Frida Fergianni: Study of Community Profile In Support Of Tourism Development in Kelurahan Jelekong Bandung Indonesia

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STUDY OF COMMUNITY PROFILE IN SUPPORT OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN

KELURAHAN JELEKONG, KECAMATAN BALEENDAH, KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Frida Fergianni

ABSTRACT

This study examines the profile of the community, stakeholders and conditions of tourism

product in order to develop tourism in Kelurahan Jelekong based on community and all

stakeholders involved. This social assessment was used to identify and analyze the community

profile, demographic factors, socioeconomic determinants, social organizations, local

sosisopolitics, values and needs as well as social risk based on social analysis. In addition, this

study used stakeholder analysis to identify and analyze key stakeholders, their interests, influence

and importance (roles). While tourism products were identified using the Strengths Weaknesses

Opportunities Threats (SWOT) matrix. The result shows that, community of Kelurahan Jelekong

belongs to low – middle social class, who agree to the tourism development and expect that the

tourism development will positively impact to the whole aspects of economic lives. The

stakeholders still needs to coordinate among others to develop the main tourism products of

Kelurahan Jelekong especially art and culture.

Keywords: Community, Stakeholder, Social Assessment, Community Based Tourism

INTRODUCTION

In the development of tourism, the local

community is one of the important elements

that must be considered because the

community is the host and have a significant

role and interest in the development. In the

development of community – based tourism

or rural tourism or tourism village,

involvement or participation of the local

community is very important because they

are the center of the tourism development.

Even local people are the main attraction in

the activities of community – based tourism

and rural tourism.

"Community based tourism seeks to

increase of people’s involvement and

ownership of tourism at the destination end.

Initiates from and control stays with the local

community. “(Cleverdon et al in Mowforth et

al, 1998: 95).

West Java has the potential tourism village

based on RIPPDA listed in West Java in

2005. In West Java RIPPDA In 2005,

Kelurahan Jelekong is a potential tourist

attraction West Java. Kelurahan Jelekong has

the potential to be developed into community

– based cultural tourism village. In RPJPD

Kabupaten Bandung 2005 – 2025, Kelurahan

Jelekong is one of Cultural Tourism Zone.

Under Regulation No. 18 of RIPPDA 2012 –

2017 also mentioned that Kelurahan Jelekong

being one of tourism strategic areas, namely

Jelekong Tourism Region of Sundanese Arts

and Culture. But the plan has not been as a

top priority the development of tourism in

Kabupaten Bandung. Kelurahan Jelekong

have been included into the tourism strategic

area of Kabupaten Bandung, but the planning

of local community and stakeholder

participation has not been formed. Therefore,

social assessments will be used as a tool in

identifying and analyzing local communities

and stakeholder profile and will be the

Frida Fergianni: Study of Community Profile In Support Of Tourism Development in Kelurahan

Jelekong, Kecamatan Baleendah, Kabupaten Bandung

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cornerstone of the local community and

stakeholder participation plan.

Community participation is an essential

element that must be considered because the

role of local communities is a major tourism

resource. Lack of community involvement,

will lead to dissatisfaction of the local

communities, people feel alienated in his own

house, which eventually will lead to conflict

with other stakeholders.

The lack of a local communities

participation plan in Kelurahan Jelekong will

provoke social envy, feeling oppressed by the

development of tourism, and the loss of local

knowledge and resources.

Kelurahan Jelekong also does not have a

source of data on the potential of tourism

products. Therefore, potential of tourism

resources will be identify and will be used as

the basis for tourism development.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Tourism is a process and activities

involving multiple parties one of which is the

local community, “tourism may be defined as

the processes, activities, and outcomes a

rising from the relationships and the

interactions among tourists, tourism

suppliers, host governments, host

communities , and surrounding environments

that are involved in the attracting and hosting

of visitors. " (Goeldner & Ritchie, 2009: 6).

The development of tourism should also

be adapted to the physical and socio – cultural

conditions of local communities to avoid

conflicts.

Tourism development should aim at:

1. Provides a framework for improving the

living conditions of local communities

through the economic benefits of tourism.

2. Develop infrastructure and public

facilities.

3. Check the type of development in the

visitor center and the resort is in

accordance with the objectives of the area

(local area). (Goeldner & Ritchie, 2009:

454).

