_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits FRANKLIN SCHOOL DISTRICT FRANKLIN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ENERGY ASSESSMENT for NEW JERSEY BOARD OF PUBLIC UTILITIES CHA PROJECT NO. 24267 JULY 2012 Prepared by: 6 Campus Drive Parsippany, NJ 07054 (973) 538-2120
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FRANKLIN SCHOOL DISTRICT FRANKLIN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL … · 2013-11-07 · CHA PROJECT NO. 24267 JULY 2012 Prepared by: 6 Campus Drive Parsippany, NJ 07054 (973) 538-2120 _____ New
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_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits
FRANKLIN SCHOOL DISTRICT FRANKLIN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
ENERGY ASSESSMENT
for
NEW JERSEY BOARD OF PUBLIC UTILITIES
CHA PROJECT NO. 24267
JULY 2012
Prepared by:
6 Campus Drive
Parsippany, NJ 07054
(973) 538-2120
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5.1.1 New Jersey Pay For Performance Program ......................................................................... 12
5.1.2 New Jersey Smart Start Program ........................................................................................ 13
5.1.3 Direct Install Program ......................................................................................................... 14
6.0 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SCREENING EVALUATION ................................................ 15
6.1 Solar ............................................................................................................................................ 15
6.1.1 Photovoltaic Rooftop Solar Power Generation ................................................................... 15
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6.1.2 Solar Thermal Hot Water Plant ........................................................................................... 16
B Equipment Inventory C ECM Calculations D New Jersey Pay For Performance Incentive Program E Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation F Solar Thermal Domestic Hot Water Plant G EPA Portfolio Manager
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REPORT DISCLAIMER
This audit was conducted in accordance with the standards developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for a Level II audit. Cost and savings calculations for a given measure were estimated to within ±20%, and are based on data obtained from the owner, data obtained during site observations, professional experience, historical data, and standard engineering practice. Cost data does not include soft costs such as engineering fees, legal fees, project management fees, financing, etc. A thorough walkthrough of the facility was performed, which included gathering nameplate information and operating parameters for all accessible equipment and lighting systems. Unless otherwise stated, model, efficiency, and capacity information included in this report were collected directly from equipment nameplates and /or from documentation provided by the owner during the site visit. Typical operation and scheduling information was obtained from interviewing facility staff and spot measurements taken in the field.
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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Franklin Borough Board of Education engaged CHA to perform an energy audit in connection with the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities’ Local Government Energy Audit Program. This report details the results of the energy audit conducted for:
Building Name Address Square Feet Construction
Date Franklin Elementary School 50 Washington Ave, Franklin, NJ 07416 115,483 1915
The Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) identified in this report will allow for a more efficient use of energy and if pursued have the opportunity to qualify for the New Jersey SmartStart Buildings Program and/or Direct Install Program. Potential annual savings of either $78,700 or $180,600 for the recommended ECMs may be realized with a payback of 16.9 or 7.8 years respectively depending on whether ECM-1A or ECM-1B is implemented. A summary of the costs, savings, and paybacks for the recommended ECMs follows:
Summary of Energy Conservation Measures
Energy Conservation Measure
Approx. Costs
Approx. Savings ($/year)
Payback (Years)
w/o Incentive
Potential Incentive
($)*
Payback (Years)
Recommended For
Implementation ($) w/
Incentive
ECM-1A
Replace two steam boilers with oil boilers
489,000 24,000 >20 $
12,000 19.9 X
ECM-1B
Replace two steam boilers with gas boilers
532,000 125,900 4.2 $
12,000 4.1 X
ECM-2 Add VSD’s & Premium Motors to the four 7.5 HP pumps
20,000 7,100 2.8 $
4,600 2.2 X
ECM-3 Add VSD’s to the HV unit fans 15,000 1,000 15.0 $
2,300 12.7
ECM-4 Provide 55 F unoccupied set back from 65 F
1,000 6,300 0.2 $ -
0.2 X
ECM-5 Improve the domestic pressure boosting system
ECM-9 Lighting Replacements with Lighting Controls (Occupancy Sensors)
22,000 4,900 4.5 $
3,100 3.9 X
* Incentive shown is the maximum amount potentially available per the NJ SmartStart or Direct Install Programs.
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2.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
The Franklin Elementary School building is an 115,483 square foot facility consisting of three floors, including a basement. The building was constructed in 1915 with an addition or renovations in 1922, 1926, and 1970. The facility includes classrooms, offices, gyms, auditorium, and a media center. Regular school hours are 8:00 am – 3:00 pm Monday through Friday; with various after school activities. The school has approximately 506 students and 75 facility members. New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program, funded by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities, supports energy efficiency and sustainability for Municipal and Local Government Energy Audits. Through the support of a utility trust fund, New Jersey is able to assist state and local authorities in reducing energy consumption while increasing comfort.
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3.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS
3.1 Building - General
The 115,483 square foot building, constructed in 1915, includes classrooms, offices, gyms, auditorium, and a media center. Regular school hours are 8:00 am – 3:00 pm Monday through Friday; with various after school activities. The school has approximately 506 students and 75 facility members. The original building, with addition/renovations in 1922, 1926, and 1970, generally consists of a structural steel or pre-stressed concrete structure having brick exterior and interior gypsum wallboard finish. Insulation values vary with age to a potential maximum of R-13. The roof is a single ply rubber over built up rigid insulation. According to the facility manager the windows are original to the time of construction or modification. They are aluminum frame with single pane glass.
3.2 Utility Usage
Utilities include electricity, propane, fuel oil #2, and municipal water. Electricity is supplied by Jersey Central Power & Lighting (JCPL) and delivered by South Jersey Energy. Propane is supplied and delivered by Amerigas. Fuel oil #2 is supplied and delivered by Petroleum Traders Corporation. Water is paid for through the Franklin Board of Public Works. The complex has one electric meter serving the building, and another for the administrative trailer. From March 2011 through April 2012, the electric usage for all the facility was approximately 735,440 kWh at a cost of about $$100,400. Review of electricity bills during this period showed that the complex was charged at the following rates: supply unit cost of $0.119 per kWh; demand unit cost of $6.14 per kW; and blended unit cost of $0.137 per kWh. Electrical usage was generally higher in the summer months when air conditioning equipment was operational. From March 2011 through April 2012, propane-fired equipment consumed about 7,460 gallons of propane. Based on the annual cost of $15,700, the blended price for propane was $2.11 per gallon. Propane gas consumption was highest in winter months for heating. Based on the most recent year of data, fuel oil #2-fired equipment consumed about 38,010 gallons. Based on the annual cost of $122,900, the blended price for #2 fuel oil was $3.23 per gallon. Fuel oil #2 consumption was highest in winter months for heating. See Appendix A for a detailed utility analysis. The delivery component of the electric bills will always be the responsibility of the utility that connects the facility to the power grid or gas line; however, the supply can be purchased from a third party; as is currently the case with electricity. The electricity commodity supply entity will require submission of one to three years of past energy bills. Contract terms can vary among suppliers. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the average commercial unit costs of electricity in New Jersey during the same periods as those noted above was $0.141 per kWh. When compared to the average state values, it is recommended that the present electricity supplier be maintained.
