Post Disaster Reconstruction: From Gujarat to Indian Ocean Tsunami …to Kashmir Anshu Sharma, SEEDS India
Post Disaster Reconstruction:From Gujarat to Indian Ocean Tsunami…to Kashmir
Anshu Sharma, SEEDS India
26th January, 2001...
Earthquake Strikes• 0845 hrs. (IST) on
January 26 near Bhuj, Gujarat
• 7.9 on Richter Scale
• Over 20,000 feared dead
• Disaster in an already drought stricken area
SEEDS Relief
Specially Designed Family Packs
A bucket, sets of clothes for the entire family, food stock for 15 days, candles, matchboxes, utensils and bedding.
…continued with dialogue
community planning meeting
demonstration unit for masons
rural exhibition on safe construction
The SEEDS Rehab Programme in Gujarat…
PATANKA NAVJIVAN YOJANAPATANKA NAVJIVAN YOJANA
District Patan, GujaratDistrict Patan, Gujarat
Patanka Navjivan Yojana
PNYWater
HarvestingLivelihood Security
Health & Education
Reconstruction & Repair of Buildings
Training & Demonstration
Masons from NepalShake Table Tests
not just rebuilding houses, but rebuilding lives !
Joint EffortsParticipation of :
Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Center,Japan
Government of Gujarat, India
Geo Hazards International, USA
Gap Inc., USA
National Center for People’s Action in Disaster Preparedness, India
National Society for Earthquake Technology, Nepal
National Centre for Disaster Management
NGOs Kobe, Kobe, Japan
United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD), Kobe, Japan
Salient Features• Each family decides the location, size, design and material of its
new house
• Houseowner contributes land, material and labour
• Mason is hired for construction and paid for by the houseowner
• Houseowner assists the mason and learns masonry in the process
• Entire families get involved in carrying material, cement curingetc.
• Implementing agency contributes cement and steel for reinforcement to a maximum ceiling of US$ 200 worth
• Unit cost of average house is US $ 1,000 as compared to US $ 2,000 and above in most rehabilitation projects
GOGO--NGONGO--CommunityCommunity
Community MeetingCommunity Meeting
TrainingTraining
Masons from Nepal: the `language of handsMasons from Nepal: the `language of hands’’
Models used in trainingModels used in training
Field Shake Table Program
Table Stoppers
Roller Close Up
Shake Table
Shake Table Setup
Shocks with Tractor’s Help
In View of Large Gathering
End of Test - Collapse of Ordinary Model & Damage in Improved Model
Retrofitting Increases Seismic Resistance
Learning to do!Learning to do!
Material YardMaterial Yard
Steel YardSteel Yard
Steel WorkshopSteel Workshop
Timber WorkshopTimber Workshop
Self Help is best helpSelf Help is best help
HouseownerHouseowner assists masonassists mason
A project team of 5, and 250 houses to build!A project team of 5, and 250 houses to build!
Reconstruction, a family activity…..
SEEDS team with Ramiben, the owner of the first complete house
Meeting Village Women: spinning off from the projectMeeting Village Women: spinning off from the project
The community planning process….
Public announcement for the meeting !
Introduction
…and welcome !
Group was then divided into 3 subgroups
1 group of men and two groups of women !
Each group was given a base model of the existing structure and we asked them for suggestions on possible uses.
Existing School
Men’s group in action, SEEDS team facilitating
Everyone was given plasticine to play with and put it on the model
Suggestions came in form of models
Proposals from villagers in plasticine !
Letter Box
Public stanpipe
All three models were then put on public display
For their hard work, the villagers were treated to a movie show. Indian block buster - Lagaan !
Strategic follow-up
Mason Training and Certification Programme
Strategic follow-up
School Safety Programme
Strategic follow-up
CBDM Programme
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Wind Tunnel and Water Harvesting Models
26th December, 2004...
Tsunami Strikes• 0800 hrs. (IST) on December
26, Andaman Nicobar Islands
• Triggered by earthquake of 9 on Richter Scale in Indonesia
• Over 15,000 feared dead in the A&N Islands
• Total devastation of settlements along coast
• Major problems of accessibility
Extensive damage
SEEDS Relief
Relief started on 28 December
Relief camps with kitchen and sanitation facilities
Extended relief in affected settlements
Relief kits flown from Mainland
…Recovery
Psychosocial support
…Reconstruction
Beneficiary Participation
…Gujarat shows the way
SEEDS Mason Association
…Advocacy
Appropriate Shelter Construction
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
…Value Additions
• Micro-Credit with insurance, savings and livelihood relief fund
• Re-establishment of women’s centres
• Citizens’ Resource Centres
• Mason Training Programme
• School Safety Programme
• CBDM programme in all settlements
08 October, 2005...
Earthquake Strikes• 0924 hrs. (IST) on October 08,
Jammu and Kashmir
• Earthquake of 7.6 on Richter Scale in Kashmir
• Over 2,000 feared dead in Jammu and Indian Kashmir
• Over 60,000 houses feared destroyed on Indian side
• Major problems of accessibility, oncoming extreme winter
Extensive damage, Risk from oncoming winter
SEEDS Relief
Relief started on 09 October
600 families covered in Poonch District
Relief included tents, bedding, warm clothes, children’s educational material
Winter distribution in Dec
…Recovery
Interim Shelter Programme
A learning process …
• Safe houses do not have to be expensive• Involvement of communities in processes leads to greater ownership on
products• Hands on training is more effective than classroom sessions • Cooperation, even of international level, is most productive when carried
out at grassroot level• Open ended and community based projects yield monumental spin-offs• Well implemented and documented grassroot initiatives can and do
influence policy environment
11223344
Go to the PeopleLive among them.Learn from themStart from where they areWork with them.Build on what they have.But of the best leaders,When the task is accomplished,The work completed.The people all remark:"We have done it ourselves"
Lao Tsu