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From heterogeneous wireless networks to sustainable efficient ICT
infrastructures:
How antenna and propagation simulation tools can help?
Yves Lostanlen
SIRADEL
April 9th 2013, Gothenburg, Sweden
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SIRADEL’s Research activities
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• 1994
• 60+ people
• France, Toronto, Hong-Kong
• 8 FP6-FP7 EU projects
• 35+ collaborative projects
• 100+ research partners
• 4 main investigation areas
EUCAP 2013 - SIRADEL Copyright 2013. All rights reserved.
Densify & Offload Cellular
networks
Efficient Wireless Systems
Active Antennas
MIMO
EM Wave Exposure
Aim: Developing expertise, methodologies and tools Data: GIS, RF, traffic Software: Volcano, VolcanoLab and Smart City Explorer Consulting: Management & Technology (guidelines)
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Outline
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Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities!
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Data traffic: exponential growth
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Wireless device: Exponential growth
Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Millions Billions Trillions 5
Email
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Cloud Physical Systems
Environment
Energy
Health
Care
Internet
Internet of Things
IoT
Internet of Everything
IoE Chris Evans
CFO
People to People People to machines Machines to Machines
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So wireless handsets are everywhere.
Data demand is growing.
Other constraints?
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Well… Yes. 1. Revenue growth constrained Reduce TCO
Traffic growth
data
voice revenue
Time
cost
2. Reduce and
3. EMF exposure concerns
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How shall we cope with this traffic demand, and those constraints?
What concepts and tools do we need?
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Data growth absorption
TCO •Spectrum: Golden frequencies (800MHz)
TCO •More Macro-BS
TCO • Small cells outdoor: Metro cells or DAS
TCO •Small cells indoor: Femto cells
Rad
io P
rop
agation
&
An
tenn
a too
ls
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Capacity ≈ n ∙ W ∙ log2(1+SINR)
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Spectrum is expensive.
Why do wireless carriers compete so fiercely on golden frequencies?
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Golden frequencies vs. 2.6GHz
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800MHz
Macro base station (34m above ground)
500m 2.6GHz
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Outline
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Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities
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Macros are great for outdoor coverage or for large regions with uniform low demand
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Traffic demand
High Medium Low
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But demand is not uniform
Non uniform traffic demand
Traffic demand
High Medium Low
Solutions?
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Illumination where it is required
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Composition 2-tier coverage
Incr
easi
ng
cove
rage
an
d/o
r ca
pac
ity Rx power
(dBm)
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Matching demand and best server
Non uniform traffic demand
Traffic demand
High Medium Low
Best server
Small-cell Macro
Densification of the network
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Data growth absorption
Rad
io P
rop
agation
&
An
tenn
a too
ls
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Capacity ≈ n ∙ W ∙ log2(1+SINR)
More cells New
spectrum Mitigate
interference More cells
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Small cell challenges
• Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL
Site Location
• Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells
• Coordination between macro-cells and small cell layer
Interference Management
• Various frequency band options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site location
Backhaul
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Small cell challenges
• Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL
Site Location
• Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells
• Coordination between macro-cells and small cells
Interference Management
• Various frequency band options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site location
Backhaul
Metro
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Once we have the site location,
we analyse the antenna patterns in real conditions
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Images by Telecom Paris-Tech
1.7GHZ 1.9GHZ 2.1GHZ
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and we can compute the coverage In urban areas, multipath is important
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3D propagation
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LOS & strong canyoning
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And multipath for indoor areas
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3D Indoor coverage- Ground Floor
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Reception on ground-floor of a NLOS building
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Reception on top-floor of a NLOS building
3D Indoor coverage – Top Floor
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Multipath estimation refines the MIMO simulation processing (space-time)…
…and is paramount for the interference estimation
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Small cell challenges
• Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL
Site Location
• Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells
• Coordination between macro-cells and small cells
Interference Management
• Various frequency band options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site location
Backhaul
