Fresh Facts 2005 · aTotal wine industry crushed 142,000 tonnes of grapes in 2005 up from 74,500 tonnes in 1995. Source: New Zealand Winegrowers Annual Report 2002 & 2005; New Zealand

Exports 2-3

Export destinations 4-5

Sector profiles

WINE .................. 6-7FRUIT .................. 8-13FLOWERS ............. 14-15VEGETABLES ......... 16-19

Regional resources 20-23

Regional investment 24

Associated sectors 25

Imports/exports 26-27

A united voice 28-29

Food & nutrition 30-31

Information sources 32-33

FreshFactsNEW ZEALAND HORTICULTURE 2005

Unless stated otherwise all statistics are for the year ending 30 June 2005 and expressed as $NZ. Exports are given as free on board (fob) values. Imports are given as cost, insurance, freight included (cif) values.

Fresh Facts, formerly called Horticulture Facts and Figures, published annually since 1999 by HortResearch - The Horticulture & Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd. Further copies are available from: HortResearch, Marketing & Communications, Private Bag 92 169, Mt Albert, Auckland, Tel: 09-815 4200, www.hortresearch.co.nz

Compiled by: J P Kerr, E W Hewett & A G Aitken, Martech Consulting Group Ltd, PO Box 31 308, Milford, Auckland 9, Tel: 09-489 5627, www.martech.co.nz

ISSN 1177-2190 ISBN 0-477-10014-7 1

A culture of innovative thinking

New Zealand horticulture is undergoing an exciting period of change. Now a $2.3 billion export industry, it is leveraging a history of excellence and innovation to grow a bright future.

HortResearch is proud to present here the remarkable success story of New Zealand horticulture 2005, as well as examples of the breakthrough science and progressive business thinking that are generating new products and systems that will carry the industry forward.

Paul McGilvary CEO, HortResearch

2 3

> Horticultural exports have grown from $115 million in 1980 to over $2.3 billion in 2005.

> Horticultural exports were 7% of New Zealand merchandise exports in 2005.

> Horticultural exports have grown steadily from 1970 (2% of agricultural exports) through to 2005 (11% of all NZ food and fibre exports).

> Kiwifruit represented 31% of our horticultural exports, followed by wine (19%), apples (17%), processed/frozen vegetables (11%) and fresh vegetables (9%).

> Domestic sales of horticultural products were estimated at $2.5 billion. The total revenue of the horticultural industry exceeds $4.8 billion.

For more information visit www.stats.govt.nz

Horticultural exports ($ million, fob)

Source: Statistics NZ.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Fruit - fresh Vegetables - fresh Flowers, seeds & plants

Fruit - processed Vegetables - processed Wine

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Produce from New Zealand’s horticultural industries exceeds $4.8 billion

Source: Statistics NZ; domestic sales: various.

New Zealand horticulture is driven by exports, not domestic sales.

Fruit exportsfresh & processed

$1.3 b

Fruit householdspend $0.9 b

Veg householdspend $0.7 b

Other hortdomestic spend

$0.9 b

Veg exportsfresh & processed

$0.5 b

Other hortexports$0.5 b

Exports

Horticultural exports ($ million, fob)Year ended June 1965a 1975a 1985a 1995b 2000b 2005b

Fresh fruit- Apples 5.0 19.3 108.2 343.6 404.5 387.0- Kiwifruit 2.9 171.9 320.8 462.0 720.2- Other fresh fruit 0.6 0.8 28.4 57.6 96.1 79.6

Total fresh fruit 5.6 23.0 308.5 722.0 962.6 1186.8Processed fruit- Juices - fruit 0.1 9.6 30.5 24.7 34.1- Other processed fruit 0.1 1.7 40.3 44.3 55.1 65.7

Total processed fruit 0.1 1.8 49.9 74.8 79.8 99.8Fresh vegetables- Onions 0.2 1.2 17.7 92.6 78.6 61.6- Squash 14.6 57.7 60.3 72.1- Other fresh vegetables 0.7 1.9 11.6 49.8 74.4 66.3

Total fresh vegetables 0.9 3.1 43.9 200.1 213.3 200.0Processed vegetables- Beans (processed) 30.7 16.2 36.6- Peas (frozen) 0.5 1.5 22.0 34.3 40.6 36.6- Potatoes (frozen) 14.1 17.9 54.3- Sweetcorn (frozen/dried) 0.2 0.8 9.5 30.6 39.3 42.7- Mixed vegetables (frozen) 4.6 23.9 29.1 36.0- Other vegetables 0.8 2.4 20.9 44.9 31.3 57.5

Total processed vegetables 1.5 4.7 57.0 178.5 174.4 263.7Wine 0.1 3.0 42.0 169.8 432.7Flowers & foliage 0.2 10.5 49.9 46.7 38.5Seeds & bulbs 0.1 0.6 2.1 13.9 31.2 56.7Plants & other products 6.3 20.8 20.9 24.7Total exports in current $ 8.2 33.5 481.2 1,302.0 1,698.7 2,302.9Horticultural exportsas % of NZ merchandise exports. 2.0 4.4 7.0 6.5 7.4

Source: aBollard (1996) bStatistics NZ

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Potatoes (frozen)

ApplesWine

Peas (frozen)Beans (processed)Flowers & foliageSweetcorn (frozen/dried)

Seeds & bulbs etcOnionsOther fresh vegetablesSquash

Other processed vegetablesProcessed fruit

Kiwifruit

Other fresh fruit

Other products

Horticultural exports 2005 ($ million, fob)

4 5

USA$230m [$77m]Wine ............ $113mApples ........... $42mKiwifruit ........ $16mFruit juice ...... $10mFlowers .......... $10mDried veg ......... $7mLive plants ...... $6m

Hong Kong$30m [$34m]Kiwifruit ...... $12mApples ........... $5m

Fiji $22m [$15m]Potatoes ....... $8m

European Union countries$250m [$319m]Kiwifruit ...... $174mApples ........... $65m

Hong Kong

China$15m [$0.6m]Kiwifruit ..... $6m

USA

Canada$24m [$14m]Wine .......... $14mApples ......... $5m

Central & South American countries$8m [$11m]

Middle East$14m [$10m]

African countries$12m [$7m] Other Pacifi c Islands

$28m [$18m]Fresh veg ............. $9mFrozen veg ........... $6mOther Asian

countries$33m [$12m]

South Korea$75m [$9m]Kiwifruit ......$59mSquash ..........$7m

Japan$475m [$325m]Kiwifruit ............ $254mSquash ................ $63mSweetcorn ........... $24mProcessed fruit .... $19mOnions ................. $16mCapsicums ........... $15mMixed veg ........... $14mOrchids ................ $11mFlowers .................. $9mAsparagus ............. $8mPeas ...................... $7mBulbs / tubers ........ $6mWine ...................... $6mVegetable juice ..... $5mSphagnum ............. $6m

Taiwan$77m [$31m]Kiwifruit ......$31mApples .........$30mCherries .........$6m

Italy $36m [$4m]Kiwifruit ...... $31mItaly $36m [$4m]

Spain $82m [$0.6m]Kiwifruit ......... $75mApples .............. $6m

Netherlands$129m [$15m]Apples ...............$85mVeg seeds ..........$13mWine ..................$13mOnions .................$6mBulbs / tubers ......$6m

Malaysia $27m [$18m]Processed veg ...$9mApples ................$5mBlackcurrants ....$5m

Singapore$20m [$31m]Apples ............... $5m

Australia $336m [$142m]Wine .................... $87m Fruit juice ...........$13mProcessed veg ..... $36m Sweetcorn ..........$12mKiwifruit .............. $32m Capsicums ..........$10mAvocados ............. $27m Tomatoes ..............$7mPotatoes .............. $22m Processed fruit .....$7mPeas ..................... $15m Beans ...................$5m

...............$85m

Scandinavia$12m [$14m]Wine ......... $7m

UK$287m [$145m]Wine ........$162mApples .......$79mOnions .......$17mKiwifruit ....$13m

Germany $38m [$21m]Apples ............... $27m

Export destinations for New Zealand horticultural products - trends since 1995 ($ million, fob)

> Fruit, vegetables & fl owers were exported to 108 countries around the globe in 2005. This is an increase from 99 countries in 1995.