1. Rural Tourism

Rural tourism is tourism that is built with

a rustic theme. The theme of this rural

tourism depends on the type of countryside

that became the main attraction of tourism,

such as the attractiveness of rural agriculture,

rural areas will be built agro tourism and rural

tourism with cultural appeal of art, Kelurahan

Jelekong would be suitable to be built into a

rural tourism with the theme of art and

culture.

“Rural tourism often described as a form

of tourism that takes place in the countryside

but this is ambiguous and on further

reflection points to a broad variation of types

of countryside and activities. " (Page &

Connell, 2006: 427).

Rural tourism development strategy

should take into account environmental

sustainability, economic and social of local

community.

2. Rural Community

Jonassen & Hillery in Horton & Hunt,

1968: 428 explains that:

"A community includes (1) a grouping of

people, (2) within a geographic area, (3) with

a division of labor into specialized and

interdepend functions, (4) with a common

culture and a social system of the which

organizes their activities, (5) whose members

are conscious of their unity and of belonging

to the community, and (6) who can act in an

organized manner collectively.”

Rural community has some character,

Horton & Hunt argued that some of the

characters, namely:

a. Isolation;

b. Homogeneity;

c. Agricultural Employment , and

d. Subsistence economy.

But at present, rural community begins to

lose its rural nature of folk society. This is

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due to the presence of the rural revolution.

Rural revolution consist of:

a. Reduced isolation ;

b. Commercialized and rationalized of

agriculture , and

c. Urbanization of rural life.

The occurrence of this rural revolution

that caused the emergence of tourism as a

development option. Tourism will act as a

selection of new economic opportunities and

also to increase awareness of rural

communities pride themselves on their home

environment, the tourism involving all levels

of society will also increase the closeness

between rural communities.

3. Community Based Tourism

Community based tourism is a community

– based approach that promotes tourism in

the development of local communities. The

following are important factors in community

– based tourism:

Local communities should be involved in

decision-making and ownership not only

through money.

Fairness in the distribution of benefits is

very important that local people do not feel

economically colonized.

Work together only by the individual will

make a compartmentalized society. People

have a social organization that represents

them, cooperation should be built through the

social organization.

Local communities should benefit

environmental and social conservation

activities. Tourism should not be excessively

exploit the scarce resources.

Tourism will lead to love and pride to their

own local culture.

Operators/ stakeholders should work with

local communities to minimize the negative

impacts of tourism, because the local people

know the social, economic and

environmental of the tourism destinations.

Operators/ stakeholders should not

marginalize small groups in society.

Operators/ stakeholders should create a

code of conduct for tourists in order to respect

local wisdom.

Operators/ stakeholders should educate

local communities how to be a good host that

can participate in tourism with dignity and

confidence.

If people feel the threat of tourism, they

should be situated away from the plan - the

plan of tourism development. (Mann in

Smith, 2003: 122).

Given the importance of the participation

of local communities in the development of

community-based rural tourism, we need a

tool that can describe the profile of local

communities and stakeholders as the

foundation of local community participation

(and stakeholders) plan. The tool is a social

assessment.

4. Social Assessment

Social assessment is a tool or method to

identify and analyze the social aspects of a

society and how the role of relevant

stakeholders in a project. “Social assessment:

a methodology for incorporating an analysis

of social issues and developing a framework

for stakeholder participation in the design of

a project.” (Rietbergen - McCracken &

Narayan, 1998: 3). Social assessment is done

at the beginning of a development project, it

is proposed by Rietbergen - McCracken that

“a Social Assessment may be undertaken at

the very beginning of a development

intervention to set the framework for

subsequent participatory efforts.” The World

Bank in Berstein , 2004: 9, defines social

assessment, as follows: Social Assessment

"is made up of analytical, process, and

operational elements, combining: (a) the

analysis of context and social issues with (b)

a participatory process of stakeholder

Consultations and involvement , to provide

(c) operational guidance on developing a

project design, implementation, and

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monitoring and evaluation (M & E)

framework."

Table 1.

