From Trade To Territory

module1 east india company 2 expansion of company rule3 new administration

POINTSAurangzeb was the last powerful Mughal

ruler. ( died in 1707 )Bahadur Shah Zafar was forced to leave

the kingdom in 1857. In 1600 East India Company acquired a

charter from the ruler of England.Mercantile companies in those days

primarily to make more profit.

MUGHAL EMPEROR AURANGZEB

BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR

ENGLAND RULER-QUEEN ELIZABETH 1

POINTSThe sea route to India was discovered by

Vasco Da Gama in 1498.Afterwards French came to trade in India.Fine quality silk and cotton was produced

in India. In 17th to 18th century the traders sank

each other's ship.Effort to fortify settlements and carry

profitable trade led to conflict amongst local rulers

Vasco Da Gama

THE SEA ROUTE

BATTLE OF PLASSEY: BATTLE OF PLASSEY Robert Clive British soldier and statesman Robert Clive was responsible for breaking French control in parts of India and establishing British influence after his victory at the battle of Plessey in 1757. He became the first governor of Bengal in 1765.

BATTLE OF PLASSEY

On 23rd June, 1757 both the armies of Bengal's Anwar Sirajudaulah & British East India Company stood face to face with each other in Plessey. Anwar's forces were lead by his trusted lieutenant Mir Madam whereas the British Forces were led by Robert Clive. Clive's British troops consisted of 800 European, 2000 Indian and 200 Artillery men. Whereas Anwar was leading a 50,000 strong army with 53 canons. On the other hand Clive had only six pounder and two howitzer class canons. Looking at the figures it seemed that Anwar was in a far more stronger position than Clive but Anwar also had Mir Jafar, who betrayed at a time when the battle was poised for a interesting turn. Overnight rainfall had made the Nawab's artillery unfit for use. So Mir Madan thinking that Clive's artillery would too be in the same state attacked the British garrison but Clive's foresight had saved the British artillery form the incessant rainfall. So Mir Madan had to face the music, he himself was injured. He was replaced with Mir Jafar, who later betrayed and joined forces with Clive. By five-o-clock in the evening Clive had captured Sirajudaulah who was later deported. Mir Jafar was made the Nawab of Bengal but with limited power. In fact Battle of Plassey proved to be the very foundation stone for the mighty British Empire in India

BATTLE OF BUXAR: BATTLE OF BUXAR The armies of Mir Kasim and his allies Emperor Shah Alam II and Shuja-ud-daula, Nawab of Avadh, out-matched the British in number. To Mir Kasim's force of 40,000 Robert Clive's army commanded by Major Hector Munro had about 18,000 men. Early on, East India Company forces had to retreat across the river. But they were allowed to get away; the forces retreat across the river. But they were allowed to get away; the forces regrouped and through a naval force attacked through the river route. Mir Jafar also had trained Afghan cavalry and modern cannon manned by European mercenaries and led a charge on the Company's forces. However, the Company relied on its strength of sequenced shooting-its musketeers put up volley of gunfire. This coordinated gun shooting became very much a trademark of the British way of war over the next few decades. The sheer power of gunfire ensured that attacking cavalry scattered. The establishment of British paramountcy along with the diwani(revenue administration) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa was the major significance of The battle of Buxar .

SUBSIDIARY ALLIANCE: SUBSIDIARY ALLIANCE According to the terms of this alliance , Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They were to be protected by the company, but had to pay for the “Subsidiary forces” that the company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. If Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part o0f their territory was taken away as penalty.

Tipu Sultan 1782-1789: * Tipu Sultan 1782-1789 Steps taken by Tipu Sultan to strength kingdom * He stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper and cardamom through the port.* He disallowed local merchants from trading with the company. * He established factory to produce modern war tools and weapons. * He also established a close relationship with the French in India, and modernized his army with their help.

Challenge of paramount Policy: 1.Challenge of paramount Policy Rani Channamma and Rayanna of Kitoor in Karnataka. 2.War with Afghanistan. 1838 – 1842. and established indirect company rule. 3. 1843 – Sind was taken over.4. Anglo Sikh War - In 1849, Punjab was annexed.

The Doctrine of Lapse. Lord Dalhousie 1848-1856.: The Doctrine of Lapse. Lord Dalhousie 1848-1856. The Doctrine declared that if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would lapse, that is, become part of company territory. Under this policy following kingdoms annexed. 1848 – Satara. 1850 - Sambalpur. 1852 - Udaipur. 1853 – Nagpur. 1854 - Jhansi. 1856 - Awadh.