> Exports to 46 countries exceeded $1 million in 2005, up from 41 in 1995. Of these 46 countries, exports to 19 exceeded $10 million, up from 14 in 1995.

> The key export markets for New Zealand fruit and vegetables are the European Union, Japan, USA and Australia. All have grown during the past decade.

Short term trends

> Exports to Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia have decreased by >15% compared with 2004: whereas exports to Ireland, Korea, and South Africa have increased by >25%. Exports to the major Japanese and Australian markets have increased by 14% over 2004 and exports to continental Europe have decreased by 4%.

> New Zealand exports to many diverse markets. Also, the diversity of products exported is notable, especially to Japan and Australia which each receive over 60 products. Many Pacifi c Islands import a similar wide range of horticultural products.

> Japan is the dominant market for fl owers (53%) and UK for wines (38%).

> Horticultural exports to Japan, UK and Taiwan exceeded 10% of all New Zealand’s exports to those countries.

For more information visit www.stats.govt.nz

Countries shown are those defi ned as the export destinations. Note that there are exports to the European Union as well as direct exports to countries within the EU such as the Netherlands, Spain and Germany. Values following the country name are for 2005 (and those in brackets for 1995).

Entries only included if value to a destination exceeds $NZ5 million.Source: Statistics NZ.

Horticulture helps to build New Zealand’s profi le overseas in many markets.

Germany $38m [$21m]

Belgium $14m [$10m]Onions ........$9m

Spain $82m [$0.6m]

France $12m [$3m]Apples ................$6m

Export destinations

54

Eastern Europe$2m [$9m]

6 7

Sector profi les

Grape and wine productionVariety Production area (ha) Production (tonnes)

1995 2005 1995 2005Sauvignon Blanc 936 7,043 11,015 63,297Chardonnay 1,385 3,804 12,346 29,741Riesling 289 811 2,949 4,792Müller Thurgau 885 137 15,387 2,144Semillon 183 240 2,528 2,388Pinot Gris 22 489 na 1,655Other white vinifera 571 513 14,170 5,081Cabernet Sauvignon 526 614 4,360 3,018Pinot Noir 415 3,757 4,480 14,578Merlot 282 1,492 2,660 9,194Other red vinifera 171 503 2,088 3,517Undefi ned 445 1,599 543 0Total 6,110 21,002 72,526 139,405a

RegionAuckland/Northland 215 514 1,938 1,131Waikato/Bay of Plenty 118 148 617 210Gisborne 1,356 1,890 22,289 22,493Hawke’s Bay 1,776 4,249 20,632 28,098Wairarapa/Wellington 189 779 933 1,649Tasman/Nelson 70 646 683 2,454Marlborough 2,123 9,944 24,509 81,034Canterbury/Waipara 215 853 756 895Otago 46 978 168 1,441Not assigned to region 2 1,001 1 0Total 6,110 21,002 72,526 139,405a

aTotal wine industry crushed 142,000 tonnes of grapes in 2005 up from 74,500 tonnes in 1995.Source: New Zealand Winegrowers Annual Report 2002 & 2005; New Zealand Winegrowers Statistical Annual 2001 & 2005.

> Wine valued at $433 million was exported to 74 countries. Exports have increased from $41 million in 1995, and were up 44% on 2004.

> UK ($162m - up 35% on 2004), USA ($113m - up 42% on 2004) and Australia ($87m - up 57% on 2004) are the major markets taking 84% of exports.

> The 2005 grape harvest was 142,000 tonnes, down 13% on the record 2004 vintage.

Red varieties(30,307 tonnes)

Merlot 7%Cabernet Sauvignon 2%Other red vinifera 3%

White varieties(109,098 tonnes)

Müller Thurgau 2%Riesling 3%

Other white vinifera 4%Semillon 2%

Pinot Gris 1%

SauvignonBlanc 45%

Chardonnay21%

PinotNoir 10%

Grape production by variety (2005 vintage)

Source: New Zealand Winegrowers Annual Report 2005.

> Total wine sales reached a record 96 million litres, with exports (53%) exceeding local sales for the fi rst time.

> Sauvignon Blanc (71%), followed by Chardonnay (9%) and Pinot Noir (5%) are the dominant export wines.

> The national producing vineyard is 21,002 hectares which is over three times the 1995 area. Vineyard area expanded 15% above 2004 acreage with increases throughout the South Island and the east coast of the North Island.

> Marlborough produced 58% of grapes crushed in 2005, with 20% from Hawke’s Bay, 16% from Gisborne and 6% from other regions.

> Wine valued at $151 million (cif) was imported in 2005 with the main countries of origin being Australia ($107m), France ($22m), Italy ($10m) and South Africa ($5m).

> Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand practices are used on 11,593 hectares, which is over 50% of the national vineyard.

For more information visit www.nzwine.com

WINE

7

Growth in wine exports and wineries between 1995 and 2005

Source: NZ winegrowers Annual Report 2005.

Wine exports ($ million, fob)

Number of wineries

2005

Wine exports ($ million, fob)

Number of wineries

20051996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

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Researchers map the secrets of wine success

Researchers from some of New Zealand’s best-known science organisations are exploring the secrets of New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc, asking “What makes our wines unique?”

Armed with $14.5 million in funding from industry and the Foundation for Research Science and Technology, the project is strongly supported by the Marlborough Wine Research Centre.

The University of Auckland is taking a lead research position, examining the role of yeasts in wine fl avour and aroma, and seeking new yeasts that can further enhance consumer’s sensory experience.

HortResearch scientists are complementing this work with a full sensory investigation of New Zealand wine. A specialist panel is mapping the tastes and aromas that make our wine so distinct, and discovering how small changes in composition can alter the wine experience for drinkers from different consumer or ethnic groups.

7

8 9

Annual per capita consumption of apples 2002 - 2004 (kg/person)

Source: World Apple Review 2005.

> Fresh apples valued at $387 million were exported to 58 countries. Exports were 20% down on 2004. Exports of apple preparations and juice were $33 million.

> 71% of export apples by value went to EU countries (including UK), 12% to North America and 13% to Asia.

> There were 90 exporters of apples in 2005, with 42 exporting more than 1,000 tonnes.

> Grower numbers have declined by 44% since 1995 and packhouse numbers have decreased by 35% since 2000.