Social Assessment

Source: Rietbergen – McCracken & Narayan,

1998: 3 & Berstein, 2004: 9

Social analysis is used to identify and

analyze social issues that occur in the

community, where social meaning is "a

social as anything relating to people or

society”. (Conyers, 1993: 2). Social issues

consists of a social character, quality of life,

social service and social justice. Indicators of

social issues are demographic factors (social

diversity and gender), socio – economic

determinants, social organization

(institutions, rules and behavior), socio –

political context, needs & values and social

risk.

Stakeholders are people or institution who

have influence, "Stakeholders are people,

groups, or institutions which are likely to be

affected by a proposed intervention (either

negatively or positively), or those which can

affect the outcome of the intervention”.

Rietbergen - McCracken & Narayan (1998;

66). While according to Bernstein,

“stakeholders include the various

organizations, groups and individuals who

have an interest or a stake in the project.”

(Bernstein, 2004: 11).

Stakeholder analysis is an important

process in the social assessment, this process

aims to identify and analyze the social and

institutional context of a development or

policy. Stakeholder analysis will provide

basic information about the parties who will

be affected and affect the development and

any individuals or groups that would be

involved, and the extent to which the ability

of individuals or groups to be involved in

plan participation from (Rietbergen -

McCracken & Narayan, 1998: 65).

5. Tourism product

“The tourism product is composite in

nature and includes everything that tourists

purchase, see, experience, and feel from the

time they leave home until the time they

return”. (Collier, 2003: 19).

It includes a trip "to" and "from"

destinations, accommodation, and travel

while in a destination, and all expenditures

include food and beverages, souvenirs, and

entertainment and performances.

Component of the tourism product will

refer to the concept proposed by Middleton,

“the tourist product is to be considered as an

amalgam of three components of the main

Attractions, facilities (amenities) at the

destination and the accessibility of the

destination “. (Middleton, 2009: 120).

METHODOLOGY

In this study, the method used is

descriptive method. “Penelitian yang bersifat

deskriptif, bertujuan menggambarkan secara

tepat sifat – sifat suatu individu, keadaan,

gejala, atau kelompok tertentu atau untuk

menentukan frekuensi atau penyebaran suatu

gejala atau frekuensi adanya hubungan

tertentu antara suatu gejala dan gejala lain

dalam masyarakat.” (Silalahi, 1999: 52).

While the approach in this study using

qualitative methods. “The qualitative method

is a method to explore and understand the

meaning by individuals or a group of people

considered to be derived from a social or

human problem.” (Creswell, 2009: 4).

Object of this study is the profile of the

community and stakeholders associated with

Social Assessment

Rietbergen –

McCracken &

Narayan

Bernstein

Social Analysis Social Diversity And

Gender

Institutions, Rules

And Behavior

Social Risk

Stakeholder

Analysis

Stakeholders

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the development of tourism in the village

along with potential products tourism

Kelurahan Jelekong.

Determination of the informants in this

study using purposive (criterion) is an

informant determination by destination or

specific considerations (based on certain

criteria) (Patton, 2002: 238). Here are the

criteria for informants in this study:

Table. 2

Informant

Source: Processed Data, 2013.

Data collection techniques in this study

using a structured interview with a

questionnaire as its tool, to profile aspects of

the community social issues, in - depth

interview (interview guide) for stakeholders,

tourism products using observation

(checklist) and documents review.

The technique of data analysis in this

study will use social analysis is a systematic

description of the social condition presented

in tables, diagrams, charts and cross

tabulations, stakeholder analysis matrix

(stakeholder analysis matrices) for

stakeholder analysis.

Table 3.

Identification Stakeholder Group,

Interests, Importance and Influence

Source: Reitbergen – Mccracken & Narayan.

1998: 73.

Table 4.

Importance and Influence Stakeholder

Mapping

Source: Reitbergen – Mccracken &

Narayan. 1998: 74.

Key Informants Other

Informants

1. Tourism actors who

have decision –

making authority.

100

householder

who live

permanently in

RW 1, 2, 3, 4,

5, 6, 9, 11, and

14.

2. Active tourism

actors who develop

tourism in the

Village Jelekong.