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3.3 HVAC Systems
The school was built in three stages 1915 (original), 1920s and 1970s additions. The building is heated by two Cleaver Brooks 150 BHP low pressure steam boilers. The boilers use #2 fuel currently; however, originally #4 heavy oil was used. The boilers supply steam to a shell and tube heat exchanger that converts the steam to hot water. The hot water is pumped throughout the building by four 7.5 HP pumps operating in a lead/lag fashion. Steam condensate is fed back into the boilers by a duplex condensate receiver pump set having two 1/3 HP pumps. The #2 fuel oil is stored in an underground tank and pumped continuously to the burners by a small duplex oil pump set having two ½ HP motors. A propane tank supplies fuel for the burner’s pilots. The heating hot water is supplied to typical classroom unit ventilators, fin tube perimeter radiators, small unit heaters, convectors, and HV units. The HV units serve the gyms and auditorium only. There are two HV units that serve the gyms which have 5 HP motors. The auditorium has a single HV unit with a 5 HP motor. The units provide fresh air through modulating dampers. Toilet rooms are provided with roof mounted exhausts fans. General exhaust fans are provided for pressure relief and summer cooling only. The kitchen hood uses three wall mounted centrifugal exhaust fans. Cooling is provided to classrooms by independent ducted direct expansion (DX) split AC systems. There are also several rooms that use window AC units for summer cooling. A separate modular administration trailer has an independent propane fired boiler with a net input of 150 MBH. This system has two perimeter fintube heating zones controlled by non-programmable thermostats. Specifics on mechanical equipment are provided in the equipment inventory in Appendix B.
3.4 Control Systems
The entire building is controlled by a pneumatic control system. Time clocks are used to index each of the four zones from occupied to unoccupied mode. The facility maintenance manager reported that the night setback temperature is 65-68°F, but a colder setback temperature might be possible. The classrooms are currently maintained at 68-72°F during occupied times. Air conditioned spaces are manually maintained at 74-76°F during warm weather. Window air conditioning units are manually operated by occupants.
3.5 Lighting/Electrical Systems
The facility has upgraded most of the incandescent fixtures to compact florescent lighting (CFLs). Magnetic ballasts have been upgraded to electronic; and classroom, offices, common area, and corridor fixtures have been upgraded to four foot T-8 32W recessed fluorescent fixtures. Some areas still contain compact fluorescent spirals and incandescent bulbs, and metal halides are utilized in the gyms. The majority of lights are switched manually; exceptions are the auditorium and gyms. Parking lot lighting consists of pole mounted high pressure sodium light fixtures which are on a timer. The building exterior utilizes 250W MVR lamps.
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3.6 Plumbing Systems
3.6.1 Domestic Hot Water Domestic hot water is produced by a single AO Smith copper tube boiler with a gross input of 670 MBH which heats water to 160°F, then stored in a tank at 130°F. The tank has a capacity of approximately 1,000 gallons. The domestic hot water serves the student and staff toilet rooms and the kitchen sinks and dishwasher. The system is significantly oversized for the current demand as the building was once used as the high school and had student shower rooms that are no longer used. This system has a fractional horsepower recirculation pump that is operated by an aquastat control. 3.6.2 Domestic Cold Water The building is supplied with potable water from the local municipality. The system pressure was inadequate to enable the flush valves to operate on the second floor; therefore, a supplemental pressure boosting system was installed. This system uses a ¾ HP multi-stage pump and a small air compressor to maintain the building water pressure at 50 psig. The pumps and air compressor cycle frequently during occupied times, approximately 1 minute for each 3 minutes, or 20 minutes per hour.
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4.0 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
4.1 ECM-1A Replace Steam Boilers with Hot Water Boilers (Using No.2 Fuel Oil)
The building is heated using two (2) Cleaver Brooks 150 BHP low pressure steam boilers using #2 fuel oil. The boilers supply steam to a shell and tube heat exchanger that converts the steam to hot water, which is then pumped throughout the building. This ECM replaces the two steam boilers, condensate pump set, and heat exchanger with two similarly sized, oil fired hot water boilers. The conversion to Natural Gas was also evaluated in ECM-1b, below The annual boiler load was calculated from the gallons of fuel oil used annually per utility bills, boiler efficiency, and conversion from fuel oil #2 to MBH. The load was then compared to the proposed fuel oil usage of new boilers at the improved operating efficiency. The difference in fuel usage was the savings. Fuel oil-fired boilers have an expected useful life of 25 years, according to ASHRAE. Although well maintained, the existing boilers are vintage 1957- well past their useful life expectancy. The School district should consider the replacement of the boilers not solely based on the energy savings benefits, but also based on the long term maintenance savings of the new equipment. Replacing the steam boilers and related steam equipment and the heat exchanger will require some re-piping isolated to the boiler room and possibly re-working the boiler breeching. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below:
ECM-1A Replace Steam Boilers with Hot Water Boilers (Using Fuel oil)
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
Cost Maintenance Savings ROI Incentive* (without (with
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Smartstart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is recommended due to the condition of the boilers.
4.2 ECM-1B Replace Steam Boilers with Hot Water Boilers (Using Natural Gas)
This ECM replaces the two steam boilers, condensate pump set, and heat exchanger with four (4) condensing gas fired hot water boilers. Natural gas is currently not piped to the school building, but is located nearby. This ECM was evaluated to demonstrate the potential additional savings that could be realized if natural gas was made available by the local gas supplier. The annual boiler load was calculated from the gallons of fuel oil used annually per utility bills, assumed boiler/system efficiency, and conversion from fuel oil #2 to MBH. The load was then compared to the proposed natural gas usage of the new boilers at the improved operating efficiency. The difference in fuel usage was the savings. This ECM would be recommended in lieu of ECM-1A if natural gas could be distributed to the building. Condensing gas boilers offer the following benefits over oil fired boilers:
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No underground fuel storage tank and associated regulatory issues and insurances. No fuel oil pumps required. Better combustion efficiency and temperature control resulting in less fuel used and lower carbon
emissions. Less maintenance required. Smaller footprint- space savings Direct venting –elimination of masonry chimney
The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below:
ECM-1B Replace Steam Boilers with Condensing Gas Hot Water Boilers (Using Natural Gas)
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
Cost Maintenance Savings ROI Incentive* (without (with
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Smartstart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is recommended do to the condition of the boilers.
4.3 ECM-2 Add VSDs and Premium Motors
The hot water system is served by four 7.5 HP pumps operating in lead-lag. The pumps are constant volume with standard efficiency motors. Larger motors that continuously operate pumps consume unnecessary electrical energy. The hot water system pumps operate at a constant speed (water flow); however, the building load does not require all the flow to maintain temperatures. By adding variable speed drives (VSDs) and inverter duty motors and reducing the flow by slowing the motors down, significant electrical energy can be saved. The calculation used a setpoint of 55F and bin data to estimate annual heating hours, which were 4,427. The assumption of this calculation is that the operating hours, motor horsepower, and capacity stay the same. The energy savings result from operating higher efficiency motors and reducing power draw with the VSDs. VSDs have an expected life of 20 years, according to ASHRAE, and total energy savings over the life of the project are estimated at 1,042,000 kWh and $142,000. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below:
ECM-2 Add VSDs and Premium Motors
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
Cost Maintenance Savings ROI Incentive* (without (with
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Smartstart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities.
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This measure is recommended.
4.4 ECM-3 Add VSDs to the HV Unit Fans
The two HV units that serve the gyms have 5 HP motors. The auditorium has a single HV unit that has a 5 HP motor. Larger motors operating fans continuously consume significant electrical energy. The HVs operate at constant speed (air flow) even though the building load does not require all the flow to maintain temperatures. By adding VSDs and inverter duty motors, and reducing the flow by slowing the motors down, significant electrical energy can be saved. Space temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors are also used to reduce HV flow when space conditions permit. Adding VSDs to the HV unit fans and controlling speed based on setpoint temperature and space temperature will save energy. The calculation used a setpoint of 55F and bin data to estimate annual heating hours, which were 3,129. The assumption of this calculation is that the operating hours, motor horsepower, and capacity stay the same. The energy savings result from operating higher efficiency motors and reducing power draw with the VSDs. VSDs have an expected life of 20 years, according to ASHRAE, and total energy savings over the life of the project are estimated at 144,000 kWh and $20,000.
ECM-3 Add VSDs to the HV Unit Fans
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
Cost Maintenance Savings ROI Incentive* (without (with
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Smartstart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is not recommended.
