-k SCr a -Esmmx $ C00 VOL. 96, No. 2486 SAG T2, 2lci ON, $6 00 NEW. SEIE FRDY AUUS 21 1942 ..ouC~ 1 'Eyes Right" Has Never Meant So Much To America EVERY job in Production for Victory calls for top visual efficiency. Without concession to time, place or condition, work must go on. This means that eyes must function unfailingly and unflinchingly-at lathe, bench and on assembly line, in research and control laboratory, over drafting board and foundry flask. Upon the shoulders of the nation's eyesight specialists, skilled by training and experience in the correction of visual defects and conservation of human vision, rests the responsibility of fore- stalling eyestrain as an unconscious saboteur. As a maker of ophthalmic products-the instru- ments used in the scientific examination of the human eye, the spectacle lenses, frames and rimless mountings which these specialists use-Bausch & Lomb has an important part in America's war effort. In the development and manufacture of actual fighting equipment, such as rangefinders, aerial height finders, binoculars, aerial map-making equipment, Bausch & Lomb is serving the Armed Forces directly. At the same time, Bausch & Lomb is providing the metallographic equipment, the microscopes, spectrographs, contour measuring pro- jectors, optical glass and specialinstruments requir- ed by other manufacturers in filling military needs. The ideals, ability and resources which have made the name of Bausch & Lomb a symbol of precision and scientific integrity for 89 years are concentrated upon America's job at hand. BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL COMPANY * ESTABLISHED 1853 AN AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION PRODUCING OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR MILITARY USE, EDUCATION, RESEARC9, INDUSTRY AND EYESIGHT CORRECTION Science: pubished weehy by The Science Press, Lancaster, Pa. Entered as 8econd-ca matter JuIl 18, 1923, at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 8, 1879.
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-k SCr a -Esmmx $ C00
VOL. 96, No. 2486 SAG T2, 2lci ON, $6 00NEW.SEIE FRDY AUUS 21 1942 ..ouC~ 1
'Eyes Right" Has Never Meant So Much To AmericaEVERY job in Production for Victory calls for
top visual efficiency. Without concession totime, place or condition, work must go on. Thismeans that eyes must function unfailingly andunflinchingly-at lathe, bench and on assemblyline, in research and control laboratory, overdrafting board and foundry flask.Upon the shoulders of the nation's eyesight
specialists, skilled by training and experience inthe correction of visual defects and conservationof human vision, rests the responsibility of fore-stalling eyestrain as an unconscious saboteur.As a maker of ophthalmic products-the instru-
ments used in the scientific examination of thehuman eye, the spectacle lenses, frames and rimlessmountings which these specialists use-Bausch &Lomb has an important part in America's war effort.
In the development and manufacture of actualfighting equipment, such as rangefinders, aerialheight finders, binoculars, aerial map-makingequipment, Bausch & Lomb is serving the ArmedForces directly. At the same time, Bausch & Lombis providing the metallographic equipment, themicroscopes, spectrographs, contour measuring pro-jectors, optical glass and specialinstruments requir-ed by other manufacturers in filling military needs.The ideals, ability and resources which have
made the name of Bausch & Lomb a symbol ofprecision and scientific integrity for 89 years areconcentrated upon America's job at hand.
BAUSCH & LOMBOPTICAL COMPANY * ESTABLISHED 1853
AN AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION PRODUCING OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRUMENTSFOR MILITARY USE, EDUCATION, RESEARC9, INDUSTRY AND EYESIGHT CORRECTION
Science: pubished weehy by The Science Press, Lancaster, Pa.Entered as 8econd-ca matter JuIl 18, 1923, at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 8, 1879.
2S I N E A VET3MNA O.9,N.28
1l
ThreeSuccessful ~~~~~~~~~~~~~UniversitySuccessful By E. WERTHEIM, of ArkansasBooks | Tex book of Organic Chemistry
This text is being used with satisfaction in nearly 200 colleges. It is designed forstudents who will major in chemistry and for those enrolled in premedical or chemicalengineering courses. 110 Illus. 830 Pages. $4.00. (1939)
Laboratory Guide for Organic Chemistry-2nd EditionThis guide presents experimental material for a year's course in organic chemistry.
Directions for conducting experiments in the identification of compounds, and a shortsection on "spot tests" are included. $2.00. (1940)
Introductory Organic ChemistryPrepared for use in a brief course in organic chemistry, this new text stresses the
points of fundamental importance in the science. Its aim is to establish a link betweengeneral chemistry and the more specialized and advanced courses which follow. 82Illus. 482 Pages. $3.00. (1942)
Note I A Laboratory Guide for use with Introductory OrganicNoote * Chemistry will be ready for the fall classes.
THE BLAKISTON COMPANY, Philadelphia
1L
ON
GROWTH AND FORM*BY
D'ARCY W. THOMPSON
The long awaited new edition of this famous book, revised andenlarged, will be published on August 25. Price $12.50
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSTHE MACMILLAN COMPANY
60 Fifth Avenue, New York
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2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 96, NO. .1'2486
AUUT2,14 CENEAVRIEET
CRYSTALLINE BIOTIN ~uvdBIOTIN CONCENTRATES
The following solutions of crystalline biotin and biotin concentratesare supplied for research purposes only.
SMACO Solutions Crystalline Biotin suitable for standard-ization and microbiological assay procedures.