> World production of apples, which increased by almost 4% per annum during the 1990s, has slowed and the rate of increase has dropped below 1% per year. China produces about 21 million tonnes each year, which is 35% of world production. New Zealand exports 0.3 million tonnes.

> New Zealanders ate 15 kg per person in 2004, which is comparable with the average EU consumption, but well above Australia and Japan at 6 kg per person.

> New Zealand was ranked second behind Chile among 28 apple producing countries in 2004, judged on 22 criteria including production effi ciency, industry infrastructure and inputs, fi nancial and market factors. France, Italy, Netherlands, Austria, and Belgium were next in line (World Apple Review 2005).

For more information visit www.pipfruitnz.co.nz

Industry statisticsSeason 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Crop volumes (’000 tonnes)Apples produced 582 620 486 502* 508 501 474Fresh apples exported 305 330 282 315 322 367 322General statisticsYield (tonnes/ha) 41.6 43.9 34.2 42.9 41.8 41.2 40.5Area planted (ha) 14,000 14,114 14,200* 11,715 12,150 12,150* 11,700*Growers (No.) 1,645 1,488 1,200* 1,000* 900 917 920Packhouses (No.) na 130 125 125 125 102 85

* Estimate only.Source: Statistics New Zealand; Pipfruit New Zealand Inc.; Fruit Research Council of NZ.

Sector profi les PIPFRUIT

0 10 20 30 40

Poland

Norway

NetherlandsItaly

Turkey

Germany

New Zealand

China

USA

Brazil

Australia

UK

Japan

Pure pipfruit advantage

New Zealand exports over 50% of its apple and pear crop and relies on global markets to survive. Competition is fi erce, but the pipfruit industry is fi ghting back by playing to its strengths: quality, purity, creativity and spirit.

Our fruit is among the best and safest in the world, thanks to innovative orchard techniques and 100% adoption of integrated or organic fruit production programmes. New Zealand systems use inputs with very low environmental impacts, providing a safe eating experience for the consumer and protecting the environment.

The New Zealand pipfruit industry ‘Trustmark’ is now pushing home that image, leaving consumers in no doubt about where their fruit comes from and how good it will look and taste.

New Zealand is combatting cut-price opposition with a potent story emphasising that New Zealand fruit deserves its price premium and that emphasises every kiwi apple and pear as a limited edition product to be valued and enjoyed.

The pipfruit industry ‘Trustmark’.

9

From left: Sweetie™, Crispie™ and Maxi™.

Joint venture sets future course for pipfruit innovation

New Zealand’s continued reputation as a global innovator in pipfruit cultivar development has been secured through a new joint venture company, Prevar.

Taking its name from the “Premium varieties” it will offer, Prevar represents a fresh approach to new cultivar development and marketing.

The international joint venture brings together pipfruit growers from New Zealand and Australia, fruit science company HortResearch and the Associated International Group of Nurseries. Together the partners have secured funding of $2.4m annually for the HortResearch pipfruit breeding programme, assuring ongoing development of new and exciting apple and pear cultivars.

Prevar will license new cultivars worldwide and in 2005 launched its fi rst new apple, a Royal Gala alternative called Sweetie™, as well as two new pears, Crispie™ and Maxie™ .

10 11

Industry statisticsSeason (ends 31 March) 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Crop volumes (million)Trays submitted 55.8 54.2 65.5 70.0 64.1 66.1 85.8Trays sold 49.9 51.8 61.5 64.7 61.3 65.1 79.7General StatisticsYield (trays/ha) 5,492 5,295 6,445 6,933 6,175 6,247 7,847Production area (ha) 10,161 10,234 10,159 10,100 10,376 10,580 10,934Growers/suppliers (no) 2,335 2,541 2,506 2,504 2,719 2,703 2,760Packhouses (no) 190 113 102 106 101 98 88Coolstores (no) 125 103 98 101 99 86 89

A tray weighs 3.6kg.Source: Zespri Group Ltd Annual Report 2004-05; Kiwifruit New Zealand Annual Report 1998.

> In 2004 the kiwifruit industry celebrated the fi rst century since the introduction of kiwifruit seeds to New Zealand from China by Isobel Fraser in 1904.

> New Zealand kiwifruit valued at $720 million were exported to over 60 countries in 2005. Export earnings are estimated to be spread over the crop as follows: ZESPRI™ GREEN (73%), ZESPRI™ GOLD (24%), and ZESPRI™ GREEN ORGANIC (3%). These exports were up 9% on 2004.

> Crop yields in 2005 were up 26% over the previous year.

> The export crop comprised 80 million trays: 62 million trays of ZESPRI™ GREEN (77%), 15 million trays ZESPRI™ GOLD (19%), and 3 million trays ZESPRI™ GREEN ORGANIC (4%).

> The average orchard gate return was $38,500 per production hectare; comprising $37,600 for ZESPRI™ GREEN, $37,000 for ZESPRI™ GREEN ORGANIC, and $44,900 for ZESPRI™ GOLD.

> Kiwifruit plantings in 2005 increased to 8,677 hectares for ZESPRI™ GREEN (up 1%), to 1,746 hectares for ZESPRI™ GOLD (up 22%), and decreased to 511 hectares for ZESPRI™ GREEN ORGANIC (down 8%).

> Approximately 0.7 million tonnes of kiwifruit enter world trade each year, which is dominated by Italy (35%), New Zealand (32%) and Chile (15%). China has an estimated 50,000 hectares of kiwifruit planted.

Sector profi les KIWIFRUIT

11

New Zealand kiwifruit yields exceed those of other countries (tonnes per hectare)

Source: FAOSTAT Agricutlure Data www.fao.org last updated July 2005.

Kiwifruit production profi le (tray equivalents, millions)

Source: Zespri Group Ltd Annual Report 2004-05; Kiwifruit New Zealand Annual Report 1998.

0 10 15 20 25

Spain

FranceItaly

Chile

New Zealand

South KoreaUSA

Greece

Japan

5

> Offshore plantings of ZESPRI™ GREEN and ZESPRI™ GOLD on orchards in Italy, France, Japan, Korea, Chile and USA, reached 840 hectares (up from 685 hectares in 2004). Fruit from these orchards, marketed under the ZESPRI brand, returned $25 million in 2005.

> The Kiwifruit Innovation Advisory Board with representatives from industry, research science and ZESPRI was established in 2005 to oversee the industry R&D programme. ZESPRI and HortResearch have established a collaborative R&D partnership.

For more information visit www.zespri.com

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Other

ZESPRI™ GREENORGANIC

ZESPRI™ GOLD

ZESPRI™ GREEN

2004

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

ZESPRI™ GREEN ZESPRI™ GOLD

ZESPRI™ GREEN ORGANIC Other

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Kiwiberry – the perfect marriage of health and convenience

Today’s consumers lead busy lifestyles and seek foods that are quick and easy to eat, as well as tasty and nutritious. Plant breeders at HortResearch have a fruit that meets all these needs, Actinidia arguta, a bite-sized kiwifruit that can be eaten whole.

While not a new fruit – public domain selections are produced around the world – A. arguta does represent a new opportunity for New Zealand to add an exciting and novel fruit to its established product offering.

The HortResearch A. arguta selection is protected by a Plant Variety Right (a type of plant patent) and fruit produced in New Zealand is being marketed as “Kiwiberry.”