4.5 ECM-4 Implement 55F Unoccupied Setback
The entire building utilizes a night setback control system temperature of 65F. Further reducing this setback temperature to 55F was assessed. The annual electricity and #2 fuel oil usage for the facility was taking from the utility bills. According to the US Energy Information Agency (EIA), implementing a night setback system typically saves 5% of a facility’s heating and cooling annual cost. This savings is multiplied by the annual fuel oil and electrical usage and converted to monetary savings using the unit cost of the fuel obtained from the utility analysis. Night setback controls have an expected life of 18 years, according to ASHRAE, and total energy savings over the life of the project are estimated at 14,400 gallons of fuel oil #2, 264,600 kWh, and $81,000. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below:
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ECM-4 Implement 55F Unoccupied Setback
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
* Does not qualify for an Incentive per the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is recommended.
4.6 ECM-5 Improve Domestic Pressure Boosting System
The building is supplied with potable water from the local municipality. Due to system pressure being inadequate to allow the flush valves to operate on the second floor, a supplemental pressure boosting system was installed. This system uses a ¾ HP multi-stage pump and a small air compressor to maintain the building water pressure at 50 psig. The pump and air compressor cycle frequently during occupied times, approximately 1 minute for each 3 minutes or 20 minutes per hour. Improving the domestic pressure boosting system was assessed. This measure includes replacing the existing ¾ HP pump motor with a higher efficiency inverter duty unit with variable speed control. The calculation used a setpoint of 55F and bin data to estimate annual heating hours, which were 4,427. The assumption of this calculation is that the operating hours, motor horsepower, and capacity stay the same. The energy savings result from operating higher efficiency motors and reducing power draw with the VSDs. Since this is a ¾ HP motor the savings are minimal. VSDs have an expected life of 20 years, according to ASHRAE, and total energy savings over the life of the project are estimated at 26,000 kWh and $4,000. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized as follows:
ECM-5 Improve Domestic Pressure Boosting System
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
Cost Maintenance Savings ROI Incentive* (without (with
Electricity LPG Fuel
Oil #2 Total Savings Incentive) Incentive)
$ kW kWh Gals Gals $ $ $ $ Years Years
3,000 0 1,300 0 0 200 0 200 0.0 0 15.0 15.0
* Does not qualify for an Incentive per the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is not recommended.
4.7 ECM-6 Replace Windows
The facility has 18,192 square feet of window area constructed with wood frames and single pane glazing. Due to age, construction type, and condition, the windows incur excess air infiltration and provide average thermal resistance to heat transfer. An assessment considered installing aluminum frame with double pane glazing to decrease heating energy losses.
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The calculation used bin hours to estimate the occupied and unoccupied bin hours. This was converted to energy for the occupied and unoccupied cases using the existing window U-factor and the heating and cooling temperature. The occupied and unoccupied cases are summed together to create the annual utility usage for the baseline. The same method was utilized to calculate the proposed utility usage. The difference between the baseline and proposed conditions results in an annual savings of about 8,900 gallons of oil. Windows have an expected life of 30 years, according to manufacturer, and total energy savings over the life of the project are estimated at 2,130,000 kWh for cooling and 267,000 gallons of #2 oil and $1,152,000. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below:
ECM-6 Replace Windows
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
Cost Maintenance Savings ROI Incentive* (without (with
* Does not qualify for an Incentive per the New Jersey SmartStart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is recommended due to age of windows.
4.8 ECM-7 Lighting Replacement/Upgrades
The classrooms have upgraded to electronic ballast and utilize 4 foot 32W T-8 fluorescent bulbs. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical power into useful light more efficiently than an incandescent lamp or T-12 bulbs. The gyms also use 400 W metal halides which consume significant electricity. A comprehensive fixture survey was conducted of the entire building. Each switch and circuit was identified, and the number of fixtures, locations, and existing wattage established (Appendix C). Upgrading some of the smaller T-8 U-tube fixtures to linear T-8 fixtures, and metal halides to large T-5 fixtures would provide additional energy reduction. Energy savings for this measure were calculated by applying the existing and proposed fixture wattages to estimated times of operation. The difference between energy requirements resulted in a total annual savings of 1,900 kWh with an electrical demand reduction of about 0.8 kW. Supporting calculations, including assumptions for lighting hours and annual energy usage for each fixture, are provided in Appendix C. Lighting has an expected life of 15 years, according to the manufacturer, and total energy savings over the life of the project are estimated at 28,000 kWh and $4,200. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below:
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ECM-7 Lighting Replacement / Upgrades
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
Cost Maintenance Savings ROI Incentive* (without (with
Electricity LPG Fuel
Oil #2 Total Savings Incentive) Incentive)
$ kW kWh Gals Kgals $ $ $ $ Years Years
3,000 0.8 1,900 0 0 300 0 300 (0.4) 300 10.0 9.0
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Smartstart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is not recommended in lieu of ECM-9.
Review of the comprehensive lighting survey determined that lighting in classrooms, restrooms and various other spaces, are typically operational, regardless of occupancy. Therefore, installing an occupancy sensor in these spaces to turn off lights when the areas are unoccupied was assessed. Using a process similar to that utilized in section 4.7, the energy savings for this measure were calculated by applying the known fixture wattages in the space to the estimated existing and proposed times of operation for each fixture. The difference between the two values resulted in an annual savings of 39,000 kWh. Ceiling mounted occupancy sensors with dimmer control are required for this measure. Occupancy sensors have an expected life of 15 years, according to the manufacturer, and total energy savings over the life of the project are estimated at 585,700 kWh and $80,000. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized as follows:
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Smartstart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is not recommended in lieu of ECM-9.
4.10 ECM-9 Lighting Replacements with Lighting Controls (Occupancy Sensors)
Due to interactive effects, the energy and cost savings for occupancy sensors and lighting upgrades are not cumulative. This measure is a combination of ECMs-8 and 7 to reflect actual expected energy and demand reduction. The lighting retrofits and controls have an expected lifetime of 15 years, according to the manufacturer, and total energy savings over the life of the project are estimated at 606,800 kWh and $73,200. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix C and summarized below:
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ECM-9 Lighting Replacements with Lighting Controls (Occupancy Sensors)
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
Cost Maintenance Savings ROI Incentive* (without (with
* Incentive shown is per the New Jersey Smartstart Program. See section 5.0 for other incentive opportunities. This measure is recommended.
5.0 PROJECT INCENTIVES
5.1 Incentives Overview
5.1.1 New Jersey Pay For Performance Program The facility will be eligible for incentives from the New Jersey Office of Clean Energy. The most significant incentives are available from the New Jersey Pay for Performance (P4P) Program. The P4P program is designed for qualified energy conservation projects applied to facilities whose demand in any of the preceding 12 months exceeds 100 kW. This average minimum has been waived for buildings owned by local governments or municipalities and non-profit organizations, however. Facilities that meet this criterion must also achieve a minimum performance target of 15% energy reduction by using the EPA Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool before and after implementation of the measure(s). If the participant is a municipal electric company customer, and a customer of a regulated gas New Jersey Utility, only gas measures will be eligible under the Program. Available incentives are as follows: Incentive #1: Energy Reduction Plan – This incentive is designed to offset the cost of services associated with the development of the Energy Reduction Plan (ERP).
