Francisco Gírio Head of Bioenergy Unit at LNEG Coordinator of SIADEB National representative on the European Industrial Initiative in Bioenergy National representative on the EC Committe on Sustainability of Biofuels and Bioliquids Advanced Biofuel Biorefineries: How much are they complex ? PRIMER FORO IBEROAMERICANO DE CIENCIA PARA LA ENERGÍA Quito, Equador, 1113 Junho 2012
National representative on the EC Committe on Sustainability of Biofuels and Bioliquids Head of Bioenergy Unit at LNEG Coordinator of SIADEB National representative on the European Industrial Initiative in Bioenergy PRIMER
FORO
IBEROAMERICANO
DE
CIENCIA
PARA
LA
ENERGÍA
Quito,
Equador,
11-‐13
Junho
2012
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Francisco Gírio Head of Bioenergy Unit at LNEG
Coordinator of SIADEB
National representative on the European Industrial Initiative in Bioenergy
National representative on the EC Committe on Sustainability of Biofuels and Bioliquids
Advanced Biofuel Biorefineries: How much are they complex ?
PRIMER FORO IBEROAMERICANO DE CIENCIA PARA LA ENERGÍA Quito, Equador, 11-‐13 Junho 2012
SIADEB – Sociedad Iberoamericana para el Desarollo de las Biorefinerias
Quieres ser miembro ?
Registo: www.siadeb.org
(created under the auspices of Red Cyted 310RT0397 “SIADEB”)
Biochemical Pla9orm – Biomass fracEonaEon through physico-‐chemical and biological conversion processes of biomass elemental components in order to produce biofuels, chemicals or intermediary building blocks;
Thermochemical Pla9orm -‐ Biomass thermal treatment processes that envisages the producEon of syngas or bio-‐oil as a building brick to their conversion in bioenergy (electricity and heat), biofuels and chemicals;
Biomass
BiochemicalPlataform
ThermochemicalPlatform
Thermal and/or electrical energy
Biofuels
Bioenergy
Bioproducts
Sugars, Lignin, ...
CO, H2, Bio-oil, ...
Residues
By-products
Biomass
BiochemicalPlataform
ThermochemicalPlatform
Thermal and/or electrical energy
Biofuels
Bioenergy
Bioproducts
Sugars, Lignin, ...
CO, H2, Bio-oil, ...
Residues
By-products
Adapted from: Sousa, G. (2010), Workshop de Biorrefinarias, LNEG, Alfragide, 29 Set.
BIORREFINERY CONCEPT
Vegetable Animal Microbial
Oleaginous Biorefinery Starch Biorefinery
Source: Joint European Biorefinery Vision for 2030 – Project Star-‐COLIBRI
CONVENTIONAL BIORREFINERIES
Green Biorefinery
ADVANCED BIORREFINERIES
Source: Joint European Biorefinery Vision for 2030 – Project Star-‐COLIBRI
AquaQc (Marine) or Algae Biorefinery
ADVANCED BIORREFINERIES
Source: Joint European Biorefinery Vision for 2030 – Project Star-‐COLIBRI
8
EUROPEAN SET PLAN FOR BIOREFINERIES
supporQng DEMO and FLAGSHIP plants up to 2020
9
EUROPEAN SET PLAN FOR BIOREFINERIES
supporQng DEMO and FLAGSHIP plants up to 2020
Advanced Biorefineries: How much are they complex in the future (or the challenges to overcome during next 10 yrs)
ü Environmentals (biodiversity, excessive water consumpEon; GHG emissions savings,…)
ü Land Uses (direct and indirect effects) -‐à compeEEon food vs energy
ü Socials (respect for human rights, work internaEonal convenEons, ….)
Sustainability “hot issues” about Biomass for Energy
1st generation
Fossil fuels
50% saving
90%
saving
2nd generation
Environmental impact of the biofuel different generaQons
18
LCA well-‐to-‐wheel (not considering LUC and ILUC)
Example: Tropical forest accumulates carbon stocks above soil of 235 ton/ha whereas palm trees only fix 48 ton/ha
This means that the deforestation of a tropical forest for the cultivation of palm tree to produce the equivalent of 60 000 FAME biodiesel tons
will requires 59-years of palm tree plantation in a 12 000 ha to compensate the carbon stock losses due to the previous deforestation
Land Use Changes (LUC)
RED DIRECTIVE (28/2009/EC), for purposes of use in EU market, Biofuels shall not be made from raw material obtained from : Ø Land with high biodiversity value
(e.g. primary forest, protecEve lands, grasslands); Ø Land with high carbon stock
(e.g. wetlands, conEnuously forested areas) and Ø Peatlands.
Source: Hoefnagels et al (2010) Renew. Sust. Ener. Rev., 14:1661
NET GHG EMMISSIONS DUE TO LAND USE CHANGES
Brasil Sugar cane dos not directly deforest Amazon neither….. however, ILUC can occurs due to soy field displacement from South to North (eg. Amazon region)
Indirect Land Use Changes (ILUC)
Advanced Biorefineries: How much are they complex in the future (or the challenges to overcome during next 10 yrs)
High dry maper in pretreatment (35%) and hydrolysis (25% WIS)
ConQnuous operaQon unQl final of fermentaQon process
Up to 25% of carbohydrate content remains unconverted !
C5-‐rich fracQon Other biorefinery products More ethanol
INBICON – Integrated bioethanol biorefinery
However….this is sQll the Bioethanol Biorefinery Current Stage (Inbicon Proces)
www.proethanol2g.org
PROETHANOL2G Integration of Biology and Engineering
into an Economical and Energy-Efficient 2G Bioethanol Biorefinery
Project Overview Francisco Gírio
EU Project Coordinator
Inbicon DemonstraQon Plant, Kalundborg, Denmark
The EU Project overview for a full integrated bioethanol biorefinery
46
INBICON – A future integrated biofuel biorefinery
Pentoses Technology
INBICON – A future integrated biofuel biorefinery
SSCF Technology
CBP Technology
INBICON – A future integrated biofuel biorefinery
Palha de Trigo ou
Bagaço/Palha de Cana
Pré-‐tratamento
DesElação (a baixa temperatura)
Caldo FermentaEvo
Biomassa pré-‐tratada
SS(C)F
Hidrólise EnzimáEca
Fermentação
Bioetanol 2G
Águas Residuais
Sólidos Residuais (incl. Lenhina)
Recuperação/Purificação de Lenhina
Pilhas de Combus|veis Gasificação
Gás de síntese
Fermentação
Produtos à base de Lenhina Electricidade
PROETHANOL2G – IntegraQng the wastewaters
Microbial Fuel Cells
ü Convertem a energia química disponível nos substratos orgânicos diretamente em eletricidade. ü Conceito mais comum: 1º Ox idação dos compos tos orgânicos no ânodo, com produção de eletrões e protões; 2º No cátodo, o oxigénio reage com os protões transportados através da membrana e com os eletrões provenientes do circuito externo para produzir água.
(Lovley, 2006)
A aplicação mais estudada e consensual para MFCs está no tratamento energeQcamente eficiente de águas residuais.
(LNEG 2010)
(Instalação Piloto Advanced Water Management Centre Foster's brewery, Queensland (Australia))
Implementação à escala industrial, ainda sujeita a limitações económicas e técnicas.