The fruit is sometimes referred to as the Baby Kiwi, and not just because of its taste. Kiwifruit is one of the most nutrient-dense of all the major fruits and the Kiwiberry is no exception. Beneath its hairless, edible skin, is a sweet fl esh that offers high levels of vitamin C.

12 13

Other fresh and processed fruit Sales value ($m)Crop areas as at Growersa,b Planted areaa Crop volumeb Domesticb Exportc (fob)30 June 2002 (no.) (ha) (tonnes) 2004 2005Avocados 1,350 4,400b 22,000 13.9 29.0Berryfruit 285 2,754 13,630 26.2 14.3- Blackberries 114- Blackcurrants 50 1,308 2,260 1.7- Boysenberries 45 239 1,500 1.5- Raspberries 65 302 1,500- Blueberries 70 430 850 9.2- Strawberries 125 275b 6,500 15.4 5.1- Mixed

Citrus 519 2,093 19,000 16.4 5.0- Grapefruit 82- Lemons 364 5,000 2.0- Mandarins 334 911 7,000 2.4- Oranges 573 9,000 0.6- Tangelos 163

Feijoas 200 198 500 1.7 0.1Grapes - table 112 0.5Hops 25 420 800Nashi 90 119 1,400 1.2 0.4Nuts 1,841- Chestnuts 100 615 200- Macadamias 358- Walnuts 479- Other nuts 389

Olives 1215b 2,460b

Passionfruit 70 240 0.5Pears 965 7.1Persimmons 88 282 3,000 0.6 5.8Summerfruit 333 2,915 15,708 57.0 15.9- Apricots 635 3,678 5.1- Cherries 550 1,598 10.5- Nectarines 528 5,067 0.1- Peaches 808 3,535- Plums 394 1,830 0.1

Tamarillos 175 270 740 1.4 0.6Other fruit 174 0.4Total fresh fruit 117.5 79.6

Processed fruit Fruit used for processing is produced on the orchard areas described aboveApple juice 45.9 25.2Avocado oil 0.6 2.2Other fruit juices 92.1 8.9Other fermented beverages 0.2Dried fruit & nuts 1.7Frozen fruit [boysenberries-$4.2m, kiwifruit $2.2m, blueberries - $2.0m] 10.1Fruit preparations [apples $8.3m, blackcurants $10.9m, kiwifruit $1.9m] 27.6Hops 1.0 5.4Jams, jellies and purees 18.1Olive oil 2.3b 0.4Total processed fruit 99.8

Sources: aStatistics NZ - Agricultural Census 2002, bSector estimates, cStatistics NZ. Blank entries indicate that either the information is not available or items are valued at less than $100,000.

Sector profi les OTHER FRUIT

> Most fruit exports, except berryfruit and avocados, declined on 2004 values.

> Fresh berryfruit exports were similar to 2004 values, with blueberries and strawberries being the dominant exports.

> Avocado exports increased 7% on 2004 values.

> Exports were down 22% on 2004 values for cherries ($11m) and 25% for pears ($7m). Exports of persimmons ($6m) fell 28% on 2004 values.

> Domestic markets are signifi cant for citrus ($16m), berryfruit ($26m) and summerfruit ($57m).

For more information visit www.hortnz.co.nz, www.summerfruitnz.co.nz and www.nzhops.co.nz

The world’s fi nest oils

New Zealand culinary oils are fast establishing themselves as novel, high-value niche products.

Avocado oil, praised for its high smoke point (255C compared with 200C for olive oil) and benefi cial monosaturated acids, has been described by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver as “the next ‘it’ ingredient.” New Zealand’s unique use of cold-press technology allows production of the very fi nest quality oil and creates a valuable point of difference.

Health and quality are also essential selling points for New Zealand olive oil. Producers are seeking scientifi c proof of the health benefi ts their oils offer, as well as to create a new “elite” category of oil above the current ‘extra virgin’ certifi cation.

Underpinning this research is a HortResearch study that uses sensory analysis to create fl avour profi les. This will help to defi ne and differentiate New Zealand oils as well as enabling the industry to tailor products to specifi c markets.

13

Berryfruit sales ride health wave

Global publicity about the health-giving potential of dark coloured fruits has made berryfruit one of the world’s ‘hottest’ crops.

Consumers are rushing to purchase a vast number of berryfruit products and blackcurrants are proving particularly popular, with Asian and United States demand for New Zealand-produced fruit and fruit extracts exceeding supply.

Specialist blackcurrant extracts company Just the Berries is leading the market. With funding from the Foundation for Research Science and Technology, the company has developed technologies to extract the goodness from blackcurrant skins, building a million-dollar market for freeze-dried blackcurrant powder. The extract is used in health foods, drinks and tablets.

High quality New Zealand fruit is a crucial component in Just the Berries’ success.

14 15

Exports of fl owers, plants, seeds and other products ($ million, fob)1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005

Cut fl owers & foliage- Hydrangeas 1.5 2.8- Lilium 1.5 1.9 0.5 0.4- Nerines 0.6 0.5 0.6- Orchids 2.8 8.2 14.6 22.4 16.7 18.4- Paeonies 0.5 1.6 1.2- Pittosporum 0.6 0.4- Proteaceae 0.3 0.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1- Sandersonias 0.2 5.6 3.1 1.0 0.8- Zantesdeschias 1.9 6.6 7.7 6.3 5.5- Other foliage 2.9 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3- Other fl owers 4.6 7.8 19.9 8.5 9.3 7.0

Plants- Live plants 6.3 2.5 3.5 5.6 14.9 15.7

Seeds- Flower seeds 0.5 <0.1 0.3 2.1 1.4 0.3- Vegetable seeds 1.2 2.1 7.3 15.9 27.5 30.2- Tree seeds 1.6 1.6 1.0

Bulbs, tubers, corms- Lilium 9.5 9.4- Sandersonias 2.8 2.2- Tulips 5.0 6.4- Zantesdeschias 1.5 3.3 5.4- Others 0.4 2.0 6.3 10.1 1.1 1.8

Sphagnum moss 11.0 17.3 15.3 8.6 9.0*Total 19.0 36.9 84.6 98.8 115.2 119.9

* Estimate only.Source: Statistics NZ.

Refer to previous page for data on hops.

Sector profi les FLOWERS, PLANTS, SEEDS & OTHER PRODUCTS

20050

5

10

15

20

25

30Bulbs, tubers & corms

Vegetable seeds

1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Exports of bulbs, tubers & corms, and vegetable seeds ($ million, fob)


Vegetable seeds – kiwi advantage secures growth

Vegetable seed exports have steadily increased from $7 million in 1995 to $30 million in 2005. The seeds are exported to over 40 countries, but the dominant importers are the Netherlands (43%), Japan & South Korea (19%), and France & Italy (12%). New Zealand offers several comparative advantages to the international seed companies. These include effective crop pollination, high quality production and harvesting systems, out of season production and the opportunity for seed companies to spread risk.

Red Dragon builds exclusive export niche

Plucked from obscurity to become one of the hottest new blooms on global markets, Red Dragon is set to continue evolving with a range of new colours.

Years of research by West Coast Orchids transformed Red Dragon from a small bromeliad specimen into a long-stemmed fl ower with valuable commercial returns.