Incentive Amount: $0.10/SF Minimum incentive: $5,000 Maximum Incentive: $50,000 or 50% of Facility annual energy cost
The standard incentive pays $0.10 per square foot, up to a maximum of $50,000, not to exceed 50% of facility annual energy cost, paid after approval of application. For building audits funded by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities, which receive an initial 75% incentive toward performance of the energy audit, facilities are only eligible for an additional $0.05 per square foot, up to a maximum of $25,000, rather than the standard incentive noted above. Incentive #2: Installation of Recommended Measures – This incentive is based on projected energy savings as determined in Incentive #1 (Minimum 15% savings must be achieved), and is paid upon successful installation of recommended measures. Electric
Base incentive based on 15% savings: $0.09/ per projected kWh saved. For each % over 15% add: $0.005 per projected kWh saved. Maximum incentive: $0.11/ kWh per projected kWh saved
Gas Base incentive based on 15% savings: $0.90/ per projected Therm saved. For each % over 15% add: $0.05 per projected Therm saved.
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Maximum incentive: $1.25 per projected Therm saved Incentive cap: 25% of total project cost Incentive #3: Post-Construction Benchmarking Report – This incentive is paid after acceptance of a report proving energy savings over one year utilizing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool. Electric
Base incentive based on 15% savings: $0.09/ per projected kWh saved. For each % over 15% add: $0.005 per projected kWh saved. Maximum incentive: $0.11/ kWh per projected kWh saved
Gas Base incentive based on 15% savings: $0.90/ per projected Therm saved. For each % over 15% add: $0.05 per projected Therm saved. Maximum incentive: $1.25 per projected Therm saved
Combining incentives #2 and #3 will provide a total of $0.18/ kWh and $1.8/therm not to exceed 50% of total project cost. Additional incentives for #2 and #3 are increased by $0.005/kWh and $0.05/therm for each percentage increase above the 15% minimum target to 20%, calculated with the EPA Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool, not to exceed 50% of total project cost. Under incentive #1 of the New Jersey Pay for Performance Program, the 115,483 square foot facility is eligible for about $1,400 toward development of an Energy Reduction Plan. When calculating the total amount under Incentives #2 and #3, all energy conservation measures are applicable as the amount received is based on site wide energy improvements. Since the overall energy reduction for the complex is estimated to exceed the 15% minimum, the building is eligible to receive monies based on Incentives #2 and #3 as discussed above in section 5.1.1. In total, incentives through the NJ P4P program are expected to total about $44,800 or 11,300 depending on whether ECM-1A or 1B is selected, reducing the total project payback from 17.2 years to 16.6 years for ECM-1A and 7.7 years to 7.7 years for ECM-1B. See Appendix D for calculations. 5.1.2 New Jersey Smart Start Program For this program, specific incentives for energy conservation measures are calculated on an individual basis utilizing the 2011 New Jersey Smart Start incentive program. This program provides incentives dependent upon mechanical and electrical equipment. If applicable, incentives from this program are reflected in the ECM summaries and attached appendices. If the complex qualifies and enters into the New Jersey Pay for Performance Program, all energy savings will be included in the total site energy reduction, and savings will be applied towards the Pay for Performance incentive. A project is not applicable for both New Jersey incentive programs. The facility is eligible for several incentives available under New Jersey Smart Start Programs. The total amount of all qualified incentives is about $19,400 and includes the following:
Replacing the two steam boilers Add VSDs & Premium Motors to the four 7.5 HP pumps Provide 55F unoccupied setback
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Replacing Windows Install Replacements with Lighting Controls (Occupancy Sensors)
5.1.3 Direct Install Program The Direct Install Program targets small and medium sized facilities where the peak electrical demand does not exceed 150 kW in any of the previous 12 months. Buildings must be located in New Jersey and served by one of the state’s public, regulated electric utility companies. On a case-by-case basis, the program manager may accept a project for a customer that is within 10% of the 150 kW peak demand threshold. Direct Install is funded through New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program and is designed to provide capital for building energy upgrade projects to fast track implementation. The program will pay up to 70% of the costs for lighting, HVAC, motors, refrigeration, and other equipment upgrades with higher efficiency alternatives. If a building is eligible for this funding, the Direct Install Program can significantly reduce the implementation cost of energy conservation projects. The program pays a maximum amount of $75,000 per building, and up to $250,000 per customer per year. Installations must be completed by a Direct Install participating contractor, a list of which can be found on the New Jersey Clean Energy Website at http://www.njcleanenergy.com. Contractors will coordinate with the applicant to arrange installation of recommended measures identified in a previous energy assessment, such as this document. The facility is potentially eligible to receive funding from the Direct Install Program. The total implementation cost for all ECMs potentially eligible for Direct Install funding is about $88,600 and includes:
Replacing the two steam boilers Add VSDs & Premium Motors to the four 7.5 HP pumps Provide 55F unoccupied setback Replacing Windows Install Replacements with Lighting Controls (Occupancy Sensors)
The program would pay 70% of these initial costs, leaving only the remainder to be paid out of pocket. Direct Install funding has the potential to significantly reduce the payback period of Energy Conservation Measures. For the facility, the Direct Install Program brings the simple payback of all measures from about 7.7 years, to approximately 7.2 years.
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6.0 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SCREENING EVALUATION
6.1 Solar
6.1.1 Photovoltaic Rooftop Solar Power Generation The facility was evaluated for the potential to install rooftop photovoltaic (PV) solar panels for power generation. Present technology incorporates the use of solar cell arrays that produce direct current (DC) electricity. This DC current is converted to alternating current (AC) with the use of an electrical device known as an inverter. The building’s roof has sufficient room to install a large solar cell array. However, there is not sufficient room to size a system to meet the demand of the building. For this analysis we will consider a 50KW system to help reduce usage. The PVWATTS solar power generation model was utilized to calculate PV power generation. The closest city available in the model is Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and a fixed tilt array type was utilized to calculate energy production. The PVWATT solar power generation model is provided in Appendix P. Federal tax credits are also available for renewable energy projects up to 30% of installation cost. Since the facility does not pay taxes this project is not eligible for this incentive. Installation of (PV) arrays in the state New Jersey will allow the owner to participate in the New Jersey solar renewable energy certificates program (SREC). This is a program that has been set up to allow entities with large amounts of environmentally unfriendly emissions to purchase credits from zero emission (PV) solar-producers. An alternative compliance penalty (ACP) is paid for by the high emission producers and is set each year on a declining scale of 3% per year. One SREC credit is equivalent to 1000 kilowatt hours of PV electrical production; these credits can be traded for period of 15 years from the date of installation. The cost of the ACP penalty for 2011 is $600; this is the amount that must be paid per SREC by the high emission producers. The expected dollar amount that will be paid to the PV producer for 2012 is expected to be $95/SREC credit. Payments that will be received from the PV producer will change from year to year dependent upon supply and demand. Renewable Energy Consultants is a third party SREC broker that has been approved by the New Jersey Clean Energy Program. As stated above there is no definitive way to calculate an exact price that will be received by the PV producer per SREC over the next 15 years. Renewable Energy Consultants estimated an average of $487/ SREC per year and this number was utilized in the cash flow for this report. From March 2011 through April 2012, the school had a maximum electricity demand of 166.90 kW and a minimum of 88.8 kW. The monthly average over the observed 12 month period was 148.15 kW. The existing load justifies the use of 50.0 kW PV solar array; where incentives can be applied from a federal tax credit and a New Jersey SREC program. The system costs for PV installations were derived from contractor budgetary pricing in the state of New Jersey for estimates of total cost of system installation. It should be noted that the cost of installation is currently about $8.00 per watt or $8,000 per kW of installed system, for a 50.0 kW system. Other cost considerations will also need to be considered. PV panels have an approximate 20 year life span; however, the inverter device that converts DC electricity to AC has a life span of 10 to 12 years and will need to be replaced multiple times during the useful life of the PV system. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix E and summarized as follows:
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits Page 16 of 22
Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation – 50.0kW System
* 30% federal tax credit ** Estimated Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Program (SREC) for 15 years at $95/1000 kWh
At 100 square feet per kW of PV panels (rule of thumb), the proposed PV power generation system would require 5000 square feet of open space. This measure is not recommended due to space requirements. 6.1.2 Solar Thermal Hot Water Plant Active solar thermal systems use solar collectors to gather the sun’s energy to heat water, another fluid, or air. An absorber in the collector converts the sun’s energy into heat. The heat is then transferred by circulating water, antifreeze, or sometimes air to another location for immediate use or storage for later utilization. Applications for active solar thermal energy include providing hot water, heating swimming pools, space heating, and preheating air in residential and commercial buildings. A standard solar hot water system is typically composed of solar collectors, heat storage vessel, piping, circulators, and controls. Systems are typically integrated to work alongside a conventional heating system that provides heat when solar resources are not sufficient. The solar collectors are usually placed on the roof of the building, oriented south, and tilted around the site’s latitude, to maximize the amount of radiation collected on a yearly basis. Several options exist for using active solar thermal systems for space heating. The most common method involves using glazed collectors to heat a liquid held in a storage tank (similar to an active solar hot water system). The most practical system would transfer the heat from the panels to thermal storage tanks and transfer solar produced thermal energy to use for domestic hot water production. DHW is presently produced by gas-fired water heaters and, therefore, this measure would offer utility savings. The implementation cost and savings related to this ECM are presented in Appendix F and summarized as follows:
Solar Thermal Domestic Hot Water Plant
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Total Payback Payback
Cost
Savings Federal Tax
Credit (without
incentive) (with incentive)
Electricity Fuel Oil #2 Total
$ kW kWh Gals $ $ $ Years Years
22,000 0 0 1,270 4,100 4,100 0 5.4 5.4
* 30% tax credit.
