From Gene to Protein

From Gene to Protein

DNA Review

Is made of nucleotides. Contains deoxyribose sugar Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine Is a double stranded molecule. Example: A A T G G C T A T A C C G

RNA Review

Is made of nucleotides. Contains ribose sugar Replaces Thymine with the base Uracil. Is a single stranded molecule. Example: A A U G G C U A U A C C G

What is the JOB of RNA?

To assist in the synthesis of proteins.

ENGAGE:Proteins, Proteins, Proteins!!!What’s the deal with proteins?

Explore 1:Banana Split Lab(Transcription, Translation)

Explore 2

Designer Babies

Explain:

Amino Acids – the building blocks of proteins.

Many amino acids linked together make up the many different proteins in our body.

DNA contains the code for these proteins and RNA’s assemble the parts.

Protein Synthesis: overview

Transcription: synthesis of RNA

under the direction of DNA (mRNA)

Translation: actual synthesis of a polypeptide under the direction of mRNA

Transcription, Translation

RNA Getting Ready to Do its Job There is NOT just one RNA molecule!!!!

THERE ARE THREE!!! 3 types of RNA molecules:

1. Messenger RNA (m-RNA)

2. Transfer RNA (t-RNA)

3. Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA) Each RNA molecule has a specific job in

making a protein

m-RNA(Transcribes the DNA) Messenger RNA copies the code for a protein

from DNA. This is called TRANSCRIPTION (Only Occurs INSIDE of the Nucleus of a Cell) Takes code to the ribosome where the protein

will be made. m-RNA is divided into smaller units called

CODONS.

What is a Codon? Codon - series of

3-nucleotide ‘words’ found on the mRNA for ONE amino acid

The genetic instructions are ‘written’ in the DNA as a triplet code

Translation NOW Occurs

Translation– Interpretation or Decoding of the protein

code from DNA Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell NOT THE NUCLEUS Involves mRNA, as well as,

tRNA and rRNA

t-RNA, Slide 1(Transfer RNA)

Carries the specific amino acid to the ribosome.

Each t-RNA will hook up with a codon. One or more t-RNA for each amino

acid. Attach to the codon and have an area

called an ANTI-CODON.

tRNA, Slide 2

The three letter code on the tRNA is called an Anticodon

This code translates what amino acid should be made

Translation Summary

mRNA from nucleus is ‘read’ along its codons by tRNA’s anticodons at the ribosome in the cytoplasm

tRNA anticodon (nucleotide triplet); brings ONE amino acid

Ribosomes and rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Ribosomes– Protein factories– Only Non-membrane bound organelle

rRNA– What makes up the ribosomes of the cell. – Found in high concentration in the

nucleolus of the cell’s nucleus.

mRNA, tRNA and the ribosome Working Together

Elaborate: Codon Table Activity

Elaborate

DNA Article with Codon Table Guided Practice using the Codon Table Building a Protein Synthesis

Manipulative

Sequencing Race Begins

Evaluate