The unique, brilliantly red, single spike bromeliad is believed to be the fi rst of its type in the world and is highly productive. Owners of small, potted bromeliads are lucky if their plants produce one fl ower per year, but Red Dragon fl owers prolifi cally. At present over 100,000 stems are exported each year, and it is hoped new colours will lift exports above one million.

With funding from the Foundation for Research Science and Technology, Red Dragon’s breeders are seeking orange, yellow and purple variants that will help build established markets and open up new export opportunities.

> Exports of cut fl owers and foliage have increased from $11 million in 1985 to $39 millionin 2005, with a high of $49 million in 2002.

> Over 95% fl owers are handled by 11 exporters.

> There are signifi cant exports of orchids ($11m), Zantesdeschia fl owers and tubers ($4m), Sandersonia tubers ($2m) and Lilium bulbs ($3m) to Japan.

> Bulb exports have doubled since 2000; with signifi cant exports of tulip bulbs to Netherlands ($3m) and USA ($2m); and Lilium bulbs to Netherlands ($2m) and Australia ($2m).

> There are over 2,000 fl ower growers. Approximately 400 are full-time producers.

> The domestic market for cut fl owers is estimated to be $70 million.

For more information visit www.nzfl owers.com

16 17

Fresh and processed vegetables Sales value ($ million, fob)Crops as at Growersc Planted Crop volumec Domesticc Exports 200530 June 2005 (no.) area (ha) (tonnes) 2004 Fresh Processedb

Asparagus 150 1,800c 4,680 6.5 5.3 7.0Beans 197 835 20,000 12.8 36.6Brassicas 260 3,900 85,000 80.3 1.1- Broccoli 80 2,400 25,000- Cabbage 80 700 40,000- Caulifl ower 100 800 20,000

Capsicums 133 87 11,500 29.3 25.7Carrots 110 1,831 65,000 41.3 5.7 0.5Cucurbits 223 283 1,770 41.3 0.1Garlic 27 268 1,427 6.5 0.6Kumara 89 985 17,500 33.8Lettuce 227 1,287 39.1 1.4Melons 42 387 1.0Mushrooms 10 40 8,500 41.1 1.8Onions 136 4,294c 165,000 25.0 61.6Peas 505 8,273 63,000 45.0 36.6Potatoes 276 11,289 500,000 342.0 12.3 57.0Pumpkin 119 1,033 31,000Silverbeet/Spinach 96 396 4,000 13.4Squash 119 8,443c 93,337 9.8 72.1Sweetcorn 279 6,384 96,500 28.0 0.8 43.3Tomatoes - greenhouse 292 120c 40,000 105.0 8.5Tomatoes - outdoor 58 625 50,000 5.0 4.5Mixed vegetables Made from combinations

of the above crops36.0

Dried vegetables 25.5Vegetable juices 6.6Other Vegetablesa 2,029 2.0 10.1Total 2,657d 54,589 905.2 200.0 263.7

aIncludes taro, celery, parsnips, spring onions, Asian vegetables (excl. Chinese cabbage), yams, witloof, leeks, vegetable shoots, shallots, swedes and some others. bProcessing includes freezing, canning, juicing, and artifi cial drying.cSector estimates. Blank entries indicate that the information is not available. dMany growers produce multiple crops.Sources: Horticulture NZ 2005.

More than 50 different types of vegetables are grown in New Zealand for consuming fresh or for processing. In recent years there has been an increase in the range and volume of New Zealand grown Asian vegetable varieties for local consumption.

> Vegetable exports comprising fresh vegetables ($200m) and processed vegetables ($264m) went to 71 countries.

> Squash (36%) and onions (31%) dominate fresh vegetable exports. Capsicum exports ($25.7m) have increased in recent years.

> Squash exports were up 35% on 2004 and onion exports down by 33% for the same year.

> Japan (52%) is the major market for fresh vegetables, while Australia (46%) is the main market for processed vegetables.

> Potatoes, sweet corn, mixed vegetables, peas, and beans are the major processed and frozen vegetables exported.

> The fresh vegetable sector has approximately 1,285 growers who produce over 50 crops with a farm gate value of $304m.

Sector profi les VEGETABLES

> Over all sectors there are 2,599 growers in New Zealand who together farm over 50,000 ha and employ 25,000 people.

> Many growers produce multiple crops each year, and crop types can vary from year to year. For several crops the barrier to entry is low.

> Data for domestic sales are incomplete but sales at the retail level are estimated to exceed $1 billion.

For more information visit www.hortnz.co.nz

Vegetable exports increased between 1996 and 2005 ($ million, fob)


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1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

17

Vital Vegetables® explores functional food possibilities

Vital Vegetables® is a multi-partner, trans-Tasman programme that seeks to better understand the health-giving properties of vegetables, and deliver these to consumers.

The NZ$22 million dollar initiative brings together Horticulture New Zealand, Ausveg (Australian Vegetable and Potato Growers Federation Inc), Horticulture Australia Ltd, Crop & Food Research and the Department of Primary Industries, Victoria. The project is also supported by the New Zealand government’s Foundation for Research, Science and Technology.

Research is targeted in a number of areas including the identifi cation and measurement of phytochemicals known to promote good health, retaining phytochemicals during processing, the exploration of possible health components contained in non-digestible parts of vegetables and understanding freshness and fl avour.

Vital Vegetables is targeting development of vegetables that contain increased levels of health-giving substances. The fi rst of these is expected to be a broccoli with added punch against cancer.

17

18 19

Sector profi les VEGETABLES


Fresh vegetables

Japan

Other Pacific Islands

USA

Other Asian countries

Other countries

Australia

Malaysia

UK

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

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Destinations of vegetable exports 2005 ($ million, fob)


18 19

New Zealand companies produce high technology washing and grading systems that lead the world

Fruit and vegetable exports have stimulated the innovative design and development of grading and sorting equipment for over 40 years. New Zealand companies now have state-of-the-art technologies that are sought after in many international markets.

An example is WYMA Engineering of Christchurch. In the late 1990s Wyma invented the rotary barrel brush washing system known as the Vege-Polisher and this technology now dominates the vegetable washing market in New Zealand, Australia and Europe (with an estimated 90% of all potatoes and carrots being washed by this process). The Vege-Polisher is the industry standard for washing potatoes, carrots and other root crops and is now used in over 23 countries. Wyma export’s 92% of their product to countries as diverse as UK, Switzerland, Oman, Israel and USA.

Other examples of world class graders produced by New Zealand manufacturers include:

- Compac Sorting Equipment – 70% exports - produces machines that sort fruit and vegetables by size, colour and sweetness, and detect blemishes at rates of 10-15 per second.

- Lynx Horticultural Systems - 60% sales offshore. Lynx graders are dominant in handling pear crop in Oregon State.

- BBC Technologies - produce 80% of berryfruit sorting machines purchased in USA.

- Oraka Technologies - sell grading equipment for asparagus to 10 countries.

Smart technologies used to control pests on vegetables

Integrated pest management (IPM) technology provides vegetable producers with a means of deciding when to spray crops to control pests – with optimum impact on quality and minimum cost.

During the 1970s scientists observed that pests could develop resistance to pesticides, particularly synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates. This prompted alternative control methods to be considered. The life cycles of pests were studied and factors identifi ed that determine pest numbers on target crops. This information is key to the IPM methods now used to control pests on vegetable brassicas (cabbages, caulifl owers, and broccoli), process tomatoes, sweetcorn, potatoes, squash, lettuce and onions.