This measure is not recommended.
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits Page 17 of 22
6.2 Wind
Small wind turbines use a horizontal axis propeller, or rotor, to capture the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into rotary motion to drive a generator which usually is designed specifically for the wind turbine. The rotor consists of two or three blades, usually made from wood or fiberglass. These materials give the turbine the needed strength and flexibility, and have the added advantage of not interfering with television signals. The structural backbone of the wind turbine is the mainframe, and includes the slip-rings that connect the wind turbine, which rotates as it points into changing wind directions, and the fixed tower wiring. The tail aligns the rotor into the wind. To avoid turbulence and capture greater wind energy, turbines are mounted on towers. Turbines should be mounted at least 30 feet above any structure or natural feature within 300 feet of the installation. Smaller turbines can utilize shorter towers. For example, a 250-watt turbine may be mounted on a 30-50 foot tower, while a 10 kW turbine will usually need a tower of 80-120 feet. Tower designs include tubular or latticed, guyed or self-supporting. Wind turbine manufacturers also provide towers. The New Jersey Clean Energy Program for small wind installations has designated numerous pre-approved wind turbines for installation in the State of New Jersey. Incentives for wind turbine installations are based on kilowatt hours saved in the first year. Systems sized under 16,000 kWh per year of production will receive a $3.20 per kWh incentive. Systems producing over 16,000 kWh will receive $51,200 for the first 16,000 kWh of production with an additional $0.50 per kWh up to a maximum cap of 750,000 kWh per year. This measure was not looked at due to space and code requirements.
6.3 Geothermal
Geothermal heat pumps (GHP) transfer heat between the constant temperature of the earth and the building to maintain the building’s interior space conditions. Below the surface of the earth throughout New Jersey the temperature remains in the low 50F range throughout the year. This stable temperature provides a source for heat in the winter and a means to reject excess heat in the summer. With GHP systems, water is circulated between the building and the piping buried in the ground. The ground heat exchanger in a GHP system is made up of a closed or open loop pipe system. Most common is the closed loop in which high density polyethylene pipe is buried horizontally at 4-6 feet deep or vertically at 100 to 400 feet deep. These pipes are filled with an environmentally friendly antifreeze/water solution that acts as a heat exchanger. In the summer, the water picks up heat from the building and moves it to the ground. In the winter the system reverses and fluid picks up heat from the ground and moves it to the building. Heat pumps make collection and transfer of this heat to and from the building possible.
To take advantage of a GHP system, the existing mechanical equipment would have to be removed or overhauled; and either a low temperature closed loop water source heat pump system or a water to water heat pump system would have to be installed to realize the benefit of the consistent temperature of the ground.
This measure is not recommended because the extent of HVAC system renovation needed for implementation greatly outweighs the savings over the life of the equipment.
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits Page 18 of 22
6.4 Combined Heat and Power Generation (CHP)
Combined heat and power, cogeneration, is self-production of electricity on-site with beneficial recovery of the heat byproduct from the electrical generator. Common CHP equipment includes reciprocating engine-driven, micro turbines, steam turbines, and fuel cells. Typical CHP customers include industrial, commercial, institutional, educational institutions, and multifamily residential facilities. CHP systems that are commercially viable at the present time are sized approximately 50 kW and above, with numerous options in blocks grouped around 300 kW, 800 kW, 1,200 kW and larger. Typically, CHP systems are used to produce a portion of the electricity needed by a facility some or all of the time, with the balance of electric needs satisfied by purchase from the grid. Any proposed CHP project will need to consider many factors, such as existing system load, use of thermal energy produced, system size, fuel availability, and proposed plant location. The Municipal Complex has sufficient need for electrical generation and the ability to use most of the thermal byproduct during the winter, thermal usage during the summer months is low. Thermal energy produced by the CHP plant in the warmer months will be wasted. An absorption chiller could be installed to utilize the heat to produce chilled water; however, there is no chilled water distribution system in the building. The most viable selection for a CHP plant at this location would be a reciprocating engine fuel-fired unit. Purchasing this system and performing modifications to the existing HVAC and electrical systems would greatly outweigh the savings over the life of the equipment. This measure is not recommended.
6.5 Biomass Power Generation
Biomass power generation is a process in which waste organic materials are used to produce electricity or thermal energy. These materials would otherwise be sent to the landfill or expelled to the atmosphere. To participate in NJCEP's Customer On-Site Renewable Energy program, participants must install an on-site sustainable biomass or fuel cell energy generation system. Incentives for bio-power installations are available to support up to 1MW-dc of rated capacity.
*Class I organic residues are eligible for funding through the NJCEP CORE program. Class I wastes include the following renewable supply of organic material:
Wood wastes not adulterated with chemicals, glues or adhesives Agricultural residues (corn stover, rice hulls or nut shells, manures, poultry litter, horse manure,
etc.) and/or methane gases from landfills Food wastes Municipal tree trimming and grass clipping wastes Paper and cardboard wastes Non adulterated construction wood wastes, pallets
The NJDEP evaluates biomass resources not identified in the RPS.
Examples of eligible facilities for a CORE incentive include:
Digestion of sewage sludge Landfill gas facilities Combustion of wood wastes to steam turbine Gasification of wood wastes to reciprocating engine Gasification or pyrolysis of bio-solid wastes to generation equipment
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits Page 19 of 22
* from NJOCE Website This measure is not recommended due to noise issues and because the facility does not have a steady waste stream to utilize as a fuel source.
6.6 Demand Response Curtailment
Presently, electricity is delivered by South Jersey Energy, which receives the electricity from regional power grid RFC. JCP&L is the regional transmission organization (RTO) that coordinates the movement of wholesale electricity in all or parts of 13 states and the District of Columbia including the State of New Jersey. Utility Curtailment is an agreement with the utility provider’s regional transmission organization and an approved Curtailment Service Provider (CSP) to shed electrical load by either turning major equipment off or energizing all or part of a facility utilizing an emergency generator; therefore, reducing the electrical demand on the utility grid. This program is to benefit the utility company during high demand periods and utility provider offers incentives to the CSP to participate in this program. Enrolling in the program will require program participants to drop electrical load or turn on emergency generators during high electrical demand conditions or during emergencies. Part of the program also will require that program participants reduce their required load or run emergency generators with notice to test the system. A pre-approved CSP will require a minimum of 100 kW of load reduction to participate in any curtailment program. From March 2011 through April 2012, Franklin had a maximum electricity demand of 166.90 kW and a minimum of 88.8 kW. The monthly average over the observed 12 month period was 148.15 kW. This measure is not recommended because the facility does not have adequate load to meet the required minimum load reduction.