3. Art performers

4. Painting crafter

5. Community leaders

that are formally

designated

6. Influential public

figures in the

community

Stakeholder

Groups

Interest(s)

Effect of

Project on

Interest(s)

Importance of

Stakeholder

for Success or

Project

Degree of

Influence of

Stakeholder

at Stake in

Relation to

Project

+ 0

-

U=Unknown U=Unknown

1=Little/ No

Importance

1=Little/ No

Influence

2=Some

Importance

2=Some

Influence

3=Moderate

Importance

3=Moderate

Influence

4=Very

Importance

4=Significant

Influence

5=Critical

Player

5=Very

Influential

Influence

Of

Stakeholder

Importance Of Activity To Stakeholder

U

n

k

n

o

w

n

Little/ No

Importance

Some

Importance

Moderate

Importance

Much

Importance

Critical

Player

Unknown

Little/ No

Influence

Some

Influence

Moderate

Influence

Significant

Influence

Very

Influence

6

Table 5.

Stakeholder Participation Strategy

Formulation

Stage in Project Process

Type of Participation

Information - Sharing

Consultation

Collaboration Empowerment

(one - way flow)

(two - way flow)

(increasing

control over decision making)

(transfer of

control over decision and resources)

Project Identificatio

n

Preparation

Appraisal

Implementation, Supervision,

and

Monitoring

Evaluating

Source: Reitbergen – Mccracken &

Narayan. 1998: 75

Serta analisis SWOT untuk produk

pariwisata.

Table 6.

SWOT

Source: Pahl & Richter, 2007

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Community Profile

To identify community profile social

analysis is being used. Social analysis is one

of the step in social assessment. Social

analysis in the community using a

questionnaire (structured interview) to the

100 respondents from 3,632 households in

the RW 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, and 14 in

Kelurahan Jelekong .

a. Social diversity and gender

composition dominated by men, with

the status of native and immigrant

population that had settled about the

same. Age of the population was

dominated at the level of reproductive

age with 90 % Moslem.

b. But the level of education is still quite

low, mostly at elementary and junior

high, cross tabulation of the results is

known that the level of education

affects the level of employment and

income. It is seen from the average

work – average workers and private

employees (factory workers). The

average income of 40 % around Rp

1000.000,00 – Rp 2000.000,00.

c. Social organization is quite high but

participation is quite low,

approximately 70 % did not participate

because busy with work.

d. Community leaders in general are

religious figures, RT/ RW and arts and

culture figures.

e. Values and needs of society in general

can be considered kinship values has

been decline. Needs of the community

at large in the form of relief assistance

for water infrastructure improvements

during the dry season and intra- village

roads. But for a crafter group, roup

main needs is the training andand

standardization formation of

cooperatives and craft painting prices.

For arts groups and KOMPEPAR need

resolution of internal conflicts and the

establishment of coordination

structures for the realization of the

integrated work plan.

f. Social risk in the Village Jelekong can

be considered, due to natural disasters

and social conflict can be said to be a

low frequency. But the lifestyle of the

people in general have not preserve the

natural environment, for example, is a

bad habit of littering or burning trash.

Internal

External Strengh (S) Weaknesses (W)

Opportunities (O) Stategi S - O Strategi W - O

Threats (T) Strategi S - T Strategi W - T

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The development of tourism is

expected to bring social impact both in

terms of the preservation of the

environment and the social & cultures.

2. Stakeholders

For the analysis of tourism stakeholders,

found 9 stakeholder that influential and has a

level of importance/ role in the development

of eco – tourism Kelurahan Jelekong which

all support the development of tourism. By

positioning the arts groups and crafter group

very influential and important.

The influence and role of the stakeholders

in the given assessment, where the lowest is

0 (unknown) and the highest is 5 (very

influential and very important). Here is a

position of influence and level of importance

/ role (importance) in the ninth stakeholders:

a. DISPOPAR influence: 4, rate the

importance/ role: 5.

b. Kelurahan Jelekong government, the

influence: 2, the level of importance/

role: 2.

c. Arts groups, the influence: 5 , the level

of importance/ role: 5.

d. Crafter groups, the influence: 5, the

level of importance/ role: 5.

e. Community leaders, influence: 4, rate

the importance/ role: 3.

f. Groups of women – mothers, influence:

2, the level of importance/ role: 3.

g. Youth groups, influence: 3, the level of

importance/ role: 4.

h. Farmers Group, influences: 3, the level

of importance/ role: 3.