IPM programmes are dependent on crop monitoring of pest numbers on each vegetable crop by growers and trained crop scout specialists. IPM methods enable growers to:

- spray only when prescribed threshold numbers of pests are exceeded

- minimise risks of target pests adapting to specifi c sprays

- select pesticides that will not harm natural predators

- monitor resistance of the target pests to pesticides

- reduce pesticide use and lower costs.7.5m high suction trap: Aphidwatch.

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Regional resources

Horticultural activities are distributed throughout New Zealand

Climate information copyright holder and source: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA).

For more information visit www.niwascience.co.nz/ncc

Auckland 7,893 haAsian veg MandarinsBroccoli OlivesCabbage OnionsCaulifl ower PersimmonsChestnuts PumpkinGreenhouse crops SilverbeetLettuce

1108 2066 13 1987Climate station: Auckland airport

Manawatu/Wanganui 7,156 haAsparagus ParsnipsBeans PeasBroccoli PotatoesCabbage PumpkinCarrots SquashCaulifl ower

967 1736 38 1381Climate station: Palmerston North

Marlborough 12,877 haCherries SweetcornGarlic Wine grapesOlives

668 2435 53 1320Climate station: Blenheim Research

Gisborne 7,856 haLemons SquashMandarins SweetcornOranges

1014 2176 33 1677Climate station: Gisborne Airport

Northland 4,159 haAvocados MandarinsKumara OrangesLemons TamarillosMacadamias

1671 1964 12 1912Climate station: Kerikeri

Southland 214 ha

955 1602 73 595Climate station: Gore

Taranaki 421 ha

1440 2173 15 1425Climate station: New Plymouth

Wellington 2,063 haOlives

979 1923 62 1172Climate station: Masterton, Waingawa

Canterbury 16,666 haBeans OlivesBlackcurrants OnionsBroccoli PeasCabbage PotatoesCarrots PumpkinsCaulifl ower SweetcornGreenhouse crops WalnutsLettuce

652 1960 84 1097Climate station: Lincoln

Otago 4,019 haApricots PeachesCherries PlumsNectarines Walnuts

365 2007 148 1068Climate station: Alexandra

land 214 ha

Westland Sphagnum moss

2227 1832 26 1111Climate station: Westport Airport

Tasman/Nelson 6,013 haApples HopsBlackcurrants PearsBoysenberries Raspberries

942 2405 88 1222Climate station: Nelson Airport

Waikato 7,951 haAsparagus OnionsBlueberries PotatoesMelons

1166 2001 61 1520Climate station: Hamilton, Ruakura

Bay of Plenty 11,550 haAsparagus KiwifruitAvocados TamarillosCitrus

1214 2250 42 1734Climate station: Tauranga Airport

Hawke’s Bay 19,570 haApples PlumsApricots PumpkinAsparagus SquashNectarines SweetcornOlives TomatoesPeaches Wine grapesPears

760 2090 59 1385Climate station: Lawn Rd, Whakatu

Fruit Reference

Vegetables Regional Boundary Crop is named when the regional area exceeds 10% of the national crop area. Some 4,971 ha of crops could not be assigned to a specifi c region.

Climate summaries (Mean annual values for 1971-2000)

Rainfall Sunshine Ground frost Heat units (mm) (hours) (days) (degree days)*

* One degree day is accumulated when the average daily temperature is above 10.0°C for one day. Eg An average daily temperature of 15.0°C will generate 5 degree-day units.

Regional BoundaryCrop is named when the regional area exceeds

24 2525

Regional investment

Bees – a vital contributor to horticulture

> Bees pollinate crops and play a big part in their yield.

> Honey production was above the 6-year average of 9,044 tonnes.

> Honey exports exceeded $33 million in 2005. UK is the largest market ($11m) and exports to Australia, Japan and Singapore each exceed $4m. Bees and bee products earned another $2.1 million. Domestic honey consumption is about 5,000 tonnes.

> Some 292,928 hives, owned by 2,947 beekeepers.

Bay of Plenty, Coromandel,Poverty Bay 15%

Northland, Auckland,Hauraki Plains 13%

Waikato, King Country,Taupo 11%

Hawke’s Bay, Taranaki,Manawatu, Wairarapa 15%

Marlborough,Tasman,

Westland 8%

Canterbury 16%

Otago,Southland 22%

New Zealand honey crop (9,689 tonnes)

Source: MAF Horticulture Monitoring Report 2005, Statistics NZ.

> Total investment in horticulture exceeds $24 billion.

> Horticultural enterprises represent a signifi cant capital investment on farms, orchards & greenhouses of about $10 billion in land, buildings and equipment.

> The off-farm capital investment to package, process and transport the products to the nearest port and/or domestic market, at $14 billion.

> The ratio of on-farm to off-farm investment varies across the individual sectors. Kiwifruit off-farm investment is about 20% of on-farm investment, whereas wine approaches 300% of on-farm investment.

> Horticultural enterprises operate at many scales. Off-orchard packhouses and processing plants allow many small holdings to be economic for growers. This structure encourages new grower entrants.

Investment in the horticultural industriesCrop area On-farm Off-farm

(ha) ($ million) ($ million)Apples, pears & nashi 11,889 904 904Wine grapes 21,002 3,360 10,081Kiwifruit 10,934 3,608 722Summerfruit 2,915 87 87Avocados 4,400 132 132Citrus 2,093 63 63Berryfruit 2,754 83 83Nuts 1,841 55 55Olives 2,460 74 74Other subtropical fruit 352 11 11Hops 420 42 126Other fruit 871 26 26Total fruit 61,931 8,445 12,363Potatoes 10,611 186 278.5Peas & beans 9,108 159 318.8Onions 4,294 75 75.1Squash 8,443 148 147.8Sweetcorn 6,384 112 223.4Broccoli, cabbages & caulifl owers 3,900 68 68.3Carrots 1,831 32 32.0Asparagus 1,800 32 63.0Lettuce 1,287 23 33.8Other vegetables 6,093 107 159.9Total vegetables 53,751 941 1,401Protected - high tech 40 60 18

- greenhouse tomatoes 120 300 90- low/medium tech 423 296 89

Total horticultural 116,265 10,083 14,086Sources: Statistics NZ - Agricultural Production Census - 2002; MAF Horticulture, Pipfruit & Arable Monitoring Reports 2005; New Zealand Winegrowers Annual Report 2005; Zespri Group Ltd Report 2004-05; Sector estimates.

Associated sectors

Organic production

New Zealand production under organic systems is increasing. Current data is limited, but the formation in late 2005 of a new national body Organics Aotearoa New Zealand provides an umbrella organisation for all organic sector organisations and improved data are expected in future years.

Total production area (ha, agriculture/horticulture/dairy combined)1999 2004 2005 % change

16,500 64,506 73,196 +13%Sources: certifi ers; BioGro, AgriQuality, BioDynamic, Organic Farm NZ.

Dominant horticulture organic crops2004 2005 % change

ZESPRI™ GREEN ORGANIC kiwifruit (trays) 2.3m 2.7m +17%Organic apples (‘000 tonnes) 16.5 17.3 +5%

Sources: BioGro, Zespri International Annual Report 2005.