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits Page 20 of 22
7.0 EPA PORTFOLIO MANAGER
The EPA Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool was used to assess the building’s energy performance. Portfolio Manager provides a site and source Energy Use Intensity (EUI), as well as an Energy Star performance rating for qualifying building types. The EUIs are provided in kBtu/ft2/year, and the performance rating represents how energy efficient a building is on a scale of 1 to 100, with 100 being the most efficient. In order for a building to receive and Energy Star label, the energy benchmark rating must be at least 75. As energy use decreases from implementation of the proposed measures, the Energy Star rating will increase. The site EUI is the amount of heat and electricity consumed by a building as reflected in utility bills. Site energy may be delivered to a facility in the form of primary energy, which is raw fuel burned to create heat or electricity, such as oil; or as secondary energy, which is the product created from a raw fuel such as electricity or district steam. To provide an equitable comparison for different buildings with varying proportions of primary and secondary energy consumption, Portfolio Manager uses the convention of source EUIs. The source energy also accounts for losses incurred in production, storage, transmission, and delivery of energy to the site, which provide an equivalent measure for various types of buildings with differing energy sources. The results of the Portfolio Manager benchmarking tool are contained in the table below.
Building Site EUI kBtu/ft2/yr Source EUI Btu/ft2/yr Energy Star Rating (1-100)
Franklin ES 65 107 78 The facility has a below average EUI. By implementing the measures discussed in this report, it is expected that the EUI can be reduced even further. The Portfolio Manager account can be accessed by entering the username and password shown below at the login screen of the Portfolio Manager website (https://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/). The account has been shared with the NYSERDABENCHMARKING master account. Username: franklintwpboe Password: energystar A full EPA Energy Star Portfolio Manager Report is located in Appendix H. The user name and password for the building’s EPA Portfolio Manager Account has been provided to William Sabo, Business Administrator.
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits Page 21 of 22
8.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
The energy audit conducted by CHA at the Franklin Elementary School identified potential ECMs for boiler replacement, lighting control replacement, variable speed drives with high efficiency motors, and unoccupied setback. Potential annual savings of $97,500 may be realized for the recommended ECMs, with a summary of the costs, savings, and paybacks as follows:
ECM-1A Replace Steam Boilers with Hot Water Boilers (Using Fuel oil)
Budgetary Annual Utility Savings Estimated Total Potential Payback Payback
Cost Maintenance Savings ROI Incentive* (without (with
Notes: 1) Existing motor power was determined using… 2) New motor power is the same as existing motor power adjusted for the new efficiency, if a new motor is proposed. 3) Weather data from NOAA for Newark, NJ 4) The pump load is estimated at 100% at X deg. OAT and 50% at X deg. OAT and varies linearly in between. 5) The required VFD motor draw is based on a 2.5 power relationship to load.
Notes: 1) Existing motor power based on operation with existing motor efficiency, operating at 80% load factor when at full load. Formula: Motor HP x 0.746 x 0.8 / Exist. Motor Eff., New motor power is based on same formula using the new motor efficiency. 2) Weather data from NOAA for Concord, MA 3) Occupied & AHU Bin Hours are based upon existing schedule. 4) The required VFD motor power draw is based on a 3.0 power relationship to load, since system static pressure will not be controlled.
Description QTY UNITUNIT COSTS SUBTOTAL COSTS TOTAL
COST
Franklin School District - NJBPUCHA Project #24267Franklin ES
ECM-4 Provide 55 F unoccupied set back from 65 F
735,440 kWh71,012 Gal Oil #2
0.14$ $/kWh3.00$ $/Gal Oil #2
14,709 kWh21,420 Gallons36,267$
1,000$ 4
0.2 years
Assumptions1 2% Approximate electric savings due to night setback2 2% Approximate Fuel Oil savings due to night setback3 Project cost is an estimate, includes cost of replacing non- programmbale thermostats with programmbale 4 control work cost
TOD Electric savingsTOD Fuel Oil savings
Estimated Total Project CostSimple Payback
Total Cost Savings
S A V I N G S
E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N SExisting Facility Total Electric usageExisting Facility Fuel Oil #2 UsageCost of Electricty
ECM-5 Improve the domestic pressure boosting system
Notes: 1) Existing motor power was determined using… 2) New motor power is the same as existing motor power adjusted for the new efficiency, if a new motor is proposed. 3) Weather data from NOAA for Newark, NJ 4) The pump load is estimated at 100% at X deg. OAT and 50% at X deg. OAT and varies linearly in between. 5) The required VFD motor draw is based on a 2.5 power relationship to load.
Fixture and Control Replacement Cost Lighting Analysis
Hours/Day Hours/Year Proposed Utilized
16 3648 3648 Y
12 2400 1800 Y
16 3200 3200 Y
1000 1000 Y
10 2000 1500 Y
8 2240 1680 Y
14 2800 2100 Y
13 2600 1950 Y
14 2800 2100 Y
5 1000 1000 Y
Hours of Operation
Bath Room
Cafeteria/Kitchen/Service
Area
Hallways
Offices
Stairway
Storage Areas
Gynasium
Mechanical Room
Locker
Classrooms
7/6/2012 Page 12, Operating Hours
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits
APPENDIX D
New Jersey Pay For Performance Incentive Program
New Jersey Pay For Performance Incentive Program (when ECM-1A is selected)
Note: The following calculation is based on the New Jersey Pay For Performance Incentive Program per April, 2012. Building must have a minimum average electric demand of 100 kW. This minimum is waived for buildings owned by localgovernements or non-profit organizations. Values used in this calculation are for measures with a positive return on investment (ROI) only.
Total Building Area (Square Feet) 115,483 $0.10 $/sqft
Is this audit funded by NJ BPU (Y/N) YesBoard of Public Utilites (BPU)
* Maximum allowable incentive is 50% of annual utility cost if not funded by NJ BPU, and %25 if it is.
** Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #2 is 25% of total project cost.
Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #3 is 25% of total project cost.
*** Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #1 is $50,000 if not funded by NJ BPU, and $25,000 if it is.
Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #2 & #3 is $1 million per gas account and $1 million per electric account; maximum 2 million per project
2,05515.6%
$78,700
Incentive #1Audit is funded by NJ BPU
Annual Utilities
13,135
Achieved Incentive
Incentives $
Project Payback (years)$44,789
$1,306,211
Max IncentiveMin (Savings = 15%) Increase (Savings > 15%)
New Jersey Pay For Performance Incentive Program (when ECM-1B is selected)
Note: The following calculation is based on the New Jersey Pay For Performance Incentive Program per April, 2012. Building must have a minimum average electric demand of 100 kW. This minimum is waived for buildings owned by localgovernements or non-profit organizations. Values used in this calculation are for measures with a positive return on investment (ROI) only.
Total Building Area (Square Feet) 115,483 $0.10 $/sqft
Is this audit funded by NJ BPU (Y/N) YesBoard of Public Utilites (BPU)
* Maximum allowable incentive is 50% of annual utility cost if not funded by NJ BPU, and %25 if it is.
** Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #2 is 25% of total project cost.
Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #3 is 25% of total project cost.
*** Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #1 is $50,000 if not funded by NJ BPU, and $25,000 if it is.
Maximum allowable amount of Incentive #2 & #3 is $1 million per gas account and $1 million per electric account; maximum 2 million per project
Achieved Incentive
Incentives $
Project Payback (years)$11,548
$1,382,452
Max Incentive
-9,642-73.4%
$180,600
Min (Savings = 15%) Increase (Savings > 15%)
Incentive #1Audit is funded by NJ BPU
Annual Utilities
13,135
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits
APPENDIX E
Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation
Weather variability The monthly and yearly energy production are modeled using the PV system parameters you selected and weather data that are typical or representative of long-term averages. For reference, or comparison with local information, the solar radiation values modeled for the PV array are included in the performance results.