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Beamforming - « Sub-optimal » Pointing
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Data coverage
SC-BS
24dBi
UE to serve
Data coverage SC-BS
UE
Active Antenna System
Ray-based model
3D Antenna patterns – Antenna models 3D Propagation models Reliable predictions for decision-making
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Less interferences Less power transmitted Less EM radiation in undesired areas
Beamforming - Optimal Pointing
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SC-BS
UE
UE to serve SC-BS
24dBi
Active Antenna System
Data coverage
Ray-based model
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SC-BS height: 15m SC-BS height: 15m SC-BS height: 7m SC-BS height: 7m SC-BS height: 10m SC-BS height: 10m SC-BS height: 5m SC-BS height: 5m
Small cell challenges
• Traditional site acquisition: complex and expensive
• Street furniture: opportunity Optical Fiber / DSL
Site Location
• Spectrum re-use: same or different spectrum from macro-cells
• Coordination between macro-cells and small cells
Interference Management
• Various frequency band options
• LOS and NLOS in urban areas
• Enhance flexibility in site location
Backhaul
SC-BS height: 20m SC-BS height: 20m
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Outline
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Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities
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Great evolution of the networks to cope with the data growth…
… but let’s have a more holistic view on what we are doing
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Human exposure to EM waves
Vertical slice of Total field (V/M) Beyond total field threshold on facades
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Need to better assess the radiation levels Need to anticipate actions to optimize Propagation and antenna tools required
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Lexnet: EU-FP7
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Infrastructure will consume more energy
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Image by CTTC
Energy Harvesting
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Outline
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Context
Motivation for Hetnet
Sustainable?
Opportunities!
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It may be time for a more efficient network
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ICT: An opportunity to deal with climate changes
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ICT today: about 2% of global emissions
An Opportunity for Tremendous Impact on
Remaining 98%
2002 2007 2020
0.5
0.9
1.27
-7.8
Potential direct telecom equipment energy savings by 2020
0.5
Source: GeSI – SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age
Gto
ns
CO
2
Zero Growth Line
Indirect application examples
Smart utilities
Smart transport
Smart buildings
Smart industry ICT can enable a 16.5%
reduction in global emissions by 2020
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How to get a sustainable infrastructure?
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Power
limited region
Bandwidth
limited region
Low Power
High Power
Spectrum Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Greentouch
Throughput maximization
Reduction of EM exposure
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The infrastructure will be sustainable if it is shared among the wireless carriers
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How to get long-term revenues?
• Share costs across ICT infrastructure needs
• Topologies: Reducing energy bills, site and equipment costs
• Spectrum efficiency: Taking advantage of BW
• Reduce EM waves: Need not waiting for regulation
• Anticipating massive device-to-device communications
Traffic growth
data
voice revenue
Time
cost
Traffic growth
data
voice
revenue
cost
Time
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System Thinking: Worse before better
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t
Work ($) / capability
t
Performance
t
Competitive advantage
t
Work (or $) / capability
t
Worse before better
t
Capabilities enhancements
Capability takes time to build
Capability trap
Delay in observation better performance
Work less on immediate goal
Work more on capability
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The infrastructure will be sustainable if it is shared among the various industries
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Smart Cities
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• More antennas
• Multi-relays
• Device-to-device
• Opportunity to “share”
• Joint optimizations
• Municipalities / governments E-Health
Smart Buildings
Smart Transportation
Smart Communities
Smart Grids
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Opportunities for Antenna & Propagation reliable Tools
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System Integration
Hardware Implementation
System Engineering Algorithms
Idea and Conceptual Design
Antenna
& Propagation
Models
Manufacturing
System Deployment & Operation
Software Simulation
Tools
Hardware Simulators
RF Planning &
Optimization Tools
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Takeaways
• Multi-RAT HetNet with small cells: An answer to data growth
• Mobile network optimization: shift in constraints – From Spectral Efficiency to Energy-efficiency and Low EM Exposure
…While keeping an equivalent User experience
• Key competitive advantages in the long-run (holistic view)
• Sustainable infrastructure for Smart Cities: today’s decisions
• Propagation & Antenna models and tools will help
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Sustainable ICT Infrastructure
• It is a complicated task!
– Multi-discipline
– Multi-carriers
– Multi-industries
• But on the long term everyone is better off
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Traffic growth
data
voice
revenue
cost
Time
Lots of learning curves
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Thank You!
Prof Yves Lostanlen, VP Wireless, CTO Siradel and University of Toronto