Horticultural training

Trainees by category (as at 30 September 2005)

Horticultural trainees are increasing - up to 1,569 trainees in 2005 from 763 in 2001.

Source: Horticultural Industry Training Organisation Inc.

Garden centre retail 1%

Vegetables 4%

Forest nursery 0%

Landscape 9%

Floriculture 1%

Viticulture 2%

Organics 0%

Aboriculture18%

Fruitproduction

19%

Nurseryproduction

15%

Amenity31%

26 2726 27

0200 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

ExportsImports

400 1400

Freshfruit


Wine

Seeds, plants, etc

Flowers

Olive oil

Processed fruit

Fresh vegetables

Comparisons of imports and exports ($ million)


0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Australia (oranges,melons, grapes,wine, orange juice,nuts, tomatoes,processed fruit,frozen vegetables)

Spain (olive oil)Turkey (dried fruit)

Philippines (pineapples, bananas)Italy (olive oil, wine, processed tomatoes)

USA (oranges, summerfruit, grapes, nuts)

France (wine)China (apple juice, nuts)

Netherlands (bulbs & seeds)

Equador (bananas)

Chile (grapes)

Thailand (processed fruit)Brazil (orange juice)

Other countries

Fiji (processed vegetables)

The origin of fruit and vegetable imports ($ million, cif)

These countries send us more than $10 million (cif) fruit and vegetables.

Many of these crops are not grown in New Zealand… others complement our own seasonal production.

Products named when import value exceeds $5 million.


The quantities of New Zealand’s fruit and vegetable exports are only a small percentage of international trade in each sector. New Zealand kiwifruit exports represent about 33% of world trade, frozen sweet corn about 9%, apples, squash and onions 3 to 5%; and capsicums, frozen potatoes, avocados and blueberries each exceed 1%.

New Zealand’s place in the global fruit and vegetable scene - 2004

The world’s fruit bowl is very large and the world’s vegetable bowl is even larger. For both fruit and vegetables only a small percentage of total production is traded internationally. New Zealand is a small player and targets niche markets.

Grapes 13.2% Apples 12.3%

Other deciduous 15.9%

Oranges 12.5%

Berries 1.5%

Other tropical 21.1%

Bananas 14.2%

Kiwifruit 0.2%

Grapes 13.2% Apples 12.3%

Other deciduous 15.9%

Bananas14.2%

Kiwifruit 0.2%

Cabbages, caulis 6.3% Other fresh vegetables 33.2%

Other roots & tubers

3.1%

Sweet potatoes 9.3%

Melons, cantaloupes

9.0%

Onions, garlic 5.4%

Potatoes 23.8%

Tomatoes 8.6%

Source: FAOSTAT Agriculture Data. www.fao.org. Source: FAOSTAT Agriculture Data. www.fao.org last updated July 1005.

Other citrus 9.1%

New photo to come

Imports/exports

vegetables 33.2%

Sweet potatoes 9.3%

Melons, cantaloupes

Onions, garlic 5.4%

Tomatoes 8.6%

New photo to come

Source: FAOSTAT Agriculture Data. www.fao.org last updated July 1005.www.fao.org last updated July 1005.www.fao.org

Peas & beans 1.3%

The world fruit bowl (503 million tonnes) The world vegetable bowl (1,354 million tonnes)

28 29

During 2005 New Zealand horticulture celebrated past achievements, and set a course for future growth.

Horticulture New Zealand – strength in unity

In 2005 New Zealand’s fruit and vegetable growers established a new representative body to provide a united voice for their industry.

Born of a realisation that New Zealand’s fruit and vegetable sector is facing new opportunities and challenges that require a strong, united voice, Horticulture New Zealand combines the resources and expertise of the former NZ Vegetable and Potato Growers, NZ Fruitgrowers and NZ Berryfruit Growers federations, in a single organisation.

An advocate for the industry, Horticulture NZ represents the country’s 7000 fruit and vegetable growers and provides strategic direction and focus for the sector. The new organisation is a nationwide voice on important issues such as border security, trade policy, resource management plans, compliance costs and food regulations.

Horticulture NZ will champion a number of causes crucial to the continued growth of the sector. These include:

- Industry leadership – providing a unifying industry vision for the horticulture sector that increases collaboration between product, sector, regional and district groups. This will enhance the industry’s ability to respond to and infl uence decisions that affect it, and to develop and encourage industry-wide projects that benefi t all growers.

- Industry profi le – introducing New Zealanders to the horticulture industry; its diversity, innovation and its contribution to regional development, the economy, and to the health and wellbeing of all New Zealanders.

- The right to grow and farm – advocating for the industry to protect the natural resources that are essential to growers’ ability to use best practise to grow and export their produce.

- A positive business environment – addressing issues that have a direct impact on growers’ businesses.

For more information visit www.hortnz.co.nz

Growing Futures – celebrating and encouraging innovation in horticulture

Evolution and refi nement are defi ning characteristics of New Zealand horticulture. The sector sets itself apart from competitors through the development of new, locally-inspired fruits, vegetables and foods, as well as world-leading systems and technologies. During 2005 several key innovators within the horticulture sector joined forces to celebrate the contribution innovation has made to New Zealand’s $2.3 billion horticulture export industry.

HortResearch, Crop and Food Research and ZESPRI Group Limited, supported by New Zealand Trade and Enterprise, developed the Growing Futures brand, intended to signal both recognition of achievements, and confi dence in future opportunities.

Through a number of detailed case studies the Growing Futures initiative details how smart thinking is shifting New Zealand Horticulture into valuable new market spheres. These include burgeoning exports of high-tech grading equipment, rapidly expanding sales of culinary oils, offshore adoption of locally-developed growing systems and software management tools, as well as the establishment of global partnerships and license agreements for producing and marketing New Zealand-owned and controlled fruit cultivars.

These studies show how refi ned industry thinking has replaced volume with value, moving New Zealand Horticulture beyond commodity markets and into a position of global niche dominance.

Growing Futures also celebrates the role of science in creating a highly-charged horticulture industry, capable of leading the world. New Zealand’s unique ‘science family’ and effective co-operation between producers, marketers and researchers is credited with opening numerous opportunities for our exporters to be fi rst to market with new varieties, fl avours and new processed foods and health products.

Once fully established, it is hoped the Growing Futures brand will serve as a champion for continued innovation, and become a byword for excellence in horticulture.