Because weather patterns vary from year-to-year, the values in the tables are better indicators of long-term performance than of performance for a specific month or year. PV performance is largely proportional to the amount of solar radiation received, which may vary from the long-term average by 30% for monthly values and 10% for yearly values. How the solar radiation might vary for your location may be evaluated by examining the tables in the Solar Radiation Data Manual for Flat-Plate and Concentrating Collectors (http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/nsrdb/redbook/).
For these variations and the uncertainties associated with the weather data and the model used to model the PV performance, future months and years may be encountered where the actual PV performance is less than or greater than the values shown in the table. The variations may be as much as 40% for individual months and up to 20% for individual years. Compared to long-term performance over many years, the values in the table are accurate to within 10% to 12%.
System design and operating conditions If the default overall DC to AC derate factor is used, the energy values in the table will overestimate the actual energy production if nearby buildings, objects, or other PV modules and array structure shade the PV modules; if tracking mechanisms for one- and two-axis tracking systems do not keep the PV arrays at the optimum orientation with respect to the sun's position; if soiling or snow cover related losses exceed 5%; or if the system performance has degraded from new. (PV performance typically degrades 1% per year.) If any of these situations exist, an overall DC to AC derate factor should be used with PVWATTS that was calculated using system specific component derate factors for shading, sun-tracking, soiling, and age.
Module choice The PV system size is derived from the nameplate DC power rating. The energy production values in the table are estimated using coefficients relevant to crystalline silicon PV systems, assuming common silicon module designs. Adjusting these coefficients for specific silicon products and/or for thin-film products may result in results varying by as much as ~10%. If the user’s goal is to differentiate performance of specific products, a module-specific calculation must be used.
Net-metering policy and/or customer use habits The cost savings are determined as the product of the number of kilowatt hours (kWh) and the cost of electricity per kWh. These cost savings occur if the owner uses all the electricity produced by the PV system, or if the owner has a net-metering agreement with the utility. With net-metering, the utility bills the owner for the net electricity consumed. When electricity flows from the utility to the owner, the meter spins forward. When electricity flows from the PV system to the utility, the meter spins backwards.
If net-metering isn’t available and the PV system sends surplus electricity to the utility grid, the utility generally buys the electricity from the owner at a lower price than the owner pays the utility for electricity. In this case, the cost savings shown in the table should be reduced.
Besides the cost savings shown in the table, other benefits of PV systems include greater energy independence and a reduction in fossil fuel usage and air pollution. For commercial customers, additional cost savings may come from reducing demand charges. Homeowners can often include the cost of the PV system in their home mortgage as a way of accommodating the PV system’s initial cost.
To accelerate the use of PV systems, many state and local governments offer financial incentives and programs. Go to http://www.nrel.gov/stateandlocal for more information.
Return to RREDC Home Page ( http://www.nrel.gov/rredc )
Cautions for Interpreting the Results
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Page 1 of 1PVWATTS: Cautions for Interpreting the Results
** Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Program (SREC) SREC for 2012= $95/1000kwh
Estimated Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Program (SREC) payments for 15 Years from RR Renewable Energy Consultants
Year SREC
AVG 95
Franklin School District - NJBPU
Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Solar Power Generation
Annual Utility Savings
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits
APPENDIX F
Solar Thermal Domestic Hot Water Plant
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Our calculators help you understand energy production and consumption in a whole new way. Use them to develop a personal profile of your own energy use. Carbon Pollution Calculator Electric Power Pollution Calculator PV System Economics Solar Water Heating What's a Watt?
Solar Water Heating Calculator
Water heating is a major energy consumer. Although the energy consumed daily is often less than for air conditioning or heating, it is required year round, making it a good application of solar energy. Use this calculator to explore the energy usage of your water heater, and to estimate whether a solar water heater could save you money.
Water Heater Characteristics
Physical Thermal
? Diameter (feet) 5 ? Water Inlet Temperature (Degrees
F)60
? Capacity (gallons) 50 ? Ambient Temperature (Degrees F) 70
? Surface Area (calculated - sq
ft) 44.62 ? Hot Water Temperature (Degrees
F)140
? Effective R-value 5 ? Hot Water Usage (Gallons per Day) 400
Energy Use
10950 ? Heat Delivered in Hot Water (BTU/hr)
624.7 ? Heat loss through insulation (BTU/hr)
Gas vs. Electric Water Heating
Gas Electric
0.8 ? Overall Efficiency 0.9271
0.8456 ? Conversion Efficiency 0.98
13690 BTU/hr ? Power Into Water Heater 11810 BTU/hr
Cost
$ 3.00 /Therm ? Utility Rates $ 0.137 /kWh
$ 3597.732 ? Yearly Water Heating Cost $ 4151.039
How Does Solar Compare?
? Solar Water Heater Cost: $ 22000? Percentage Solar:
70
8.735662 years for gas ? Payback Time for Solar System 7.571253years for electric
More information on solar water heating:
Fact sheet - Solar Water Heaters Fact sheet - Solar Water Heaters for Swimming Pools Kids fact sheet - Heat from the Sun
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Page 1 of 2Interactive Energy Calculators
7/6/2012http://infinitepower.org/calc_water.htm
Franklin School District - NJBPU MultipliersCHA Project #24267 Material: 1Franklin ES Labor: 1
Equipment: 1
MAT. LABOR EQUIP. MAT. LABOR EQUIP.
2 EA 3,500$ 1,200$ 7,000$ 2,400$ -$ 9,400$
Piping modifications 1 LS 4,000$ 2,000$ 4,000$ 2,000$ -$ 6,000$
Electrical modifications 1 LS 500$ 500$ 500$ 500$ -$ 1,000$
2 EA 500$ 200$ 1,000$ 400$ -$ 1,400$
1 EA 300$ 80$ 300$ 80$ -$ 380$ -$ -$ -$ -$
18,180$
1,818$ 10% Contingency
1,818$ 10% Contractor O&P
-$ 0% Engineering21,816$
UNIT COSTS SUBTOTAL COSTS TOTAL COST
Total
REMARKS
Synergy Solar Thermal System
200 GallonStorage Tank
10 Gallon Drip Tank
Subtotal
Description QTY UNIT
_____________________________________________________________________________ New Jersey BPU - Energy Audits
APPENDIX G
EPA Portfolio Manager
OMB No. 2060-0347
STATEMENT OF ENERGY PERFORMANCEFranklin Elementary School
Building ID: 3215926 For 12-month Period Ending: March 31, 20121
Date SEP becomes ineligible: N/A Date SEP Generated: July 06, 2012
FacilityFranklin Elementary School50 Washington AveFranklin, NJ 07416
Facility OwnerN/A
Primary Contact for this FacilityN/A
Year Built: 1915Gross Floor Area (ft2): 115,483
Energy Performance Rating2 (1-100) 78
Site Energy Use Summary3
Electricity - Grid Purchase(kBtu) 2,079,955 Fuel Oil (No. 2) (kBtu) 4,742,594 Propane (kBtu) 622,406 Natural Gas - (kBtu)4 0 Total Energy (kBtu) 7,444,955
Energy Intensity4 Site (kBtu/ft2/yr) 64 Source (kBtu/ft2/yr) 107 Emissions (based on site energy use) Greenhouse Gas Emissions (MtCO2e/year) 683 Electric Distribution Utility Jersey Central Power & Light Co [FirstEnergy Corp] National Median Comparison National Median Site EUI 86 National Median Source EUI 143 % Difference from National Median Source EUI -25% Building Type K-12
School
Stamp of Certifying Professional
Based on the conditions observed at thetime of my visit to this building, I certify that
the information contained within thisstatement is accurate.