3. Tourism Products

The actual main tourism products in

Kelurahan Jelekong is art and culture,

particularly the art of puppet show and

painting. With the potential appeal of the art

form of traditional Sundanese music, dance,

martial arts, Sisingaan/ Singadepok,

Gajahdepok, and Jampana. Farms,

plantations area and traditional food industry

also has the potential attraction of tourism.

Tourism activities can be done is to watch

the performing arts, see how the puppet

show, craft painting to learn and get involved

in the performing arts.

Tourism in Kelurahan Jelekong is still in

the development phase, variation attraction

and activity tourism is still limited.

Here is the conclusion of a SWOT analysis

of the tourism product in Kelurahan

Jelekong:

a. Strengths

1) Center of Sundanese traditional

cultural arts puppet show and crafts,

especially painting.

2) Have various potential tourism

attraction that can be developed,

ranging from other Sundanese arts

and culture, such as: Jaipongan

Dance, Folk Art (Calung, Reog

dogdog, Kacapi Suling), Pencak

Silat martial atrs, Sisingaan,

Gajahdepok, Jampana (march

festivals 17an/ Indonesia’s

Independence Day Festivals).

3) The number of social organization

which is quite high.

4) The location is not too far from the

city of Bandung.

b. Weaknesses

1) Not having adequate facilities and

infrastructure and in accordance

with the theme of the development

of tourism which is rural tourism.

2) Variety of activities to do at this

time is limited and homogeneous.

3) There are no well-organized tourism

management. There is no

coordination between social

organizations.

c. Opportunities

1) Wet and dry farm and plantations

land activities potentially to become

a traditional agro tourism and food

industry can also support the appeal.

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2) The district policy regarding

tourism strategic areas, which

facilitates access to investors in

promoting the development of

tourism.

d. Threats

1) Rival of other cultural attractions in

Bandung City.

2) Cieunteung river floods can disrupt

accessibility to the Village Jelekong.

CONCLUSION

Local Community of Kelurahan Jelekong

is very receptive and open to the development

of tourism in the Village Jelekong. Also

supported by the number of population in the

productive age are high, although education

and insights on tourism should be enhanced

through capacity building.

Gaps are generally perceived painting

crafter and women, making them hopes that

tourism sector can foster for economic

improvement and equality of opportunity in

the craftwork and job opportunities.

But bad habits can lower the

environmental quality of tourism activity,

therefore habit of preserving the environment

must be improved.

For the analysis of tourism stakeholders,

found 9 stakeholder influential and has a

level of importance/ role in the development

of tourism in Kelurahan Jelekong which all

support the development of tourism. By

positioning the arts groups and crafter group

very influential and important. Below is a

table mapping stakeholder:

Table 7.

Stakeholder Mapping

Annotation:

0: unknown

1: little/ no importance (influence)

2: some importance (influence)

3: moderate importance (influence)

4: much importance/ significant influence

5: critical player/ very influence

A: Group of Crafters

B: Group Art

C: DISPOPAR

D: Community Leaders

E: Youth Group

F: farmer groups

G: KOMPEPAR

H: Group of Women – Mothers

I: Village Government Jelekong

The strength of the tourism product is the

center of culture and art of traditional

Sundanese puppet show and crafts,

especially painting. The disadvantage is not

having adequate infrastructure and tourism

development in accordance with the theme,

namely rural tourism. Then, chances are wet

and dry agricultural land to development

activities agro tourism and food industry can

also support traditional allure. And the threat

of competition from other cultural attractions

in the city of Bandung.

Influence Importance

0 1 2 3 4 5

0

1

2 I H G

3 F E

4 D C

5 A

B

Source: Processed Data,

2013

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With the condition of Kelurahan Jelekong,

strategies that must be taken is to support an

aggressive strategy with infrastructure

development, package – a package of

tourism, as well as through the promotion of

partnerships with the travel agent or any

social media.

To create a self – reliant community

participation so that they can independently

manage the tourism sector in a region, it is in

need of a more comprehensive study on the

participation and organization.

Based on the results of studies using the

social assessment and identification of the

tourism product, the following are some

suggestions are addressed to key

stakeholders.

Community capacity, planning the

formation of several working groups,

organizing and managing the group that is

committed to encouraging and overseeing the

development of tourism, for example,

community leaders, internal coordination

within the social organization must also be

upgraded with equal opportunities in social

activities, in order to depress unrepresented

interests and needs of the community as well

as the establishment of Destination

Management Organizations.

