From Artificial Intelligence to Artificial Consciousness · 2019. 7. 4. · to Artificial Consciousness ? Prof. Steven Laureys, MD, PhD Who are we ? Coma Science Group Medical doctors

Leandro SanzComa Science Group

GIGA Consciousness

University & Hospital of Liègewww.comascience.org

From Artificial

Intelligence

to Artificial

Consciousness ?

Prof. Steven Laureys, MD, PhD

Who are we ?

Coma Science Group

Medical

doctors Neuropsychologists

Physiotherapists

www.comascience.org

2

Summary3

1. Defining Consciousness

2. Neuroimaging

4. Machines vs. Humans

5. Machines for Humans

6. Machines like Humans

1. Consciousness

Un si brillant cerveau – Steven Laureys, Editions Odile Jacob, 2015

What is consciousness ?

Consciousness | Neuroimaging | Machine vs. Human | Machine for Human| Machine like Human

5

6

Laureys, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2005

Coma

Generalanesthesia

Locked-In Syndrome

Minimally conscious

state

Vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness

syndrome

Conscious wakefulness

Drowsiness

Slow-wave sleep I - II

Slow-wavesleep III

Lucid dream

REM sleep

Consciousness: 2 components

“There’s nothing we can do…

he’ll always be a vegetable.”

Aw

are

ne

ss

Arousal

+

-


7

The networks of consciousness

Internal network:

Consciousness of self

External network:

Consciousness of environment

Laureys, Scientific American 2007

Vanhaudenhuyse et al, J Cogn Neurosci 2011

anterior cingulate

precuneus

Lateral fronto-

parietal cortices


Terry Schiavo

8


Why assess consciousness ?

Demertzi et al, J Neurology 2011

PrognosisUnresponsive wakefulness (UWS)

EthicsTreatment

Schiff et al, Nature, 2007

Thibaut et al, Brain Inj 2017

Cassol et al, unpublished data

MCS

UWS

Death

Emergence

Death

MCS

Minimally conscious (MCS)UWS MCS UWS MCS

9

LIS diagnosis:-Mean time from onset: 79 days

-Made by family member in 54%

León-Carrión et al, Brain Injury 2002


2. Neuroimaging

Electroencephalography (EEG)

11


Auditory evoked potentials

Boly et al, Science, 2011

12


13

Transcranial magnetic

stimulation + EEG


14

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)


15

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)


3. Machines vs. Humans

Human vs. Supercomputer

17


Axons vs. wires

18


32

Axons vs. wires


Gary Kasparov vs. Deep Blue

Kasparov vs. Deep Blue 1997

20


Ken Jennings vs. IBM Watson

Jeopardy! 2011

21


ASIMO

Honda ASIMO, 2006

22


ATLAS

Boston Dynamics ATLAS, 2018

23


Alan Turing vs. Robots

Alan Turing, Computing machinery and intelligence, 1950

24


CAPTCHA vs. Robots

Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, depuis 2000

25


Cats vs. Robots ?

reCAPTCHA, 2017

26


Robots vs. Music

Toyota violin robot, 2007

27


Toyota violin robot, 2007

28


Toyota basketball robot, 2018

29


Imitation or Emotion ?

Nurse robot, CHU Liège 2016

30


Machines vs. Criminals

Policeman robot, police Dubaï 2017

31


Self consciousness & ego

Ex Machina 2015Gallup Test

32


Self Consciousness & ego

Westworld, 2016

33


Uploading consciousness ?

Black Mirror, 2018

34


4. Machines for Humans

EEG : functional connectivity

36


PET: brain metabolism

37


PET: networks of consciousness

Thibaut et al, J Rehabil Med, 2012Stender & Gosseries et al, Lancet, 2014

ECM ENR

38


MRI : structural changes

Control

MCS

UWS

Grey matterVolume-Based Morphometry

White matterDiffusion tensor imaging

39


Functional MRI:

Brain-Computer Interfaces

Laureys et al, Lancet, 2000

Imagine Tennis for YES

Imagine Navigate NO

Is your father called Alexander ? Is your father called Thomas ?

40


EEG

Machine Learning………120

markers

Probability of consciousness

41

Connectivity Information Spectral measures Evoked potentials


5. Machines like Humans

TD Learning & dopamine

Training Reward

NO YES

YES YES

YES NO

43


Supervised learning &

the cerebellum

44


Conclusion

The mind is not digital

46

47

The mind is not digital

Digits do not make a mind (yet)

48

Human Consciousness

Arousal & awareness

Internal & external networks

Brain imaging techniques: EEG, TMS, PET, MRI

Artificial Intelligence

Computing power

Imitation and accuracy

Unable to generate original emotions

Artificial models contribute to

the understanding of the human brain !

49Conclusion

Thank you !

More information: [email protected]

From Artificial Intelligence to Artificial Consciousness · 2019. 7. 4. · to Artificial Consciousness ? Prof. Steven Laureys, MD, PhD Who are we ? Coma Science Group Medical doctors

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