Crystalline Biotin (free acid)1 ml. ampuls-25 micrograms. . $4.00 each
SMAco Biotin Concentrates suitable for biological research.
Biotin Concentrate No. 200Standardized to contain 20 micro-grams per ml. of solution. BottlesOf 50 ml..........$ 5.00 each
Biotin Concentrate No. 1000Standardized to contain 100 micro-grams er ml. of solution. Vialsof 5 my.. . . . . . . . . 3.75 each
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We will be pleased to send on request an 8 x 10 glossy print oftypical biotin deficiency in the rat.
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WMG. U.S5. PA.T. 011.
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AuGuST 21. 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 3
4 .WIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 2486
At +1/50C Under Full LoadConditions
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WILMOT CASTLE COMPANY:1212 University Ave.,
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LaMotte Chemical Products Co.Dept. H Towson, Baltimore, Md.
THE SCIENCE PRESSPRINTING COMPANY
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LEA & FEBIGER, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Lea & Febiger Publications. Pp. 64.
MACM[ILLAN COMPANY, THE, New York.Spring Books, 1942. Pp. 114. Fall List for1942. Pp. 150. Books in Medicine-Surgery,Public Health and Allied Fields. Pp. 133. Cat-alogue for Nurses. Pp. 93.
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4 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 96, No. 2486
AUUT2,14 CENEAVRIEET
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SCIENCE-AD RTISEMENTS 5AruusT 21, 1942
6 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 2486
For the Physiological Laboratory
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6 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 96, NO. 2486
SCIENCEVOL. 96 FRIDAY, AUGUST 21, 1942 No. 2486
American Geology, 1850-1900: DR. BAILEY WILLIS ... 167 Special Articles:
Physics in Industry: DR. E. U. CONDON................................. 172 The Growth-Stimulating Effect of Biotin for theDiphtheria Bacillus in the Absence of Pimelic
Scientific Events: Acid: PROFESSOR VINCENT DU VIGNEAUD ANDOTHERS. A Biosynthesis of Biotin: DR. ROBERT
Recent Deaths; The Nutrition Foundation; The E. EAKIN and ESTHER A. EAKIN. Tetraploidy inIndustrial Nutrition Advisory Service; The Na- Antirrhinum Majus Induced by Sanguinarine Hy-tional Roster of Scientific and Professional Per- drochloride: THOMAS M. LITTLE ............... ........... 186sonnel; The Buffalo Meeting of the AmericanChemIca Society.174 Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory M~ethods:em itcal Society .......................................... 17
Bacterial Activity in Dilute Nutrient Solutions:Scientific Notes and News . . . . . 177 DR. CLAUDE E. ZOBELL and DR. CARROLL W. GRANT.
Preserving Plant Viruses in vitro by Means of aDiscussion: Simplified Lyophile Apparatus: T. P. DYKSTRA
The Blood Pressure in the Umbilical Vein of the and DR. H. G. DU Buy ................... 189Foetal Sheep: SIR JOSEPH BARCROFT AND OTHERS. Science News ................... 8Fusion of Top Soil by an Electric Arc: DR. KARLVER STEEG. Modern Facsimile Reproductions ofRare Technical Publications: DR. E. D. MERRILL 179
* ~~~~SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-Quotations: ment of Science, edited by J. MCKEEN CATTELL and pub-
Artificial Antibodies ... 181 lished every Friday byTHE SCIENCE PRESS
Scientificc Books:LacsePThe Fourier Series: PROFESSOR CHARLES N. MOORE. , ennaylvaniaHydrology: DR. NATHAN C. GROVER .................................... 183 Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.
Reports: SCIENCE is the official organ of the American Associa-tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-
The Pennsylvania Committee for the Promotion of ing membership in the Association may be secured fromScience in Secondary Education . 185 the office ofte e pepermanent secretar In the Smithsonianciene in econd ry Ed catio ...................................InstitutionsBuildingi Washingtong D., C.
AMERICAN GEOLOGY, 1850-19001
By Dr. BAILEY WILLIS
STANFORD UNMIITY
IN 1850 the knowledge of geology was in an earlyexploratory stage, especially in America. In Englandand Europe sufficient progress had been made in thestudy of the stratified rocks and their contained fossilsto contrast markedly with American lack of observa-tions. It could not have been otherwise. The firsttask of a geologist, entering upon a new field, is todiscover and locate the various rock formations. Hemust have a map, upon which to delineate their distri-bution. But in 1850 the mapping of America wasvery crude. Even the eastern country was knownonly in broad outline and the -west was imperfectlyexplored. Nevertheless, by 1850, material progress
1 Abstract of address before the American PhilosophicalSociety, February, 1942.
had been made in determining the ages and distribu-tion of the sedimentary rocks of the United Stateseast of the Mississippi and of Canada. Logan ofCanada, Hall of New York, the Rogers brothers ofPennsylvania and Virginia, Safford of Tennessee,and many others who felt the urge to read the recordin the rocks, had identified the strata of certain greatperiods of geological time, had classified them in orderof relative age, and had mapped them with suchaccuracy as the conditions permitted.
That they had been able to accomplish so much wasin part due to the fact that the great leaders in Englishgeology, Sedgewick and Murchison, had establishedfor that country a succession of strata and fossils,which is the same as that of eastern North America.