Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Jennifer Jo Ressler LLNL-PRES-453472 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 FRIB Isotope Production for Rare Targets American Chemical Society, Aug. 22 – 24 2010
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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Jennifer Jo Ressler
LLNL-PRES-453472
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551
This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344
FRIB Isotope Production for Rare
Targets
American Chemical Society, Aug. 22 – 24 2010
2LLNL-PRES-453472 ACS: Radiochemistry at FRIB 2010
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
FRIB isotope production
Hundreds of isotopes produced
Opportunity for materials: isotope “harvesting”
• Proposed for RIA
• Proposed for FRIB
Challenging prospect
• Collection: production rates, collection material
• Separation: elemental and isotopic
• Fabrication of secondary target
• Use of target: limited quantity, background rates
3LLNL-PRES-453472 ACS: Radiochemistry at FRIB 2010
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Isotope Applications - 1
Stockpile Stewardship
• Tracer reaction network
• Data for models of stockpile assessment
Forensics (origination of material)
• Data for reaction models
Homeland Security
• Data for models of interrogation systems
• Simulant threat sources
4LLNL-PRES-453472 ACS: Radiochemistry at FRIB 2010
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Isotope Applications - 2
Nuclear Safeguards
• Next generation reactors
• Transmutation schemes
Astrophysics
• Nucleosynthesis: r-process, s-process
• Stellar environments
Nuclear structure
• Evolution of excited states, reaction models
5LLNL-PRES-453472 ACS: Radiochemistry at FRIB 2010
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Target materials
Common theme:
• Fission products
• Actinides
General process:
• Collection
• Chemically separate
• Isotopically separate
• Irradiate with neutrons or light ions (surrogates)
6LLNL-PRES-453472 ACS: Radiochemistry at FRIB 2010
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Isotope collection sites
Beam dump
“soup” of isotopes
challenging separation
Mass slits
select isotopes
potentially easier separation
7LLNL-PRES-453472 ACS: Radiochemistry at FRIB 2010
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Target preparation
Three main steps
• Chemical separation
• Isotope separation
• Foil fabrication
Process will be highly element/isotope dependent
Need long half-lives
• Separation takes time
• Radiation safety
• Secondary experiments: background
8LLNL-PRES-453472 ACS: Radiochemistry at FRIB 2010
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Chemical Separation
Precipitation (solid/liquid)
Volatilization (distillation; gas/liquid)
Ion exchange column (complex/effluent)
Chromatography (migration through porous medium)
Solvent extraction (organic/aqueous)
Electrochemistry (anion/cation)
Lanthanides and actinides are challenging
• Numerous oxidation states
• Oxidation/reduction schemes
• Hot waste stream
9LLNL-PRES-453472 ACS: Radiochemistry at FRIB 2010
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Isotope Separation
Some lighter masses can be isotopically separated with