family, religious community, tribe, village and ethnic group enjoy higher levels of confidence. Formal institutions that enjoy the highest level of trust are the army, judiciary and police. • International organisations and the multinational security forces enjoy much lower levels of trust

2.4 3.2

5.6 5.8 6.0 6.5 6.6 7.0 7.1 8.0

Governance

Social and Political Activity

• 19% of the population have engaged in a form of social or political activity such as signing a petition, participating in a demonstration or rally etc in last 12 months.

5%

7%

3%

5%

4%

5%

6%

Contact a politician to express a point of view

Contact a civil servant to express an opinion

Give money to a social or a political activity

Attend a political discussion or rally

Use radio/TV to express opinions on politics

Attend a demonstration

Signed a petition

Governance

Prevalence of bribery

• 12% all Iraqis who had contacts with civil servants gave a bribe. Citizens most likely to give bribes to officers from the police, land registry, tax authority, customs and car registration. Doctors and teachers are the public officials for which citizens report low levels of bribe requests.

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Polic

e

Mem

bers

of

mun

icip

al g

ovt

Iraqi

sec

urity

fo

rces

Pros

ecut

ors

PDS

office

rs

Land

regi

stry

offi

cers

Tax/

reve

nue

office

rs

Cust

oms

office

rs

Car r

egist

ratio

n/

driv

ing

office

rsPu

blic

util

ities

offi

cers

Mun

icip

al/

gove

rnor

ate

office

rsN

urse

s

Wel

fare

age

ncy

office

rs

Judg

es

Teac

hers

Doc

tors

Prev

alen

ce o

f brib

ery

Governance

Bribery

• On average, bribe-payers had to give almost 4 bribes in a year.

• In 41% of cases, a bribe is explicitly requested, in 23% the citizen is made to understand implicitly and in 14% through a 3rd person.

• Bribes are made to speed up a procedure (46%) or receive a better service (27%). • Less than 5% of bribery cases are reported

• Iraqis perceptions indicate that political parties and civil servants from local authorities are believed to be heavily affected by corruption, while the media and judiciary, less so.

Perceptions of Prevalence of Corruption

• 54% believe that corruption has increased in the past two years.

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Political Parties

Civil Servants of Ministries

Civil Servants of Local Government

Parliament

State- Owned Enterprises

Government

Business/Private Sector

Judiciary

Media

• In Baghdad the prevalence of bribery reaches 29% in KR it is 4% and in the rest of Iraq it is 10%.

• Bribery is more frequent in urban than rural contexts (13% vs 10%).

Governance

Bribery

Proportion of population with direct or indirect experience of bribery, by

governorate (Iraq, 2011)

Dissemination of Information

• Central Statistical Organization website

http://cosit.gov.iq/index.php

• Also available on the Iraq Information Portalhttp://www.iauiraq.org/gp-ar/

• Special site on the Inter agency Information and Analysis Unit website

http://www.iauiraq.org/ikn/

Iraq Knowledge Network

Dissemination

• MOP is developing a Socio-Economic Monitoring System to monitor developments systematically

• IKN data analysis will help the government of Iraq and its development partners to prioritize and better address gaps

• IKN will inform future monitoring activities, such as the forthcoming National Human Development Report for Iraq

• Governorate Level Reports and a KRG Report will be produced

• Analytical Reports on Governance, Food and Expenditure, Essential Services and Labour are prepared by UN / GOI Thematic Cells

Next steps

Thank you