POINTSThe 1st factory of East India Company

was set up on the banks of river Hughli in 1651.

By 1696 it began building forts around the settlements.

Kolkata was first Kalikata ,then Calcutta and afterwards became Kolkata.

Farman is a royal edict, royal order. At that time Murshid Quli Khan was the

Nawab of Bengal

LOCAL BOATS CARRYING GOODS FROM MADRAS

MURSHID QULI KHAN

POINTSAfter Aurangzeb's death the Bengal

Nawabs asserted their power and autonomy

Murshid Quli Khan was followed by Alivardi Khan and then by Sirajuddaulah as the Nawab of Bengal.

The conflicts led to confrontations and finally culminated in the famous battle of Plassey.

ALIVARDI KHAN

SIRAJUDDAULAH KHAN

POINTSAlivardi khan died in 1756 , Sirajddaulah

became the Nawab of Bengal.Sirajddaulah marched 30,000 soldiers to

the English factory at Kassimbazar ,captured the company officials, locked the warehouse, disarmed all Englishmen and blockaded English ships.

Finally in 1757 Robert Clive led the company's army against Sirajddaulah at Plassey.

ROBERT CLIVE

POINTSRobert Clive promised Mir Jafar that if he

wins the battle against Sirajddaulah he will make him the Nawab of Bengal.

Sirajddaulah was assassinated and Mir Jafar was made the Nawab.

Mir Jafar was deposed because he was protesting for dignity and sovereignty and hence was replaced by Mir Qasim.

Mir Qasim lost the war at Buxar in 1764 and Mir Jafar was reinstalled.

MIR JAFAR

MIR QASIM

POINTS In 17th-18th century Nawabs had to pay

5,00,000 rupees.Mir Jafar died in 1765. And Clive declared

-"We must indeed become Nawabs ourselves"

Clive collected 401,102 pounds of Indian fortune.

Robert Clive committed suicide in 1774."Nabobs is an English word for Nawab.

TIPU SULTAN

TIPU'S TOY TIGER

POINTSRichard Wellesley had to pay a little part of

his territory as a penalty.Haider Ali was the ruler of Mysore from

1761 to 1782.Tipu Sultan stopped the export of

sandalwood, pepper and cardamom.Haider and Tipu together were ambitious ,

arrogant and dangerous.

RICHARD WELLESLEY

HAIDER ALI

CORNWALLIAS RECEIVING THE SONS OF TIPU SULTAN AS HOSTAGES.

CORNWALLIS

POINTSFrom the late 18th century British also

wanted to destroy Maratha power.Mahadji Sindhia and Nana Phandis were

two famous Maratha soldiers who fought the battle in Panipat.

Finally in 1817-19 Britishers crushed the Marathas.

A new policy "Paramountcy" was initiated by Lord Hastings.

MAHADJI SINDHIA

NANA PHANDIS

LORD HASTINGS

POINTS In late 13th century East India Company

began worrying about Russia.Maharaja Ranjit Singh died in 1839.Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General

from 1848 to 1856. In 1856 the company took over Awadh.Warren Hastings was one of the many

Important figures who played a significant role in company power expansion.

MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH

LORD DALHOUSIE

WARREN HASTINGS

POINTSFrom 1772 a new system of justice was

established.Qazi is a word for court judge. In 1775 eleven pandits were asked to

compile a digest of Hindu laws.Sawars are trained soldiers on horseback.The cavalry requirements of the

company's army declined.

THE TRIAL OF WARREN HASTINGS

POINTS In the early 19th century the British began

to develop a uniform military culture.British empire was fighting in Burma,

Afghanistan and Egypt where soldiers were armed with muskets and matchlocks.

The Revolt of 1857 gives us a glimpse in to the world of sepoys.

QUESTIONS

Q1.In which year did Aurangzeb die?Q2.Who discovered the sea route in India to

and when?Q3. Kolkata was first Kalikata then_______and afterwards Kolkata.Q4.Alivardi Khan died in which year?Q5.In 1856 the company took over

________.

1 What attracted European trading companies to India2 Explain the system of subsidiary alliance3 How did the assumption of diwani benefit the east india

company4 Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of

the company's army