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Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata

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Research.

Internet Readings:

antarajawabarat.com/lihat/berita/26092/lihat

/kategori/88/ekonomi

bandungkab.go.id/arsip/2282/desa-jelekong-

kecamatan-baleendah

beksi.wordpress.com/2008/07/23/aliran-

cimande/

business-case-analysis.com/business-

benefit.html#financialobjectives968

elib.unikom.ac.id/files/disk1/604/jbptuniko

mpp-gdl-chandrayud-30172-11-

unikom_c-i.pdf

Eprints.undip.ac.id/577/1/FILSAFAT__DAN

_METODE_PENELITIAN_KUALITA

TIF.pdf

facebook.com/CiamisKamiCiamisKamu/pos

ts/327164904035308?comment_id=20

19437&offset=0&total_comments=9

forum.kompas.com/nasional/109532-

jelekong-sentra-industri-kreatif-di-

bandung.html

http://bebekpengkang.blogspot.com/2010/04

/masyarakat-kota-dan-desa.html

indonesia.travel/id/destination/593/desa-

wisata-jelekong-baleendah

jabarprov.go.id/index.php/subMenu/43).

jabarprov.go.id/index.php/subMenu/43: di

akses pada tanggal 25 September

2013).

jawa-barat.com/info/seni-di-kampung-

jelekong-bandung

12

joe.org/joe/1964summer/1964-2-a4.pdf

karsamulia.blogdetik.com/2009/08/13/jampa

na-dan-gapura-bambu/

kaskus.co.id/show_post/514479ae63124381

3a000009/428/

kebudayaanindonesia.net/id/culture/815/calu

ng#.UlAp41NqfIU

maps.google.com

Mastarmudi.blogspot.com/2010/07/pengerti

an-observasi.html

mrpams212.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/nilai

-dan-norma-dalam-masyarakat/

nampon.com/namponKariMadi.htm

Pedoman Wawancara Stakeholder IPB:

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct

=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3

&ved=0CDsQFjAC&url=http%3A%2

F%2Frepository.ipb.ac.id%2Fbitstrea

m%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F517

62%2F2011msi_Lampiran.pdf%3Fseq

uence%3D11&ei=Z4iwUdD-D-

iPiAeh2IDoDg&usg=AFQjCNHT9sab

YqR40ymc8enQzrNUq2r_nA&bvm=b

v.47534661,d.aGc&cad=rja

Pola Hubungan Stakeholder Toba:

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct

=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11

&ved=0CC0QFjAAOAo&url=http%3

A%2F%2Fkm.ristek.go.id%2Fassets%

2Ffiles%2FLIPI%2F1134%2520D%2

520S%2F1134.pdf&ei=GKewUaeiO6

6ZiAeuhIGYAw&usg=AFQjCNFE63

GelHgBX_jinjXyXoNqYlvnPA&sig2=

FcP4nn805YuFodkACsWSzA&bvm=b

v.47534661,d.aGc

repository.upi.edu/operator/upload/s_mrl_06

06881_chapter5.pdf

sekarenggal.weebly.com/kacapi-suling.html

silatindonesia.com

sosbud.kompasiana.com/2012/08/16/tujuhbe

lasan-ala-1980-an-di-kampung-

jampana-486116.html).

sosbud.kompasiana.com/2012/08/16/tujuhbe

lasan-ala-1980-an-di-kampung-

jampana-486116.html: di akses pada

25 September 2013).

Stakeholder BAPPENAS:

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct

=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=9

&ved=0CG4QFjAI&url=http%3A%2

F%2Fwww.bappenas.go.id%2Fget-

file-

server%2Fnode%2F2725%2F&ei=Z4

iwUdD-D-

iPiAeh2IDoDg&usg=AFQjCNHztJW

ZUQ2sem2-

C9fNPDDvhfvrCg&bvm=bv.4753466

1,d.aGc&cad=rja

travel.detik.com/read/2012/04/13/091047/18

91476/1025/berakhir-pekan-di-desa-

jelekong-ubud-nya-jawa-barat

unwto.org

Wawan-

junaidi.blogspot.com/2009/10/pengert

ian-observasi-dan-kedudukannya.html