For more information visit www.growingfutures.com growingfutures

A united voice

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30 31

Blue/PurpleContain phytochemicals such as anthocyanins andphenolics, which have potential antioxidant andanti-aging benefi tsInclude: Blackberries, blueberries, blackcurrants, purplegrapes, plums, prunes, raisins, purple cabbage, eggplant,purple Belgian endive, purple peppers, potatoes (purple fl eshed)

GreenContain phytochemicals such as lutein and indoles, which have potential antioxidant, and health-promoting benefi tsInclude: Avocados, green apples, green grapes, honeydew, kiwifruit, green pears, artichokes, asparagus, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, beans, celery, cucumbers, endive, leafy greens, leeks, lettuce, green onions, okra, peas, green pepper, spinach, watercress, zucchini

White/BrownContain varying amounts of phytochemicals eg allicin, found in the onion familyInclude: Bananas, brown pears, dates, white nectarines, white peaches, caulifl ower, garlic, ginger, Jerusalem artichoke, kohlrabi, mushrooms, onions, parsnips, potatoes (white fl eshed), shallots, turnips, white corn

Orange/YellowContain varying amounts of antioxidants such as vitamin C as well as carotenoids and biofl avonoids, which have health promoting potentialInclude: Yellow apples, apricots, cantaloupe, grapefruit, gold kiwifruit, lemon, mangoes, nectarines, oranges, peaches, yellow pears, persimmons, pineapples, tangerines, melon, butternut squash, carrots, yellow peppers, yellow potatoes, pumpkin, sweetcorn, sweet potatoes, yellow squash

RedContain phytochemicals such as lycopene and anthocyanins with potential health-promoting propertiesInclude: Red apples, cherries, cranberries, red grapes, pink/red grapefruit, red pears, raspberries, strawberries, watermelon, beets, red peppers, radishes, red onions, red potatoes, rhubarb, tomatoes

Source: 5aday.co.nz

Strawberries

Cabbage

OrangesCarrots

Potatoes

Cauliflower

Nectarines

Grapes

Mandarins

BananasTomatoes

ApplesMushrooms

BroccoliLettuce

Kumara

OnionsCapsicums

PearsKiwifruitCucumber

Avocados

Pumpkins etc

Other fruit

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Other vegetables (equals $182 million)

New Zealand consumer spend on fruit and vegetables ($ million)

New Zealanders spend over $2.0 billion on fruit and vegetables each year.

New Zealanders spend over:$622 million on fresh vegetables$463 million on fresh fruit$425 million on processed fruit & vegetables$529 million on wine each year.

Source: Statistics NZ - Household Economic Survey for year ended 30 June 2004.

A mix of fruit and vegetables adds value to daily healthA balanced diet includes deeply coloured fruits and vegetables that provide the vitamins, minerals, fi bre, and phytochemicals needed to maintain good health, protect against the effects of aging and reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease.

Food & nutrition

For more information visit www.5aday.co.nz & www.crop.cri.nz30

Trends that impact on New Zealand’s horticultural foods

1. Consumer power: Products will be infl uenced by marketers and others striving to meet the demands of increasingly sophisticated consumers.

2. Convenience rules: ‘Convenience foods’ can be eaten on the move and are quick for home cooking – but concern that they should be healthier.

3. Increasing customisation of food: People are expecting food to be designed to suit their time, energy, health and leisure needs.

4. Health as a driver of food consumption: Public health legislation is shifting in support of food products to enhance human health and wellness.

5. Environmental sustainability: Horticulture programmes are combining economic criteria (eg yield and quality) with environmental criteria (eg sustainability and producer welfare).

6. Food safety: Consumers want to know that their food is safe. Food certifi cation and tracking products from source to consumer is increasing.

7. Increasing competition: Traditional international trade barriers are being lowered, and more global competition will result.

8. BioDigital: Information technology, combined with other new technologies, will enable biological systems to be monitored and managed using real-time decision making.

9. Convergence of sectors: Convergence of food, health and biotechnology will result in new products, with eg moves to produce functional or fortifi ed foods/ nutraceuticals, and introducing vaccines through food products.

32 33

Sustainable environment and safe foods

Today’s horticultural industries take account of community needs and work to ensure that:

- fresh and processed foods are safe- on-farm production systems are sustainable- on-farm practices are safe- national biosecurity programmes are effective.

Integrated Fruit/Crop Production and Integrated Pest Management practices are widely used in fruit and vegetable production. These practices are used to control pests and diseases and minimise the use of agrichemicals. Monitoring and ‘trace-back’ systems provide further quality assurance.

Most of New Zealand’s horticultural products are produced under these ‘best practice’ conditions because import standards in destination countries are increasingly aligned to these criteria.

Several agencies help in the discharge of these responsibilities.

> The GROWSAFE® training programmes educate farmers and growers in the use of agrichemicals. Special programmes are provided for agrichemical distributors, ground and aerial applicators. These are administered by the New Zealand Agrichemical Education Trust.

For more information visit www.growsafe.co.nz

> Biosecurity New Zealand is the division of MAF (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries) that has the lead role in preventing unwanted pests and diseases being imported into New Zealand, and for controlling, managing or eradicating them should they arrive. Countries to which we export have their own border controls with which we must comply. These are designed either to protect their crops and/or the health of their citizens.

For more information visit www.biosecurity.govt.nz

> The Resource Management Act (1991) brings together laws governing land, air and water resources. It concentrates on the environmental effects of human activities. The Ministry for the Environment has a key role in administering the Act, although local government has much of the responsibility for day-to-day environmental management.

For more information visit www.mfe.govt.nz

> The Environmental Risk Management Authority New Zealand (ERMA New Zealand) controls the introduction and release of new plants and animals into New Zealand, including genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and new and existing hazardous substances.

For more information visit www.ermanz.govt.nz

> Food Standards Australia New Zealand (formerly ANZFA) protects the health and safety of the people of Australia and New Zealand by maintaining a safe food supply.

For more information visit www.foodstandards.gov.au

Information sources

33

References used to compile this booklet:

1. Agricultural Census for year ended 30 June 2002. Agriculture Production Survey for year ended 30 June 2003. Household Economic Survey for year ended 30 June 2004. Export statistics for year ended 30 June 2005. Import statistics for year ended 30 June 2005. Statistics New Zealand, PO Box 2922, Wellington.

2. Annual Report ’99. Kiwifruit New Zealand. 52 pp. Zespri Group Ltd Annual Report 2004-05. 74 pp Zespri International Ltd. PO Box 4043, Mt Maunganui.

3. Bollard, E G ‘Further prospects for horticulture - the continuing importance of research’, New Zealand Fruitgrowers Charitable Trust, Wellington. 1996.

4. Pipfruit Monitoring Report, May 2005. 24 pp. Horticulture Monitoring Report, July 2005. 80 pp. Arable Monitoring Report, July 2005. 34 pp. Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry. PO Box 2526, Wellington.

5. Horticulture New Zealand, PO Box 10232, Wellington.

6. New Zealand Grape & Wine Industry Statistical Annual - 2001. 47pp. New Zealand Winegrowers Annual Report - 2002. 44pp. New Zealand Winegrowers Annual Report - 2005. 52pp. New Zealand Winegrowers. PO Box 90-276, Auckland.

7. Pipfruit New Zealand Inc., PO Box 11-094, Hastings.

8. World Apple Review - 2005 Edition. Belrose Inc. Pullman, Washington. USA. 130pp.

9. World Kiwifruit Review - 2005 Edition. Belrose Inc. Pullman, Washington. USA. 97pp.

10. Agricultural Production (Crops Primary). FAOSTAT Agriculture Data http://faostat.fao.org last updated 14 July 2005. Food & Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

11. Agricultural & Food Trade (Crops & Livestock - Primary and Processed). FAOSTAT Agriculture Data http://faostat.fao.org last updated 7 December 2004. Food & Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

ISSN 1177-2190 ISBN 0-477-10014-7

gratefully acknowledges contributions made by the following organisations:

Fresh Facts 2005 · aTotal wine industry crushed 142,000 tonnes of grapes in 2005 up from 74,500 tonnes in 1995. Source: New Zealand Winegrowers Annual Report 2002 & 2005; New Zealand

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