FRBR and Metadata Application Profiles

A centre of expertise in digital information management

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FRBR and Metadata Application Profiles

Peter Cliff, Research Officer, UKOLN, University of Bath, UK

Version Identification Workshop, London, UK, April 2008.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons LicenseAttribution-ShareAlike 2.0


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Thanks to…

• Ann Chapman, UKOLN

• Julie Allinson, University of York


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Overview

• Metadata

• Application Profiles

• DC Application Profiles

• A Domain Model: FRBR

• JISC Application Profiles

• Application Profiles in Practice


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Metadata & Metadata Schema

• Structured data that makes like easier

• Elements & attributes– Title: “FRBR & Metadata Application

Profiles”

• Elements grouped to form schema– Name and describe the elements


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Problems with Schemas

• Built by “standards makers”

• Large & complex

• Inflexible


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Application Profiles

• “Custom metadata schema built using existing schema”

• Allow implementers to “mix & match” schema to meet local needs

• Improved interoperability through links to the source schemas


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Before Application ProfilesStandards bodies &

metadata schema

Repositories &

metadata definitions User

Services


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Before Application ProfilesStandards bodies &

metadata schema

Repositories &

metadata definitions User

Legal:title

DC:titletitle

title

Services

title

?


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Enter Application ProfilesStandards bodies &

metadata schema

Repositories &

metadata definitions

Services

User

Legal:title

DC:titleDC:title

Legal:title Legal:titleDC:title


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When is a metadata schema not a metadata schema?Application Profiles:

• May draw on one or more schema

• May NOT introduce new elements

• May specify permitted schemas and values

• Can refine standard definitions


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• Artificial implied interoperability

• Element agreement only – attribute values do not have to match

Application Profiles: Issues

elementsMetadata

schemaNo matching elements!


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Dublin Core Application Profiles

• Singapore Framework– DCMI development by Mikael Nilsson,

Thomas Baker and Pete Johnston– Attempt to standardise the design and

documentation of application profiles for “maximum interoperability” “maximum reusability”


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DCAP Components

• Functional Requirements

• Domain Model

• Description Set Profile

• Usage Guidelines

• Encoding Syntax Guidelines

mandatory

mandatory

mandatory

optional

optional


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DCAP in Colour


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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)• IFLA study published in 1997/8, revised

February 2008.• User centric• Identifies four user tasks:

– Find– Identify– Select– Obtain

• “Allows room to dream of the ideal information retrieval system”


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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)“Seymour Lubetzky once said that ‘the

catalogue has to tell you more than what you asked for.’ … If a user starts a search with one idea in mind and is presented with additional options, the user may prefer an alternative resource that he or she did not know existed and, therefore, would not have asked for directly.”

Pat Riva, Introducing the FRBR and Related IFLA developments


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FRBR Domain Model

• 10 entities, 3 groups– Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item– Person, Corporate Body– Concept, Object, Event, Place


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FRBR: The Diagram

Item

Manifestation

Expression

Work

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

FRBR Group OneEntities & Primary Relationships

Source: Fig. 3.1 FRBR report


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w1: JS Bach’s Six Suites for Unaccompanied Cello

FRBR: Example

e1: Performances by Janos Starker, 1963-1965

e2: Performances byYo-Yo Ma, 1983

m1: LPs released in 1966 by Mercury

i1: Copy for sale at acousticsounds

i2: Copy for sale on eBay

m2: CD re-release in 1991 by Mercury

i1: Copy for sale at amazon.co.uk

i2: Copy in Bath Public Library

i3: Copy in University of Bath Library

m1: LPs released in 1983 by CBS

- no items available -

m2: CD re-released in 1992 by CBS

i1: Copy for sale at amazon.co.uk

i2: Copy in Bath Public Library


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w1: Minds, Madness and Application Profiles: A Study

FRBR: Example IIe2: Journal Article e3: Conference Paper

m1: Publisher PDF

i1: From journal Web site

i1: On shelf in Library

e1: Draft Journal Article

i2: In author’s repository

m2: Printed copy

m1: Author PDF

i2: From author’s laptop

i1: From author’s laptop

i2: In author’s repository

m2: Author Word Document

m1: PDF version of talk

i1: In Conference repository

m2: Printed copy

i1: In proceedings documentin conference pack

Lots of different versions and relationships. FRBR provides a framework to describe these.

etc.


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JISC Application Profiles

• For eprints: SWAP– January 2007

• For images:– draft 10th April 2008

• For geospacial:– In development, draft available

• For time-based media:• For learning objects:

– UK-LOM Core + new AP in development


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The SWAP Domain Model

ScholarlyWork

Expression0..∞

isExpressedAs

ManifestationisManifestedAs

0..∞

CopyisAvailableAs

0..∞

isPublishedBy

0..∞

0..∞isEditedBy

0..∞isCreatedBy0..∞

isFundedBy

isSupervisedBy

AffiliatedInstitution

Agent


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SWAP AttributesScholarlyWork

• title• subject• abstract• grant number• has adaptation• identifier

Expression

Manifestation

• title• description• date available• status• version number/string• language• genre/type• copyright holder• has version• has translation• bibliographic citation• references• identifier (URI)

• format• date modified• identifier (URI)

Copy

• date available• licence• is part of

Agent

• name• family name• given name• type of agent• workplace homepage• mailbox• homepage• identifier (URI)


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Application Profiles in Practice

• Complex metadata – who makes it?

• Still not local enough?

• JISC Investment & Promotion

• OSS vendors starting to implementhttp://www.ukoln.ac.uk/repositories/digirep/index/Community_Acceptance_Plan & after this

session!


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• Use application profiles to inform your metadata decisions


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SWAP AttributesScholarlyWork

• title• subject• abstract• grant number• has adaptation• identifier

Expression

Manifestation

• title• description• date available• status• version number/string• language• genre/type• copyright holder• has version• has translation• bibliographic citation• references• identifier (URI)

• format• date modified• identifier (URI)

Copy

• date available• licence• is part of

Agent

• name• family name• given name• type of agent• workplace homepage• mailbox• homepage• identifier (URI)


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• Use application profiles to inform your metadata decisions

• Contribute to draft application profiles

• Contribute to OSS developments & pester vendors


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Links

• Resources for this presentation can be found at:

http://del.icio.us/tag/vifws2008-frbr

• Slides available from: http://homes.ukoln.ac.uk/~lispdc/presentations/

(from 23rd April 2008 )


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Questions?

FRBR and Metadata Application Profiles

Documents

title dc

title legal

frbr domain model

match schema

frbr group

frbr report

printed copy i1

existing schema