Meets Industry Standards5 for Indoor EnvironmentalConditions:Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality N/A Acceptable Thermal Environmental Conditions N/A Adequate Illumination N/A
Certifying ProfessionalN/A
Notes: 1. Application for the ENERGY STAR must be submitted to EPA within 4 months of the Period Ending date. Award of the ENERGY STAR is not final until approval is received from EPA.2. The EPA Energy Performance Rating is based on total source energy. A rating of 75 is the minimum to be eligible for the ENERGY STAR.3. Values represent energy consumption, annualized to a 12-month period.4. Values represent energy intensity, annualized to a 12-month period.5. Based on Meeting ASHRAE Standard 62 for ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, ASHRAE Standard 55 for thermal comfort, and IESNA Lighting Handbook for lighting quality.
The government estimates the average time needed to fill out this form is 6 hours (includes the time for entering energy data, Licensed Professional facility inspection, and notarizing the SEP) andwelcomes suggestions for reducing this level of effort. Send comments (referencing OMB control number) to the Director, Collection Strategies Division, U.S., EPA (2822T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave.,NW, Washington, D.C. 20460.
EPA Form 5900-16
ENERGY STAR®
Data Checklistfor Commercial Buildings
In order for a building to qualify for the ENERGY STAR, a Professional Engineer (PE) or a Registered Architect (RA) must validate the accuracy of the data underlyingthe building's energy performance rating. This checklist is designed to provide an at-a-glance summary of a property's physical and operating characteristics, as well asits total energy consumption, to assist the PE or RA in double-checking the information that the building owner or operator has entered into Portfolio Manager.
Please complete and sign this checklist and include it with the stamped, signed Statement of Energy Performance.NOTE: You must check each box to indicate that each value is correct, OR include a note.
CRITERION VALUE AS ENTERED INPORTFOLIO MANAGER VERIFICATION QUESTIONS NOTES
Building Name Franklin Elementary School Is this the official building name to be displayed inthe ENERGY STAR Registry of LabeledBuildings?
Type K-12 School Is this an accurate description of the space inquestion?
Location 50 Washington Ave,Franklin, NJ 07416
Is this address accurate and complete? Correctweather normalization requires an accurate zipcode.
Single Structure Single Facility
Does this SEP represent a single structure? SEPscannot be submitted for multiple-buildingcampuses (with the exception of a hospital, k-12school, hotel and senior care facility) nor can theybe submitted as representing only a portion of abuilding.
School (K-12 School)
CRITERION VALUE AS ENTERED INPORTFOLIO MANAGER VERIFICATION QUESTIONS NOTES
Gross Floor Area 115,483 Sq. Ft.
Does this square footage include all supportingfunctions such as kitchens and break rooms usedby staff, storage areas, administrative areas,elevators, stairwells, atria, vent shafts, etc. Alsonote that existing atriums should only include thebase floor area that it occupies. Interstitial(plenum) space between floors should not beincluded in the total. Finally gross floor area is notthe same as leasable space. Leasable space is asubset of gross floor area.
Open Weekends? No
Is this building normally open at all on theweekends? This includes activities beyond thework conducted by maintenance, cleaning, andsecurity personnel. Weekend activity could includeany time when the space is used for classes,performances or other school or communityactivities. If the building is open on the weekend aspart of the standard schedule during one or moreseasons, the building should select ?yes? for openweekends. The ?yes? response should applywhether the building is open for one or both of theweekend days.
Number of PCs 202 (Default) Is this the number of personal computers in theK12 School?
Number of walk-inrefrigeration/freezer
units 1 (Default)
Is this the total number of commercial walk-in typefreezers and coolers? These units are typicallyfound in storage and receiving areas.
Presence ofcooking facilities Yes (Default)
Does this school have a dedicated space in whichfood is prepared and served to students? If theschool has space in which food for students is onlykept warm and/or served to students, or has only agalley that is used by teachers and staff then theanswer is "no".
Percent Cooled 100 % (Default) Is this the percentage of the total floor space withinthe facility that is served by mechanical coolingequipment?
Percent Heated 100 % (Default) Is this the percentage of the total floor space withinthe facility that is served by mechanical heatingequipment?
Months N/A(Optional) Is this school in operation for at least 8 months ofthe year?
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High School? No
Is this building a high school (teaching grades 10,11, and/or 12)? If the building teaches to highschool students at all, the user should check 'yes'to 'high school'. For example, if the school teachesto grades K-12 (elementary/middle and highschool), the user should check 'yes' to 'highschool'.
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ENERGY STAR®
Data Checklistfor Commercial Buildings
Energy ConsumptionPower Generation Plant or Distribution Utility: Jersey Central Power & Light Co [FirstEnergy Corp]
Total Propane Consumption (kBtu (thousand Btu)) 622,406.35
Is this the total Propane consumption at this building including all Propane meters?
Additional FuelsDo the fuel consumption totals shown above represent the total energy use of this building?Please confirm there are no additional fuels (district energy, generator fuel oil) used in this facility.
On-Site Solar and Wind EnergyDo the fuel consumption totals shown above include all on-site solar and/or wind power located atyour facility? Please confirm that no on-site solar or wind installations have been omitted from thislist. All on-site systems must be reported.
Certifying Professional (When applying for the ENERGY STAR, the Certifying Professional must be the same PE or RA that signed and stamped the SEP.)
Signature: ______________________________________ Signature is required when applying for the ENERGY STAR.
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FOR YOUR RECORDS ONLY. DO NOT SUBMIT TO EPA.
Please keep this Facility Summary for your own records; do not submit it to EPA. Only the Statement of Energy Performance(SEP), Data Checklist and Letter of Agreement need to be submitted to EPA when applying for the ENERGY STAR.
FacilityFranklin Elementary School50 Washington AveFranklin, NJ 07416
Facility OwnerN/A
Primary Contact for this FacilityN/A
General InformationFranklin Elementary School
Gross Floor Area Excluding Parking: (ft2) 115,483 Year Built 1915 For 12-month Evaluation Period Ending Date: March 31, 2012
Facility Space Use SummarySchool
Space Type K-12 School
Gross Floor Area (ft2) 115,483
Open Weekends? No
Number of PCs d 202
Number of walk-in refrigeration/freezerunits d 1
Presence of cooking facilities d Yes
Percent Cooled d 100
Percent Heated d 100
Months o N/A
High School? No
School District o N/A
Energy Performance ComparisonEvaluation Periods Comparisons
Performance Metrics Current(Ending Date 03/31/2012)
Baseline(Ending Date 01/31/2012) Rating of 75 Target National Median
More than 50% of your building is defined as K-12 School. Please note that your rating accounts for all of the spaces listed. The National Median column presentsenergy performance data your building would have if your building had a median rating of 50. Notes:o - This attribute is optional.d - A default value has been supplied by Portfolio Manager.
2012Franklin Elementary School50 Washington AveFranklin, NJ 07416
Portfolio Manager Building ID: 3215926
The energy use of this building has been measured and compared to other similar buildings using theEnvironmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Energy Performance Scale of 1–100, with 1 being the least energyefficient and 100 the most energy efficient. For more information, visit energystar.gov/benchmark.
This building’sscore
78
100
Most Efficient
This building uses 107 kBtu per square foot per year.*
*Based on source energy intensity for the 12 month period ending March 2012
Date of certification
Date Generated: 07/06/2012
Statement ofEnergy Performance
1
Least Efficient
50
Median
Buildings with a score of75 or higher may qualifyfor EPA’s ENERGY STAR.
I certify that the information contained within this statement is accurate and in accordance with U.S.Environmental Protection Agency’s measurement standards, found at energystar.gov